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Mi J, Wang Y, He S, Qin X, Li Z, Zhang T, Huang W, Wang R. LncRNA HOTAIRM1 promotes radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by modulating FTO acetylation-dependent alternative splicing of CD44. Neoplasia 2024; 56:101034. [PMID: 39128424 PMCID: PMC11367117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the primary treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); however, almost 20% of patients experience treatment failure due to radioresistance. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of radioresistance is imperative. HOTAIRM1 is deregulated in various human cancers, yet its role in NPC radioresistance are largely unclear. METHODS This study investigated the association between HOTAIRM1 and radioresistance using CCK8, flow cytometry, and comet assays. Additionally, xenograft mice and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models were employed to elucidate the biological functions of HOTAIRM1, and transcriptomic RNA sequencing was utilized to identify its target genes. RESULTS Our study revealed an upregulation of HOTAIRM1 levels in radioresistant NPC cell lines and tissues. Furthermore, a positive correlation was noted between high HOTAIRM1 expression and increased NPC cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and diminished cellular DNA damage following radiotherapy. HOTAIRM1 modulates the acetylation and stability of the FTO protein, and inhibiting FTO elevates the m6A methylation level of CD44 precursor transcripts in NPC cells. Additionally, silencing the m6A reading protein YTHDC1 was found to increase the expression of CD44V. HOTAIRM1 enhances NPC cell resistance to ferroptosis and irradiation through the HOTAIRM1-FTO-YTHDC1-CD44 axis. Mechanistically, HOTAIRM1 interacts with the FTO protein and induces m6A demethylation of the CD44 transcript. The absence of m6A modification in the CD44 transcript prevents its recognition by YTHDC1, resulting in the transition from CD44S to CD44V. An abundance of CD44V suppresses ferroptosis induced by irradiation and contributes to NPC radioresistance. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the results in this study support the idea that HOTAIRM1 stimulates CD44 alternative splicing via FTO-mediated demethylation, thereby attenuating ferroptosis induced by irradiation and promoting NPC radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Mi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumors (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumors (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Siyi He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumors (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xinling Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumors (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Zhixun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumors (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumors (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Weimei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumors (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumors (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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Li Z, Lin Y, Qiu T, Liang J, Lan Y, Meng F, Liang C, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Shi D, Zhang C, Shi Y, Liu L, Yang Y, Zhang J. Noninvasive Photothermal Therapy of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Guided by High Efficiency Optical-Absorption Nanomaterial Enhanced by NIR-II Photoacoustic Imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7817-7830. [PMID: 39099790 PMCID: PMC11298190 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s457069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Photothermal therapy (PTT) guided by photoacoustic imaging (PAI) using nanoplatforms has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment due to its efficiency and accuracy. This study aimed to develop and synthesize novel second near-infrared region (NIR-II) absorption-conjugated polymer acceptor acrylate-substituted thiadiazoloquinoxaline-diketopyrrolopyrrole polymers (PATQ-DPP) designed specifically as photothermal and imaging contrast agents for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods The PATQ-DPP nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized for their optical properties, including low optical band gaps. Their potential as PTT agents and imaging contrast agents for NPC was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The accumulation of nanoparticles at tumor sites was assessed post-injection, and the efficacy of PTT under near-infrared laser irradiation was investigated in a mouse model of NPC. Results Experimental results indicated that the PATQ-DPP nanoparticles exhibited significant photoacoustic contrast enhancement and favorable PTT performance. Safety and non-toxicity evaluations confirmed the biocompatibility of these nanoparticles. In vivo studies showed that PATQ-DPP nanoparticles effectively accumulated at NPC tumor sites and demonstrated excellent tumor growth inhibition upon exposure to near-infrared laser irradiation. Notably, complete elimination of nasopharyngeal tumors was observed within 18 days following PTT. Discussion The findings suggest that PATQ-DPP nanoparticles are a promising theranostic agent for NIR-II PAI and PTT of tumors. This innovative approach utilizing PATQ-DPP nanoparticles provides a powerful tool for the early diagnosis and precise treatment of NPC, offering a new avenue in the management of this challenging malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Li
- Department of Radiology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, DongGuan, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Lin
- Department of Radiology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, DongGuan, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Liang
- Department of Radiology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, DongGuan, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yintao Lan
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Meng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaohao Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Department of Radiology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, DongGuan, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Shi
- Department of Radiology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, DongGuan, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, DongGuan, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Department of Radiology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, DongGuan, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liujun Liu
- Department of Radiology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, DongGuan, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlan Yang
- Department of Radiology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, DongGuan, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511500, People’s Republic of China
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Menjivar NG, Oropallo J, Gebremedhn S, Souza LA, Gad A, Puttlitz CM, Tesfaye D. MicroRNA Nano-Shuttles: Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as a Cutting-Edge Biotechnology Platform for Clinical Use in Therapeutics. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:14. [PMID: 38773366 PMCID: PMC11106895 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous transporters of various active biomolecules with inflicting phenotypic capabilities, that are naturally secreted by almost all cells with a promising vantage point as a potential leading drug delivery platform. The intrinsic characteristics of their low toxicity, superior structural stability, and cargo loading capacity continue to fuel a multitude of research avenues dedicated to loading EVs with therapeutic and diagnostic cargos (pharmaceutical compounds, nucleic acids, proteins, and nanomaterials) in attempts to generate superior natural nanoscale delivery systems for clinical application in therapeutics. In addition to their well-known role in intercellular communication, EVs harbor microRNAs (miRNAs), which can alter the translational potential of receiving cells and thus act as important mediators in numerous biological and pathological processes. To leverage this potential, EVs can be structurally engineered to shuttle therapeutic miRNAs to diseased recipient cells as a potential targeted 'treatment' or 'therapy'. Herein, this review focuses on the therapeutic potential of EV-coupled miRNAs; summarizing the biogenesis, contents, and function of EVs, as well as providing both a comprehensive discussion of current EV loading techniques and an update on miRNA-engineered EVs as a next-generation platform piloting benchtop studies to propel potential clinical translation on the forefront of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico G Menjivar
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jaiden Oropallo
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory (OBRL), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Orthopaedic Research Center (ORC), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- J.R. Simplot Company, 1099 W. Front St, Boise, ID, 83702, USA
| | - Luca A Souza
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, 225 Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Ahmed Gad
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Christian M Puttlitz
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory (OBRL), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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4
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He S, Zhao Z. Genetically engineered cell-derived nanovesicles for cancer immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8317-8334. [PMID: 38592744 PMCID: PMC11075450 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy has marked a new epoch in cancer treatment, presenting substantial clinical benefits. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as natural nanocarriers, can deliver biologically active agents in cancer therapy with their inherent biocompatibility and negligible immunogenicity. However, natural EVs have limitations such as inadequate targeting capability, low loading efficacy, and unpredictable side effects. Through progress in genetic engineering, EVs have been modified for enhanced delivery of immunomodulatory agents and antigen presentation with specific cancer targeting ability, deepening the role of EVs in cancer immunotherapy. This review briefly describes typical EV sources, isolation methods, and adjustable targeting of EVs. Furthermore, this review highlights the genetic engineering strategies developed for delivering immunomodulatory agents and antigen presentation in EV-based systems. The prospects and challenges of genetically engineered EVs as cancer immunotherapy in clinical translation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Translational Oncology Program, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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5
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Erana-Perez Z, Igartua M, Santos-Vizcaino E, Hernandez RM. Genetically engineered loaded extracellular vesicles for drug delivery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:350-365. [PMID: 38508958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for drug delivery is being widely explored by scientists from several research fields. To fully exploit their therapeutic potential, multiple methods for loading EVs have been developed. Although exogenous methods have been extensively utilized, in recent years the endogenous method has gained significant attention. This approach, based on parental cell genetic engineering, is suitable for loading large therapeutic biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. We review the most commonly used EV loading methods and emphasize the inherent advantages of the endogenous method over the others. We also examine the most recent advances and applications of this innovative approach to inform on the diverse therapeutic opportunities that lie ahead in the field of EV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuriñe Erana-Perez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Chak PT, Kam NW, Choi TH, Dai W, Kwong DLW. Unfolding the Complexity of Exosome-Cellular Interactions on Tumour Immunity and Their Clinical Prospects in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:919. [PMID: 38473281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy situated in the posterolateral nasopharynx. NPC poses grave concerns in Southeast Asia due to its late diagnosis. Together with resistance to standard treatment combining chemo- and radiotherapy, NPC presents high metastatic rates and common recurrence. Despite advancements in immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes (CTLs)-based cellular therapy, the exhaustive T cell profile and other signs of immunosuppression within the NPC tumour microenvironment (TME) remain as concerns to immunotherapy response. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter, are increasingly studied and linked to tumourigenesis in oncology. These bilipid-membrane-bound vesicles are packaged with a variety of signalling molecules, mediating cell-cell communications. Within the TME, exosomes can originate from tumour, immune, or stromal cells. Although there are studies on tumour-derived exosomes (TEX) in NPC and their effects on tumour processes like angiogenesis, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, there is a lack of research on their involvement in immune evasion. In this review, we aim to enhance the comprehension of how NPC TEX contribute to cellular immunosuppression. Furthermore, considering the detectability of TEX in bodily fluids, we will also discuss the potential development of TEX-related biomarkers for liquid biopsy in NPC as this could facilitate early diagnosis and prognostication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paak-Ting Chak
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ngar-Woon Kam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tsz-Ho Choi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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7
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Zhang J, Huang D, Lan X, Deng D, Li J, Zhang D, Li Y, Zhong T, Peng S. Application of small extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1100941. [PMID: 36968209 PMCID: PMC10036369 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. The disease is insidious, and most patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage, resulting in poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is important to reduce NPC mortality. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are rich in a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which can participate in the physiological and pathological regulation of the body by affecting the function of target cells. Numerous studies have shown that some RNAs and proteins in sEVs of tumor origin have a key role in the development of NPC and are potential candidates for malignancy detection. Studying the relationship between the cargoes of these sEVs and NPC may help in the diagnosis of the disease. Here in this review, we summarize the application of sEVs as biomarkers in the diagnosis of NPC and their role in NPC metastasis and prognosis. In addition, we discuss possible future applications and limitations of sEVs as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Defa Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xianbin Lan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Dongming Deng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jijing Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong, ; Shaoping Peng,
| | - Shaoping Peng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong, ; Shaoping Peng,
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Xu L, Zou C, Zhang S, Chu TSM, Zhang Y, Chen W, Zhao C, Yang L, Xu Z, Dong S, Yu H, Li B, Guan X, Hou Y, Kong FM. Reshaping the systemic tumor immune environment (STIE) and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in solid tumors. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:87. [PMID: 35799264 PMCID: PMC9264569 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of combination immunotherapy based on the mediation of regulatory mechanisms of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is promising. However, a deep understanding of tumor immunology must involve the systemic tumor immune environment (STIE) which was merely illustrated previously. Here, we aim to review recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics for the studies of STIE, TIME, and their interactions, which may reveal heterogeneity in immunotherapy responses as well as the dynamic changes essential for the treatment effect. We review the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies related to TIME, STIE, and their significance on overall survival, through different immunomodulatory pathways, such as metabolic and neuro-immunological pathways. We also evaluate the significance of the STIE, TIME, and their interactions as well as changes after local radiotherapy and systemic immunotherapy or combined immunotherapy. We focus our review on the evidence of lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, aiming to reshape STIE and TIME to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Education Ministry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life and Marine Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Timothy Shun Man Chu
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caining Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Bo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, Guangdong, 528200, China.
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Feng-Ming Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Shan Y, Zhou P, Zhou Q, Yang L. Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression and Therapeutic Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2289. [PMID: 35565418 PMCID: PMC9101631 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy largely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which is frequently reported in east and southeast Asia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originate from the endosome or plasma membrane, which plays a critical role in tumor pathogenesis for their character of cell-cell communication and its cargos, including proteins, RNA, and other molecules that can target recipient cells and affect their progression. To date, numerous studies have indicated that EVs have crucial significance in the progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of NPC. In this review, we not only summarize the interaction of NPC cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) through EVs, but also explain the role of EVs in radiation and drug resistance of NPC, which poses a severe threat to cancer therapy. Therefore, EVs may show great potential as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of interfered targets of NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Shan
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Peijun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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