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Wang X, Jian Q, Zhang Z, Gu J, Wang X, Wang Y. Effect of tumor-derived extracellular vesicle-shuttled lncRNA MALAT1 on proliferation, invasion and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by regulating macrophage M2 polarization via the POSTN/Hippo/YAP axis. Transl Oncol 2024; 49:102076. [PMID: 39222611 PMCID: PMC11402314 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the deadliest subtype of breast cancer (BC). Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) trigger tumor progression by promoting M2 polarization. Some lncRNAs can be encapsulated into EVs for intercellular communication. Herein, we investigated the mechanism of TNBC-derived EV-shuttled lncRNA MALAT1 on macrophage polarization/tumorigenesis. METHODS BC-associated targeted EV-derived lncRNAs were screened. Tumor tissues/tissues adjacent to cancer of TNBC patients, and blood samples of all subjects were collected. MALAT1/POSTN mRNA levels in tumor tissues/tissues adjacent to cancer, and MALAT1 expression in EVs and its correlation with TNBC patient overall survival were assessed by RT-qPCR/Kaplan-Meier survival analysis/log-rank test. TNBC patient M2 infiltration was detected by flow cytometry. MALAT1/POSTN levels in EVs/macrophages were regulated by transfection. Hippo/YAP activation was determined by Western blot. Nude mouse xenograft model was established and metastasis was detected by H&E staining. RESULTS MALAT1/POSTN were up-regulated and correlated with M2 infiltration/poor prognosis in TNBC patients. TNBC-derived EVs induced M2 polarization. MALAT1 was highly expressed in TNBC-derived EVs and could be transferred to macrophages via EVs to induce M2 polarization. POSTN overexpression diminished the inhibitory effect of MALAT1 knockdown on M2 markers. EVs activated the Hippo/YAP pathway in macrophages. The Hippo/YAP pathway inhibition abrogated the effect of POSTN overexpression on M2 marker expression. TNBC-EV-derived MALAT1 facilitated M2 polarization, and thus promoting occurrence and metastasis of TNBC in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS TNBC-EV-derived MALAT1 activated the Hippo/YAP axis by up-regulating POSTN, thereby inducing M2 polarization to promote TNBC occurrence and metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Wang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China; Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, China
| | - Qiwei Jian
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, China
| | - Juan Gu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China
| | - Yueping Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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Liu X, Wu F, Pan W, Liu G, Zhang H, Yan D, Zheng S, Ma Z, Ren X. Tumor-associated exosomes in cancer progression and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e709. [PMID: 39247621 PMCID: PMC11380050 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular environment. Tumor-associated exosomes (TAEs) are extracellular vesicles that play a significant role in cancer progression by mediating intercellular communication and contributing to various hallmarks of cancer. These vesicles carry a cargo of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules that can be transferred to recipient cells, modifying their behavior and promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune modulation, and drug resistance. Several potential therapeutic targets within the TAEs cargo have been identified, including oncogenic proteins, miRNAs, tumor-associated antigens, immune checkpoint proteins, drug resistance proteins, and tissue factor. In this review, we will systematically summarize the biogenesis, composition, and function of TAEs in cancer progression and highlight potential therapeutic targets. Considering the complexity of exosome-mediated signaling and the pleiotropic effects of exosome cargoes has challenge in developing effective therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of TAEs in cancer and to develop effective therapies that target them. In particular, the development of strategies to block TAEs release, target TAEs cargo, inhibit TAEs uptake, and modulate TAEs content could provide novel approaches to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Fan Wu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Wei Pan
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Dawei Yan
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Saijing Zheng
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
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3
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Huang G, Zheng W, Zhou Y, Wan M, Hu T. Recent advances to address challenges in extracellular vesicle-based applications for lung cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:3855-3875. [PMID: 39309489 PMCID: PMC11413688 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, highly prevalent and the leading cause of cancer-related death globally, persists as a significant challenge due to the lack of definitive tumor markers for early diagnosis and personalized therapeutic interventions. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), functioning as natural carriers for intercellular communication, have received increasing attention due to their ability to traverse biological barriers and deliver diverse biological cargoes, including cytosolic proteins, cell surface proteins, microRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, DNA, and lipids. EVs are increasingly recognized as a valuable resource for non-invasive liquid biopsy, as well as drug delivery platforms, and anticancer vaccines for precision medicine in lung cancer. Herein, given the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of tumor-associated EVs for lung cancer, we discuss this topic from a translational standpoint. We delve into the specific roles that EVs play in lung cancer carcinogenesis and offer a particular perspective on how advanced engineering technologies can overcome the current challenges and expedite and/or enhance the translation of EVs from laboratory research to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaigai Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District (West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University), Chengdu 610200, China
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Wenshu Zheng
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District (West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University), Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610200, China
- The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District (West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University), Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Tony Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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4
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Li W, Yuan Q, Li M, He X, Shen C, Luo Y, Tai Y, Li Y, Deng Z, Luo Y. Research advances on signaling pathways regulating the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1452078. [PMID: 39144141 PMCID: PMC11321980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1452078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are closely related to the stages of tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. Macrophages are plastic and can differentiate into different phenotypes and functions under the influence of different signaling pathways in TME. The classically activated (M1-like) and alternatively activated (M2-like) represent the two polarization states of macrophages. M1 macrophages exhibit anti-tumor functions, while M2 macrophages are considered to support tumor cell survival and metastasis. Macrophage polarization involves complex signaling pathways, and blocking or regulating these signaling pathways to enhance macrophages' anti-tumor effects has become a research hotspot in recent years. At the same time, there have been new discoveries regarding the modulation of TAMs towards an anti-tumor phenotype by synthetic and natural drug components. Nanotechnology can better achieve combination therapy and targeted delivery of drugs, maximizing the efficacy of the drugs while minimizing side effects. Up to now, nanomedicines targeting the delivery of various active substances for reprogramming TAMs have made significant progress. In this review, we primarily provided a comprehensive overview of the signaling crosstalk between TAMs and various cells in the LC microenvironment. Additionally, the latest advancements in novel drugs and nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) that target macrophages were also reviewed. Finally, we discussed the prospects of macrophages as therapeutic targets and the barriers to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Shen
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yurui Luo
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunze Tai
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Nicolini A, Ferrari P. Involvement of tumor immune microenvironment metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer progression, immune escape, and response to immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353787. [PMID: 39119332 PMCID: PMC11306065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a k`ey hallmark of tumors, developed in response to hypoxia and nutrient deficiency during tumor progression. In both cancer and immune cells, there is a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect, which then leads to lactate acidification, increased lipid synthesis, and glutaminolysis. This reprogramming facilitates tumor immune evasion and, within the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer and immune cells collaborate to create a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). The growing interest in the metabolic reprogramming of the TME, particularly its significance in colorectal cancer (CRC)-one of the most prevalent cancers-has prompted us to explore this topic. CRC exhibits abnormal glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and increased lipid synthesis. Acidosis in CRC cells hampers the activity of anti-tumor immune cells and inhibits the phagocytosis of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), while nutrient deficiency promotes the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2-like macrophages. In CRC cells, activation of G-protein coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) signaling leads to overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and reduces the antigen presentation capability of dendritic cells. Moreover, the genetic and epigenetic cell phenotype, along with the microbiota, significantly influence CRC metabolic reprogramming. Activating RAS mutations and overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occur in approximately 50% and 80% of patients, respectively, stimulating glycolysis and increasing levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and MYC proteins. Certain bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which activate CD8+ cells and genes involved in antigen processing and presentation, while other mechanisms support pro-tumor activities. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in selected CRC patients has shown promise, and the combination of these with drugs that inhibit aerobic glycolysis is currently being intensively researched to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Unit of Oncology, Department of Medical and Oncological Area, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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Hu P, Yan T, Lv S, Ye M, Wu M, Fang H, Xiao B. Exosomal HMGB3 released by glioma cells confers the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in tumor-associated macrophages. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102406. [PMID: 38761792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidences has highlighted the pivotal role of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-mediated inflammasomes and pyroptosis activation in driving tumor malignancy and shaping the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the impact of high-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) released in glioma-derived exosomes on macrophage infiltration in gliomas, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and polarization. METHODS Transcripts and protein levels of HMGB3, and cytokines associated with macrophage phenotypes and pyroptosis were assessed in glioma tissues and cell lines (U251, LN229, T98G, A172) using qRT-PCR and/or Western blot analysis. Exosomes secreted from LN229 and NHA cells were isolated via differential ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and analysis of exosome-related markers. PKH67 staining was employed to examine exosomes uptake by THP-1 differentiated macrophages. Flow cytometry was utilized to assess macrophage pyroptotic rates and polarization-related markers. RESULTS HMGB3 expression was elevated in glioma tissues, serum samples and tumor cell lines. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a positive correlation between higher HMGB3 expression and poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Moreover, glioma tissues with increased HMGB3 expression exhibited significant upregulation of M2 macrophages markers (CD68, CD206, Arg1) and NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, IL-1β, ASC), suggesting that HMGB3 was closely associated with macrophage infiltration and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, HMGB3 was found to be enriched in glioma cell- secreted exosomes and could be internalized by macrophages. Knockdown of HMGB3 in glioma cell exosomes could restrain M2 macrophage polarization, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that glioma cells secreted exosomal HMGB3 could facilitate macrophage M2 polarization, pyroptosis and inflammatory infiltration, indicating HMGB3 might be a poor prognosis factor for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Tengfeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Shigang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Minhua Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Miaojing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China.
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Ni J, Xi X, Xiao S, Xiao X. Tumor Cell-Derived Exosomal miR-191-5p Activates M2-Subtype Macrophages Through SOCS3 to Facilitate Breast Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1314-1325. [PMID: 38270757 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Differential activation of macrophages is associated with poor progression of breast cancer (BC). Many reports have elucidated the important involvement of exosomes produced by cancer cells in remodeling the macrophage activation phenotype to promote tumor expansion and invasion. However, the underlying mechanisms by which exosomes secreted by BC cells facilitate macrophage M2 polarization remain enigmatic and worth exploring. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to investigate miR-191-5p expression in BC tumor tissues and cells. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), transwell, and flow cytometry were applied to assess the functional role of miR-191-5p in BC. Isolated nano-vesicles were identified using transmission electron microscopy and western blotting. We also observed that miR-191-5p was significantly elevated in BC clinical samples and that inhibition of miR-191-5p hindered the growth and metastasis of BC cells. Importantly, BC cells successfully accelerated macrophage M2-like polarization by directly transferring exosomes to macrophages, resulting in increased miR-191-5p levels in macrophages. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-191-5p directly inhibited the suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in macrophages and aggravated macrophage M2 polarization. Similarly, si-SOCS3 transfected macrophages boosted BC cell migration and invasion in a positive feedback manner. Overall, our results manifested a pro-growth and pro-metastatic role between the two cells by elucidating the crucial role of exosomal miR-191-5p in stimulating M2 macrophage polarization and mediating communication between BC cells and macrophages. These findings opened up new horizons for the development of BC therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- Department of Breast Surgery, People's Hospital of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou, 314000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xun Xi
- Department of Breast Surgery, People's Hospital of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou, 314000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sujian Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, People's Hospital of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou, 314000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xigang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Ganzhou City, No.16, Meiguan Road, Ganzhou, 314000, Jiangxi, China.
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Chen S, Sun J, Zhou H, Lei H, Zang D, Chen J. New roles of tumor-derived exosomes in tumor microenvironment. Chin J Cancer Res 2024; 36:151-166. [PMID: 38751437 PMCID: PMC11090792 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2024.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout tumorigenesis, the co-evolution of tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment leads to the development of malignant phenotypes. Cellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in influencing various aspects of tumor progression, including invasion and metastasis. The release of exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle, by most cell types in the body, is an essential mediator of intercellular communication. A growing body of research indicates that tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) significantly expedite tumor progression through multiple mechanisms, inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and macrophage polarization, enhancing angiogenesis, and aiding in the immune evasion of tumor cells. Herein, we describe the formation and characteristics of the TME, and summarize the contents of TDEs and their diverse functions in modulating tumor development. Furthermore, we explore potential applications of TDEs in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jinzhe Sun
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongbin Lei
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dan Zang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
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9
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Du Q, An Q, Zhang J, Liu C, Hu Q. Unravelling immune microenvironment features underlying tumor progression in the single-cell era. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:143. [PMID: 38649887 PMCID: PMC11036673 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the immune cell and tumor occurrence and progression remains unclear. Profiling alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) at high resolution is crucial to identify factors influencing cancer progression and enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. However, traditional sequencing methods, including bulk RNA sequencing, exhibit varying degrees of masking the cellular heterogeneity and immunophenotypic changes observed in early and late-stage tumors. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has provided significant and precise TIME landscapes. Consequently, this review has highlighted TIME cellular and molecular changes in tumorigenesis and progression elucidated through recent scRNA-seq studies. Specifically, we have summarized the cellular heterogeneity of TIME at different stages, including early, late, and metastatic stages. Moreover, we have outlined the related variations that may promote tumor occurrence and metastasis in the single-cell era. The widespread applications of scRNA-seq in TIME will comprehensively redefine the understanding of tumor biology and furnish more effective immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilian Du
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Qinyong Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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10
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Kang J, Hua P, Wu X, Wang B. Exosomes: efficient macrophage-related immunomodulators in chronic lung diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1271684. [PMID: 38655063 PMCID: PMC11035777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1271684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, the predominant immune cells in the lungs, play a pivotal role in maintaining the delicate balance of the pulmonary immune microenvironment. However, in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and lung cancer, macrophage phenotypes undergo distinct transitions, with M1-predominant macrophages promoting inflammatory damage and M2-predominant macrophages fostering cancer progression. Exosomes, as critical mediators of intercellular signaling and substance exchange, participate in pathological reshaping of macrophages during development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases and lung cancer. Specifically, in inflammatory lung diseases, exosomes promote the pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages, suppress the anti-inflammatory phenotype, and subsequently, exosomes released by reshaped macrophages further exacerbate inflammatory damage. In cancer, exosomes promote pro-tumor tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs); inhibit anti-tumor TAMs; and exosomes released by TAMs further enhance tumor proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Simultaneously, exosomes exhibit a dual role, holding the potential to transmit immune-modulating molecules and load therapeutic agents and offering prospects for restoring immune dysregulation in macrophages during chronic inflammatory lung diseases and lung cancer. In chronic inflammatory lung diseases, this is manifested by exosomes reshaping anti-inflammatory macrophages, inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophages, and alleviating inflammatory damage post-reshaping. In lung cancer, exosomes reshape anti-tumor macrophages, inhibit pro-tumor macrophages, and reshaped macrophages secrete exosomes that suppress lung cancer development. Looking ahead, efficient and targeted exosome-based therapies may emerge as a promising direction for treatment of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peiyan Hua
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery at The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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11
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Fasano R, Serratì S, Rafaschieri T, Longo V, Di Fonte R, Porcelli L, Azzariti A. Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Is Liquid Biopsy a New Tool Able to Predict the Efficacy of Immunotherapy? Biomolecules 2024; 14:396. [PMID: 38672414 PMCID: PMC11048475 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases represent approximately 15% of all lung cancer cases, remaining a recalcitrant malignancy with poor survival and few treatment options. In the last few years, the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy improved clinical outcomes compared to chemotherapy alone, resulting in the current standard of care for SCLC. However, the advantage of immunotherapy only applies to a few SCLC patients, and predictive biomarkers selection are lacking for SCLC. In particular, due to some features of SCLC, such as high heterogeneity, elevated cell plasticity, and low-quality tissue samples, SCLC biopsies cannot be used as biomarkers. Therefore, the characterization of the tumor and, subsequently, the selection of an appropriate therapeutic combination may benefit greatly from liquid biopsy. Soluble factors, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now useful tools in the characterization of SCLC. This review summarizes the most recent data on biomarkers detectable with liquid biopsy, emphasizing their role in supporting tumor detection and their potential role in SCLC treatment choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Fasano
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (T.R.); (R.D.F.); (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Simona Serratì
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (T.R.); (R.D.F.); (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Tania Rafaschieri
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (T.R.); (R.D.F.); (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Vito Longo
- Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Roberta Di Fonte
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (T.R.); (R.D.F.); (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (T.R.); (R.D.F.); (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, V.Le O. Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (T.R.); (R.D.F.); (L.P.); (A.A.)
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12
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Chang L, Xu L, Tian Y, Liu Z, Song M, Li S, Zhang X, Chen Y, Hao Q, Lu Y, Zhen Y. NLRP6 deficiency suppresses colorectal cancer liver metastasis growth by modulating M-MDSC-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167035. [PMID: 38278335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) a profound influence on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), prompting a comprehensive inquiry into its underlying mechanisms. Amidst the multifaceted tumor microenvironment, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as pivotal orchestrators of immune modulation. However, their specific contributions to the CRLM have not been explored. The role of NLRP6, a member of the NOD-like receptor family, is of interest. Employing a liver metastasis model, our investigation revealed a heightened accumulation of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) within metastatic sites, culminating in an immunosuppressive milieu characterized by depleted CD8+ T cell populations. Remarkably, the absence of NLRP6 disrupts this intricate immunosuppressive network, highlighting its nuanced role in sculpting the trajectory of CRLM. This study elucidates the interplay between NLRP6 and MDSCs, potentially guiding novel therapeutic strategies to recalibrate the immune microenvironment in CRLM and enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzheng Chang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Yuying Tian
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010107, China
| | - Zherui Liu
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100039, China; Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Meiru Song
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100039, China; Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Qiuyao Hao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Yinying Lu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100039, China; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100039, China; Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Yunhuan Zhen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China.
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13
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Guo Y, Song J, Yan M, Chen Y, Huang L, Liu J, He Y, Lü Y, Yu W. The role of NLRP6 in the development and progression of neurological diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:351. [PMID: 38400865 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The nervous system possesses the remarkable ability to undergo changes in order to store information; however, it is also susceptible to damage caused by invading pathogens or neurodegenerative processes. As a member of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family, the NLRP6 inflammasome serves as a cytoplasmic innate immune sensor responsible for detecting microbe-associated molecular patterns. Upon activation, NLRP6 can recruit the adapter protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and the inflammatory factors caspase-1 or caspase-11. Consequently, inflammasomes are formed, facilitating the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as inflammatory factors-18 (IL-18) and inflammatory factors-1β (IL-1β). Precise regulation of NLRP6 is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis, as dysregulated inflammasome activation can contribute to the development of various diseases. Furthermore, NLRP6 may also play a role in the regulation of extraintestinal diseases. In cells of the brain, such as astrocytes and neurons, NLRP6 inflammasome are also present. Here, the assembly and subsequent activation of caspase-1 mediated by NLRP6 contribute to disease progression. This review aims to discuss the structure and function of NLRP6, explain clearly the mechanisms that induce and activate NLRP6, and explore its role within the central and peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixuayuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixuayuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengyu Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixuayuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingxi Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixuayuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixuayuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yurou He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixuayuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixuayuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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14
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Chang L, Tian Y, Xu L, Hao Q, Song L, Lu Y, Zhen Y. Spotlight on NLRP6 and Tumor Research Situation: A Potential Cancer Participant. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:6613064. [PMID: 37415625 PMCID: PMC10322559 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6613064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) is a new pattern recognition receptor in the mammalian innate immune system. Both the liver and the gut exhibit substantial levels of cytoplasmic expression. It can speed up cell response to endogenous danger signals or exogenous pathogen infection. NLRP6 can function in various ways as an inflammasome or a noninflammasome. The understanding of NLRP6 is steadily increasing thanks to ongoing investigations, but due to discrepancies in how those studies have described their link with tumors, the significance of NLRP6 in the emergence of cancer is still debatable as of this writing. This article will use the structure and function of NLRP6 as the pivotal point and thoroughly explain the present interactions between NLRP6 and tumors and any possible clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuying Tian
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiuyao Hao
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lingyu Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yinying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yunhuan Zhen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004 Guizhou, China
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15
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Immunometabolic reprogramming, another cancer hallmark. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125874. [PMID: 37275901 PMCID: PMC10235624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular carcinogenesis is a multistep process that involves acquired abnormalities in key biological processes. The complexity of cancer pathogenesis is best illustrated in the six hallmarks of the cancer: (1) the development of self-sufficient growth signals, (2) the emergence of clones that are resistant to apoptosis, (3) resistance to the antigrowth signals, (4) neo-angiogenesis, (5) the invasion of normal tissue or spread to the distant organs, and (6) limitless replicative potential. It also appears that non-resolving inflammation leads to the dysregulation of immune cell metabolism and subsequent cancer progression. The present article delineates immunometabolic reprogramming as a critical hallmark of cancer by linking chronic inflammation and immunosuppression to cancer growth and metastasis. We propose that targeting tumor immunometabolic reprogramming will lead to the design of novel immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - John H. Stewart
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
- Louisiana State University- Louisiana Children’s Medical Center, Stanley S. Scott, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
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16
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Kwantwi LB. Exosome-mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and innate immune cells: implications for cancer progression and therapeutic strategies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04833-9. [PMID: 37154928 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of cancer-associated deaths despite the substantial improvement in diagnosis and treatment has sparked discussions on the need for novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for cancer. Exosomes have become crucial players in tumor development and progression, largely due to the diverse nature of their cargo content released to recipient cells. Importantly, exosome-mediated crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells is essential in reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor progression. As a result, exosomes have gradually become a marker for the early diagnosis of many diseases and an important tool in drug delivery systems. However, the precise mechanisms by which exosomes participate in tumor progression remain elusive, multifaceted, and a double-edged sword, thus requiring further clarification. The available evidence suggests that exosomes can facilitate communication between innate immune cells and tumor cells to either support or inhibit tumor progression. Herein, this review focused on exosome-mediated intercellular communication between tumor cells and macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Specifically, how such intercellular communication affects tumor progression has been described. It has also been discussed that, depending on their cargo, exosomes can suppress or promote tumor cell progression. In addition, the potential application of exosomes and strategies to target exosomes in cancer treatment has been comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Boafo Kwantwi
- Department of Medical Imaging Sciences, Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences, Accra, DTD. TDC, 30A Klagon, Com. 19, Tema, Ghana.
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17
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Saleem HM, Ramaiah P, Gupta J, Jalil AT, Kadhim NA, Alsaikhan F, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Tayyib NA, Guo Q. Nanotechnology-empowered lung cancer therapy: From EMT role in cancer metastasis to application of nanoengineered structures for modulating growth and metastasis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:115942. [PMID: 37080268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in both males and females, and it is the first causes of cancer-related deaths. Chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy are conventional treatment of lung cancer and recently, immunotherapy has been also appeared as another therapeutic strategy for lung tumor. However, since previous treatments have not been successful in cancer therapy and improving prognosis and survival rate of lung tumor patients, new studies have focused on gene therapy and targeting underlying molecular pathways involved in lung cancer progression. Nanoparticles have been emerged in treatment of lung cancer that can mediate targeted delivery of drugs and genes. Nanoparticles protect drugs and genes against unexpected interactions in blood circulation and improve their circulation time. Nanoparticles can induce phototherapy in lung cancer ablation and mediating cell death. Nanoparticles can induce photothermal and photodynamic therapy in lung cancer. The nanostructures can impair metastasis of lung cancer and suppress EMT in improving drug sensitivity. Metastasis is one of the drawbacks observed in lung cancer that promotes migration of tumor cells and allows them to establish new colony in secondary site. EMT can occur in lung cancer and promotes tumor invasion. EMT is not certain to lung cancer and it can be observed in other human cancers, but since lung cancer has highest incidence rate, understanding EMT function in lung cancer is beneficial in improving prognosis of patients. EMT induction in lung cancer promotes tumor invasion and it can also lead to drug resistance and radio-resistance. Moreover, non-coding RNAs and pharmacological compounds can regulate EMT in lung cancer and EMT-TFs such as Twist and Slug are important modulators of lung cancer invasion that are discussed in current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Muwafaq Saleem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, AL-Anbar, Iraq.
| | | | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Pin Code 281406, UP, India
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq.
| | | | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia; Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Ecuador
| | - Nahla A Tayyib
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al- Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingdong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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18
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Zhang M, Li X, Zhang Q, Yang J, Liu G. Roles of macrophages on ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103617. [PMID: 37006260 PMCID: PMC10062481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated colorectal cancer is the most serious complication of ulcerative colitis. Long-term chronic inflammation increases the incidence of CAC in UC patients. Compared with sporadic colorectal cancer, CAC means multiple lesions, worse pathological type and worse prognosis. Macrophage is a kind of innate immune cell, which play an important role both in inflammatory response and tumor immunity. Macrophages are polarized into two phenotypes under different conditions: M1 and M2. In UC, enhanced macrophage infiltration produces a large number of inflammatory cytokines, which promote tumorigenesis of UC. M1 polarization has an anti-tumor effect after CAC formation, whereas M2 polarization promotes tumor growth. M2 polarization plays a tumor-promoting role. Some drugs have been shown to that prevent and treat CAC effectively by targeting macrophages.
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19
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Chen KQ, Ke BY, Cheng L, Yu XQ, Wang ZB, Wang SZ. Research and progress of inflammasomes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110013. [PMID: 36931172 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the social economy, unhealthy living habits and eating styles are gradually affecting people's health in recent years. As a chronic liver disease, NAFLD is deeply affected by unhealthy living habits and eating styles and has gradually become an increasingly serious public health problem. As a protein complex in clinical research, the inflammasomes play a crucial role in the development of NAFLD, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. This paper reviews the types, composition, characteristics of inflammasomes, and molecular mechanism of the inflammasome in NAFLD. Meanwhile, the paper reviews the drugs and non-drugs that target NLRP3 inflammasome in the treatment of NAFLD in the past decades. we also analyzed and summarized the related experimental models, mechanisms, and results of NAFLD. Although current therapeutic strategies for NAFLD are not effective, we expect that we will be able to find an appropriate treatment to address this problem in the future with further research on inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qian Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bo-Yi Ke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zong-Bao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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