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Kono M, Wakisaka R, Komatsuda H, Hayashi R, Kumai T, Yamaki H, Sato R, Nagato T, Ohkuri T, Kosaka A, Ohara K, Kishibe K, Kobayashi H, Hayashi T, Takahara M. Immunotherapy targeting tumor-associated antigen in a mouse model of head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2024; 46:2056-2067. [PMID: 38390628 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of epitope peptides from tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) is informative for developing tumor-specific immunotherapy. However, only a few epitopes have been detected in mouse TAAs of head and neck cancer (HNSCC). METHODS Novel mouse c-Met-derived T-cell epitopes were predicted by computer-based algorithms. Mouse HNSCC cell line-bearing mice were treated with a c-Met peptide vaccine. The effects of CD8 and/or CD4 T-cell depletion, and vaccine combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were evaluated. Tumor re-inoculation was performed to assess T-cell memory. RESULTS We identified c-Met-derived short and long epitopes that elicited c-Met-reactive antitumor CD8 and/or CD4 T-cell responses. Vaccination using these peptides showed remarkable antitumor responses via T cells in which ICIs were not required. The c-Met peptide-vaccinated mice rejected the re-inoculated tumors. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that novel c-Met peptide vaccines can induce antitumor T-cell response, and could be a potent immunotherapy in a syngeneic mouse HNSCC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihisa Kono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Risa Wakisaka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Komatsuda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Innovative Head & Neck Cancer Research and Treatment, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hidekiyo Yamaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohkuri
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akemi Kosaka
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kenzo Ohara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kan Kishibe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Innovative Head & Neck Cancer Research and Treatment, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Ai LJ, Li GD, Chen G, Sun ZQ, Zhang JN, Liu M. Molecular subtyping and the construction of a predictive model of colorectal cancer based on ion channel genes. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:219. [PMID: 38576045 PMCID: PMC10993535 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with an unfavorable prognosis. The purpose of this study was to address the heterogeneity of CRC by categorizing it into ion channel subtypes, and to develop a predictive modeling based on ion channel genes to predict the survival and immunological states of patients with CRC. The model will provide guidance for personalized immunotherapy and drug treatment. METHODS A consistent clustering method was used to classify 619 CRC samples based on the expression of 279 ion channel genes. Such a method was allowed to investigate the relationship between molecular subtypes, prognosis, and immune infiltration. Furthermore, a predictive modeling was constructed for ion channels to evaluate the ion channel properties of individual tumors using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The expression patterns of the characteristic genes were validated through molecular biology experiments. The effect of potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 9 (KCTD9) on CRC was verified by cellular functional experiments. RESULTS Four distinct ion channel subtypes were identified in CRC, each characterized by unique prognosis and immune infiltration patterns. Notably, Ion Cluster3 exhibited high levels of immune infiltration and a favorable prognosis, while Ion Cluster4 showed relatively lower levels of immune infiltration and a poorer prognosis. The ion channel score could predict overall survival, with lower scores correlated with longer survival. This score served as an independent prognostic factor and presented an excellent predictive efficacy in the nomogram. In addition, the score was closely related to immune infiltration, immunotherapy response, and chemotherapy sensitivity. Experimental evidence further confirmed that low expression of KCTD9 in tumor tissues was associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with CRC. The cellular functional experiments demonstrated that KCTD9 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of LOVO cells. CONCLUSIONS Ion channel subtyping and scoring can effectively predict the prognosis and evaluate the immune microenvironment, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Jie Ai
- Colorectal Tumor Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guo-Dong Li
- General Surgery, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gang Chen
- General Surgery, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zi-Quan Sun
- Colorectal Tumor Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin-Ning Zhang
- Colorectal Tumor Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming Liu
- General Surgery, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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3
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Xu H, Chen S, Li J, Weng S, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu L, Guo C, Xing Z, Luo P, Cheng Q, Han X, Liu Z. Cellular Ligand-Receptor Perturbations Unravel MEIS2 as a Key Factor for the Aggressive Progression and Prognosis in Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:760-774. [PMID: 38153233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 10-15% of stage II and 25-30% of stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients experience recurrence within 5 years after surgery, and existing taxonomies are insufficient to meet the needs of clinical precision treatment. Thus, robust biomarkers and precise management were urgently required to stratify stage II and III CRC and identify potential patients who will benefit from postoperative adjuvant therapy. Alongside, interactions of ligand-receptor pairs point to an emerging direction in tumor signaling with far-reaching implications for CRC, while their impact on tumor subtyping has not been elucidated. Herein, based on multiple large-sample multicenter cohorts and perturbations of the ligand-receptor interaction network, four well-characterized ligand-receptor-driven subtypes (LRDS) were established and further validated. These molecular taxonomies perform with unique heterogeneity in terms of molecular characteristics, immune and mutational landscapes, and clinical features. Specifically, MEIS2, a key LRDS4 factor, performs significant associations with proliferation, invasion, migration, and dismal prognosis of stage II/III CRC, revealing promising directions for prognostic assessment and individualized treatment of CRC patients. Overall, our study sheds novel insights into the implications of intercellular communication on stage II/III CRC from a ligand-receptor interactome perspective and revealed MEIS2 as a key factor in the aggressive progression and prognosis for stage II/III CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Tuval A, Strandgren C, Heldin A, Palomar-Siles M, Wiman KG. Pharmacological reactivation of p53 in the era of precision anticancer medicine. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:106-120. [PMID: 38102383 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
p53, which is encoded by the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, TP53, is an attractive target for novel cancer therapies. Despite major challenges associated with this approach, several compounds that either augment the activity of wild-type p53 or restore all, or some, of the wild-type functions to p53 mutants are currently being explored. In wild-type TP53 cancer cells, p53 function is often abrogated by overexpression of the negative regulator MDM2, and agents that disrupt p53-MDM2 binding can trigger a robust p53 response, albeit potentially with induction of p53 activity in non-malignant cells. In TP53-mutant cancer cells, compounds that promote the refolding of missense mutant p53 or the translational readthrough of nonsense mutant TP53 might elicit potent cell death. Some of these compounds have been, or are being, tested in clinical trials involving patients with various types of cancer. Nonetheless, no p53-targeting drug has so far been approved for clinical use. Advances in our understanding of p53 biology provide some clues as to the underlying reasons for the variable clinical activity of p53-restoring therapies seen thus far. In this Review, we discuss the intricate interactions between p53 and its cellular and microenvironmental contexts and factors that can influence p53's activity. We also propose several strategies for improving the clinical efficacy of these agents through the complex perspective of p53 functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Tuval
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Angelos Heldin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Klas G Wiman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lygre KB, Forthun RB, Høysæter T, Hjelle SM, Eide GE, Gjertsen BT, Pfeffer F, Hovland R. Assessment of postoperative circulating tumour DNA to predict early recurrence in patients with stage I-III right-sided colon cancer: prospective observational study. BJS Open 2024; 8:zrad146. [PMID: 38242575 PMCID: PMC10799327 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right-sided colon cancer (RCC) differs in mutation profile and risk of recurrence compared to distal colon cancer. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) present after surgery can identify patients with residual disease after curative surgery and predict risk of early recurrence. METHODS This is a prospective observational biomarker trial with exploration of ctDNA in 50 non-metastatic RCC patients for which oncological right-sided colectomy was performed. Blood samples were collected preoperatively, within 1 month post surgery, 3 months (not mandatory), 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. Plasma cell free DNA and/or tumour was investigated for cancer-related mutations by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel AVENIO surveillance specifically designed for ctDNA analysis. Detected mutations were quantified using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) for follow-up. Recurrence-free survival was explored. RESULTS 50 patients were recruited. Somatic cancer-related mutations were detected in 47/50 patients. ddPCR validated results from NGS for 27/34 (plasma) and 72/72 samples (tumour). Preoperative ctDNA was detected in 31/47 of the stage I/III patients and the majority of ctDNA positive patients showed reduction of ctDNA after surgery (27/31). ctDNA-positive patients at first postoperative sample had high recurrence risk compared to patients without measurable ctDNA (adjusted hazard ratio: 172.91; 95% c.i.: 8.70 to 3437.24; P: 0.001). CONCLUSION ctDNA was detectable in most patients with non-metastatic RCC before surgery. Positive postoperative ctDNA was strongly associated with early recurrence. Detectable postoperative ctDNA is a prognostic factor with high (100%) positive predictive value for recurrence in this cohort of non-metastatic RCC. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03776591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin B Lygre
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rakel B Forthun
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Section for Cancer Genomics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trude Høysæter
- Section for Cancer Genomics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigrun M Hjelle
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir E Eide
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn T Gjertsen
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Pfeffer
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Hovland
- Section for Cancer Genomics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Heczko L, Hlaváč V, Holý P, Dvořák P, Liška V, Vyčítal O, Fiala O, Souček P. Prognostic potential of whole exome sequencing in the clinical management of metachronous colorectal cancer liver metastases. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:295. [PMID: 38008721 PMCID: PMC10676609 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a highly prevalent and deadly. The most common metastatic site is the liver. We performed a whole exome sequencing analysis of a series of metachronous colorectal cancer liver metastases (mCLM) and matched non-malignant liver tissues to investigate the genomic profile of mCLM and explore associations with the patients' prognosis and therapeutic modalities. METHODS DNA samples from mCLM and non-malignant liver tissue pairs (n = 41) were sequenced using whole exome target enrichment and their germline and somatic genetic variability, copy number variations, and mutational signatures were assessed for associations with relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Our genetic analysis could stratify all patients into existing targeted therapeutic regimens. The most commonly mutated genes in mCLM were TP53, APC, and KRAS together with PIK3CA and several passenger genes like ABCA13, FAT4, PCLO, and UNC80. Patients with somatic alterations in genes from homologous recombination repair, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways had significantly prolonged RFS, while those with altered MYC pathway genes had poor RFS. Additionally, alterations in the JAK-STAT pathway were prognostic of longer OS. Patients bearing somatic variants in VIPR2 had significantly shorter OS and those with alterations in MUC16 prolonged OS. Carriage of the KRAS-12D variant was associated with shortened survival in our and external datasets. On the other hand, tumor mutation burden, mismatch repair deficiency, microsatellite instability, mutational signatures, or copy number variation in mCLM had no prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS The results encourage further molecular profiling for personalized treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases discerning metachronous from synchronous scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Heczko
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, 306 05, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Hlaváč
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, 306 05, Czech Republic
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holý
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, 306 05, Czech Republic
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dvořák
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, 306 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Liška
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, 306 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vyčítal
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, 306 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Fiala
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, 306 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Souček
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, 306 05, Czech Republic.
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Niu Y, Yang W, Qian H, Sun Y. Intracellular and extracellular factors of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: a pivotal perplex to be fully elucidated. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:341. [DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMetastasis is the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and the liver is the most common site of metastasis. Tumor cell metastasis can be thought of as an invasion-metastasis cascade and metastatic organotropism is thought to be a process that relies on the intrinsic properties of tumor cells and their interactions with molecules and cells in the microenvironment. Many studies have provided new insights into the molecular mechanism and contributing factors involved in CRC liver metastasis for a better understanding of the organ-specific metastasis process. The purpose of this review is to summarize the theories that explain CRC liver metastasis at multiple molecular dimensions (including genetic and non-genetic factors), as well as the main factors that cause CRC liver metastasis. Many findings suggest that metastasis may occur earlier than expected and with specific organ-anchoring property. The emergence of potential metastatic clones, the timing of dissemination, and the distinct routes of metastasis have been explained by genomic studies. The main force of CRC liver metastasis is also thought to be epigenetic alterations and dynamic phenotypic traits. Furthermore, we review key extrinsic factors that influence CRC cell metastasis and liver tropisms, such as pre-niches, tumor stromal cells, adhesion molecules, and immune/inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, biomarkers associated with early diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence of liver metastasis from CRC are summarized to enlighten potential clinical practice, including some markers that can be used as therapeutic targets to provide new perspectives for the treatment strategies of CRC liver metastasis.
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Genomic Amplification of UBQLN4 Is a Prognostic and Treatment Resistance Factor. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203311. [PMID: 36291176 PMCID: PMC9600423 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquilin-4 (UBQLN4) is a proteasomal shuttle factor that directly binds to ubiquitylated proteins and delivers its cargo to the 26S proteasome for degradation. We previously showed that upregulated UBQLN4 determines the DNA damage response (DDR) through the degradation of MRE11A. However, the regulatory mechanism at DNA level, transcriptionally and post-transcriptional levels that control UBQLN4 mRNA levels remains unknown. In this study, we screened 32 solid tumor types and validated our findings by immunohistochemistry analysis. UBQLN4 is upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels and the most significant values were observed in liver, breast, ovarian, lung, and esophageal cancers. Patients with high UBQLN4 mRNA levels had significantly poor prognoses in 20 of 32 cancer types. DNA amplification was identified as the main mechanism promoting UBQLN4 upregulation in multiple cancers, even in the early phases of tumor development. Using CRISPR screen datasets, UBQLN4 was identified as a common essential gene for tumor cell viability in 81.1% (860/1,060) of the solid tumor derived cell lines. Ovarian cancer cell lines with high UBQLN4 mRNA levels were platinum-based chemotherapy resistant, while they were more sensitive to poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Our findings highlight the utilities of UBQLN4 as a significant pan-cancer theranostic factor and a precision oncology biomarker for DDR-related drug resistance.
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Ottaiano A, de Vera d’Aragona RP, Trotta AM, Santorsola M, Napolitano M, Scognamiglio G, Tatangelo F, Grieco P, Zappavigna S, Granata V, Perri F, Luce A, Savarese G, Ianniello M, Casillo M, Petrillo N, Belli A, Izzo F, Nasti G, Caraglia M, Scala S. Characterization of KRAS Mutational Regression in Oligometastatic Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898561. [PMID: 35936004 PMCID: PMC9354788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWe previously reported rare regressive genetic trajectories of KRAS pathogenic mutations as a specific hallmark of the genuine oligometastatic status in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsSurvival and prognostic impact of disease extent in 140 metastatic CRC patients were evaluated through the Kaplan–Meyer curves and the Log-Rank test. KRAS mutations were assessed through the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform and TruSight™ Oncology 500 kit. HLA typing was carried out by PCR with sequence-specific oligonucleotides. Lymphocyte densities in tumors were expressed as cells per square millimeter. NKs isolated and CD8+ from NK-depleted PBMCs were characterized through flow cytometry. CD107a externalization was evaluated as NKs/CD8 cytotoxicity toward human colon cancer cells HT29, SW620, HCT116, and LS174T carrying different KRAS mutations.ResultsThe oligometastatic status was a strong and independent variable for survival (HR: 0.08 vs. polymetastatic disease; 95% CI: 0.02–0.26; p < 0.001). Eighteen oligometastatic patients were selected. Twelve were alive at the last follow-up, and 9 were characterized. Genetic regression of KRAS was observed in 3 patients: patient (PAT)2, PAT5, and PAT8. PAT2 and PAT5 presented the highest levels of GrzB+ lymphocytes in the tumor cores of the metastases (120 ± 11.2 and 132 ± 12.2 cells/mm2, respectively). Six out of 9 patients (67%), including PAT2 and PAT5, expressed HLA-C7. Twopatients (PAT2 and PAT5) presented high CD3+/CD8+-dependent cytotoxicity against HLA-C7+ SW620 cells (p.G12V-mutated cells), which was consistent with their observed mutational regression (p.G12V/p.G13D in primary→p.G13D in metastatic tumor).ConclusionsWe provide evidence that CD3+/CD8+ lymphocytes from oligometastatic CRC patients display differential cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cells carrying KRAS mutations. This could provide an interesting basis for monitoring oligometastatic disease and developing future adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Ottaiano,
| | - Roberta Penta de Vera d’Aragona
- Oncohaematology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale (A.O.R.N.) Santobono-Pausilipon di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Santorsola
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Luce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | | | | | - Marika Casillo
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Petrillo
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Belli
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
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10
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Zhang J, Ding X, Peng K, Jia Z, Yang J. Identification of biomarkers for immunotherapy response in prostate cancer and potential drugs to alleviate immunosuppression. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4839-4857. [PMID: 35680563 PMCID: PMC9217695 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy has a significant effect on the treatment of many tumor types. However, prostate cancers generally fail to show significant responses to immunotherapy owing to their immunosuppressive microenvironments. To sustain progress towards more effective immunotherapy for prostate cancer, comprehensive analyses of the genetic characteristics of the immune microenvironment and novel therapeutic strategies are required. Methods: The transcriptome profiles of patients with prostate cancer were obtained from GEO and processed with the TIDE algorithm to predict their responses to immunotherapy. Next, the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the responder and non-responder groups were identified and used to compute the co-expression modules by WGCNA. Then, co-expression networks were constructed and survival analysis was applied to hub genes. Finally, drug candidates to alleviate immunosuppression were filtered in prostate cancer using GSEA based on hub genes. Results: In total, we identified 2758 significant DEGs and constructed 16 co-expression modules, seven of which were significantly correlated with the immune response score. In total, 133 hub genes were identified, of which 13 were significantly associated with prostate cancer prognosis. Co-expression networks of hub genes were constructed with KMT2B at the center. Finally, six candidate drugs for prostate cancer immunotherapy were identified in PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. Conclusions: We obtained datasets from multiple platforms, performed integrated bioinformatic analysis to identify 133 hub genes and 13 biomarkers of an immunotherapy response, and six candidate drugs were filtered to inhibit the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, to ultimately improve patient responses to immunotherapy in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Institute of Urology, Tumor Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Zhengzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohui Ding
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Institute of Urology, Tumor Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Zhengzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kun Peng
- Department of Urology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhankui Jia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Institute of Urology, Tumor Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Zhengzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Institute of Urology, Tumor Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Zhengzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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11
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Alves JM, Prado-López S, Tomás L, Valecha M, Estévez-Gómez N, Alvariño P, Geisel D, Modest DP, Sauer IM, Pratschke J, Raschzok N, Sers C, Mamlouk S, Posada D. Clonality and timing of relapsing colorectal cancer metastasis revealed through whole-genome single-cell sequencing. Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215767. [PMID: 35688262 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence of tumor cells following local and systemic therapy is a significant hurdle in cancer. Most patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) will relapse, despite resection of the metastatic lesions. A better understanding of the evolutionary history of recurrent lesions is required to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of metastatic progression and expose the genetic and evolutionary determinants of therapeutic resistance. With this goal in mind, here we leveraged a unique single-cell whole-genome sequencing dataset from recurrent hepatic lesions of an mCRC patient. Our phylogenetic analysis confirms that the treatment induced a severe demographic bottleneck in the liver metastasis but also that a previously diverged lineage survived this surgery, possibly after migration to a different site in the liver. This lineage evolved very slowly for two years under adjuvant drug therapy and diversified again in a very short period. We identified several non-silent mutations specific to this lineage and inferred a substantial contribution of chemotherapy to the overall, genome-wide mutational burden. All in all, our study suggests that mCRC subclones can migrate locally and evade resection, keep evolving despite rounds of chemotherapy, and re-expand explosively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao M Alves
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain
| | - Sonia Prado-López
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain
| | - Laura Tomás
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain
| | - Monica Valecha
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain
| | - Nuria Estévez-Gómez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain
| | - Pilar Alvariño
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain
| | - Dominik Geisel
- Department of Radiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Paul Modest
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Sers
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soulafa Mamlouk
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - David Posada
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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12
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Li Y, Chen Z, Han J, Ma X, Zheng X, Chen J. Functional and Therapeutic Significance of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:781233. [PMID: 35186730 PMCID: PMC8847181 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.781233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its acquisition of resistance to treatment become the research hotspots. As an important component of TME, the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) regulate multiple critical oncogenic processes, namely, occurrence, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance in CRC. In this review, we have discussed the functional and therapeutic significance of TAMs in CRC. M1 macrophages act as the tumor suppressor while M2 macrophages promote CRC. The polarization of TAMs is mainly regulated by the pathways such as NFKB1 pathways, STAT3 pathways, WNT5A pathways, and PI3K pathways in CRC. Furthermore, the M2 polarization of TAMs is not only controllable but also reversible. Finally, we provide insights into the TAMs-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Han
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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