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Zhou R, Lu D, Mi J, Wang C, Lu W, Wang Z, Li X, Wei C, Zhang H, Ji J, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Wang F. Disulfidptosis-related genes serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and indicate tumor microenvironment characteristics and immunotherapy response in prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14107. [PMID: 38898043 PMCID: PMC11187134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Disulfidptosis, a newly identified programmed cell death pathway in prostate cancer (PCa), is closely associated with intracellular disulfide stress and glycolysis. This study aims to elucidate the roles of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in the pathogenesis and progression of PCa, with the goal of improving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We analyzed PCa datasets and normal tissue transcriptome data from TCGA, GEO, and MSKCC. Using consensus clustering analysis and LASSO regression, we developed a risk scoring model, which was validated in an independent cohort. The model's predictive accuracy was confirmed through Kaplan-Meier curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and nomograms. Additionally, we explored the relationship between the risk score and immune cell infiltration, and examined the tumor microenvironment and somatic mutations across different risk groups. We also investigated responses to immunotherapy and drug sensitivity. Our analysis identified two disulfidosis subtypes with significant differences in survival, immune environments, and treatment responses. According to our risk score, the high-risk group exhibited poorer progression-free survival (PFS) and higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), associated with increased immune suppression. Functional enrichment analysis linked high-risk features to key cancer pathways, including the IL-17 signaling pathway. Moreover, drug sensitivity analysis revealed varied responses to chemotherapy, suggesting the potential for disulfidosis-based personalized treatment strategies. Notably, we identified PROK1 as a crucial prognostic marker in PCa, with its reduced expression correlating with disease progression. In summary, our study comprehensively assessed the clinical implications of DRGs in PCa progression and prognosis, offering vital insights for tailored precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dingjin Lu
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Beihai, Beihai, 536000, Guangxi, China
| | - Junhao Mi
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chengbang Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenhao Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zuheng Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunmeng Wei
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin Ji
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Urology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical Univiersiy, 338 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical Univiersiy, 338 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Duobing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 616 The Third Bianyang Road, Yongqiao District, Suzhou, 234000, Anhui, China.
| | - Fubo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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2
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Jian J, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhou C, Hou X, Huang Y, Hou J, Lin Y, Wei X. Molecular landscape for risk prediction and personalized therapeutics of castration-resistant prostate cancer: at a glance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1360430. [PMID: 38887275 PMCID: PMC11180744 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1360430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is commonly occurred with high incidence in men worldwide, and many patients will be eventually suffered from the dilemma of castration-resistance with the time of disease progression. Castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) is an advanced subtype of PCa with heterogeneous carcinogenesis, resulting in poor prognosis and difficulties in therapy. Currently, disorders in androgen receptor (AR)-related signaling are widely acknowledged as the leading cause of CRPC development, and some non-AR-based strategies are also proposed for CRPC clinical analyses. The initiation of CRPC is a consequence of abnormal interaction and regulation among molecules and pathways at multi-biological levels. In this study, CRPC-associated genes, RNAs, proteins, and metabolites were manually collected and integrated by a comprehensive literature review, and they were functionally classified and compared based on the role during CRPC evolution, i.e., drivers, suppressors, and biomarkers, etc. Finally, translational perspectives for data-driven and artificial intelligence-powered CRPC systems biology analysis were discussed to highlight the significance of novel molecule-based approaches for CRPC precision medicine and holistic healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Jian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin’an Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenchao Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorui Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuedong Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Ainslie RJ, Simitsidellis I, Kirkwood PM, Gibson DA. RISING STARS: Androgens and immune cell function. J Endocrinol 2024; 261:e230398. [PMID: 38579776 PMCID: PMC11103679 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Androgens can modulate immune cell function and may contribute to differences in the prevalence and severity of common inflammatory conditions. Although most immune cells are androgen targets, our understanding of how changes in androgen bioavailability can affect immune responses is incomplete. Androgens alter immune cell composition, phenotype, and activation by modulating the expression and secretion of inflammatory mediators or by altering the development and maturation of immune cell precursors. Androgens are generally associated with having suppressive effects on the immune system, but their impacts are cell and tissue context-dependent and can be highly nuanced even within immune cell subsets. In response to androgens, innate immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages increase the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decrease nitric oxide production. Androgens promote the differentiation of T cell subsets and reduce the production of inflammatory mediators, such as IFNG, IL-4 and IL-5. Additionally, androgens/androgen receptor can promote the maturation of B cells. Thus, androgens can be considered as immunomodulatory agents, but further work is required to understand the precise molecular pathways that are regulated at the intersection between endocrine and inflammatory signals. This narrative review focusses on summarising our current understanding of how androgens can alter immune cell function and how this might affect inflammatory responses in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Ainslie
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Simitsidellis
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe M Kirkwood
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas A Gibson
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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4
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Maghsoudi H, Sheikhnia F, Sitarek P, Hajmalek N, Hassani S, Rashidi V, Khodagholi S, Mir SM, Malekinejad F, Kheradmand F, Ghorbanpour M, Ghasemzadeh N, Kowalczyk T. The Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Roles of NSAIDs in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5435. [PMID: 38001694 PMCID: PMC10670652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common type of cancer and the leading cause of death among men worldwide. Preventing the progression of cancer after treatments such as radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy is a major concern faced by prostate cancer patients. Inflammation, which can be caused by various factors such as infections, the microbiome, obesity and a high-fat diet, is considered to be the main cause of PC. Inflammatory cells are believed to play a crucial role in tumor progression. Therefore, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs along with their effects on the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, can prevent cancer and its progression by suppressing various inflammatory pathways. Recent evidence shows that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the different pathways through which these drugs exert their potential preventive and therapeutic effects on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Maghsoudi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (H.M.); (F.S.); (V.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Farhad Sheikhnia
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (H.M.); (F.S.); (V.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Nooshin Hajmalek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47754, Iran;
| | - Sepideh Hassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Vahid Rashidi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (H.M.); (F.S.); (V.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Sadaf Khodagholi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mir
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49189-36316, Iran;
| | - Faezeh Malekinejad
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (H.M.); (F.S.); (V.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Fatemeh Kheradmand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-88349, Iran;
| | - Navid Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
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5
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Li W, Li D, Ma Q, Chen Y, Hu Z, Bai Y, Xie L. Targeted inhibition of mTOR by BML-275 induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in prostate cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176035. [PMID: 37657741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of death in Western countries. Clinically, screening drugs and develop developing new therapeutics to treat PCa is of great significance. In this study, BML-275 was demonstrated to exert potent antitumor effects in PCa by antagonizing mTOR activity. In cultured PCa cells, BML-275 treatment reduced the expression levels of c-Myc and survivin, promoted the activation of p53, and thereby induced p21/cyclin D1/CDK4/6-dependent cell cycle G1/S arrest. As a result, BML-275 inhibited cellular proliferation and induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. In addition, BML-275 treatment triggered autophagy. Interestingly, EACC-mediated suppression of autophagy did not affect BML-275-induced proliferation and apoptosis. Nude mouse tumorigenic experiments also confirmed that BML-275 inhibited PCa growth, induced PCa cell apoptosis and autophagy. Mechanistically, the activities of PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways were downregulated by BML-275 treatment in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, mTOR, a common downstream negative protein of PI3K/AKT and AMPK signaling, was induced to inactivate, which may be associated with the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. The pharmacological activation of mTOR by MHY1485 abolished the induction of apoptosis and autophagy of BML-275. Molecular docking results showed that BML-275 can bind to the FKRP12-rapamycin binding site on mTOR protein, and thereby may have the same inhibitory activity on mTOR as rapamycin. Thus, these findings indicated that BML-275 induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in PCa by targeting mTOR inhibition. BML-275 may be a potential candidate for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjian Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Department of Urology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312030, China
| | - Dongzhang Li
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312030, China
| | - Quan Ma
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312030, China
| | - Yongliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zujian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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6
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Mao J, Feng Y, Zhu X, Ma F. The Molecular Mechanisms of HLA-G Regulatory Function on Immune Cells during Early Pregnancy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1213. [PMID: 37627278 PMCID: PMC10452754 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical human major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecule with the membrane-bound and soluble types. HLA-G is primarily expressed by extravillous cytotrophoblast cells located at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy and is essential in establishing immune tolerance. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the multiple molecular mechanisms by which HLA-G regulates the immune function of NK cells. It highlights that HLA-G binds to microRNA to suppress NK cell cytotoxicity and stimulate the secretion of growth factors to support fetal growth. The interactions between HLA-G and NK cells also activate senescence signaling, promoting spiral artery remodeling and maintaining the balance of maternal-fetal immune responses. In addition, HLA-G can inhibit the function of decidual T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Overall, the interaction between trophoblast cells and immune cells mediated by HLA-G plays a crucial role in understanding immune regulation at the maternal-fetal interface and offers insights into potential treatments for pregnancy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Mao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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7
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Peng G, Wang C, Wang H, Qu M, Dong K, Yu Y, Jiang Y, Gan S, Gao X. Gankyrin-mediated interaction between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages facilitates prostate cancer progression and androgen deprivation therapy resistance. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2173422. [PMID: 36776524 PMCID: PMC9908295 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2173422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence reveals that the interaction between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitates the progression of prostate cancer, but the related mechanisms remained unclear. This study determined how gankyrin, a component of the 19S regulatory complex of the 26S proteasome, regulates the progression and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) resistance of prostate cancer through tumor cell-TAM interactions. In vitro functional experiments and in vivo subcutaneous tumor models were used to explore the biological role and molecular mechanisms of gankyrin in prostate cancer cell-TAM interactions. 234 prostate cancer patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts to examine the prognostic value of gankyrin through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and statistical analyses, and high gankyrin expression was correlated with poor prognosis. In addition, gankyrin facilitated the progression and ADT resistance of prostate cancer. Mechanistically, gankyrin recruited and upregulated non-POU-domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) expression, resulting in increased androgen receptor (AR) expression. AR then bound to the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) promoter to trigger HMGB1 transcription, expression, and secretion. Moreover, HMGB1 was found to promote the recruitment and activation of TAMs, which secrete IL-6 to reciprocally promote prostate cancer progression, ADT resistance and gankyrin expression via STAT3, resulting in formation of a gankyrin/NONO/AR/HMGB1/IL-6/STAT3 positive feedback loop. Furthermore, targeting the interaction between tumor cells and TAMs by blocking this loop inhibited ADT resistance in a tumor xenograft model. Taken together, the data show that gankyrin serves as a reliable prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Peng
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China,Department of Orthopedic, Joint Logistic Support Force No. 925 Hospital of PLA, Guiyang, China,Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Chao Wang (Main corresponding author) Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Hongru Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Min Qu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keqin Dong
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA general hospital of central theater command, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongwei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuquan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic, Joint Logistic Support Force No. 925 Hospital of PLA, Guiyang, China,Central Lab of Joint Logistic Support Force No. 925 Hospital of PLA, Guiyang, China,Yuquan Jiang Department of Orthopedic Central Lab of Joint Logistic Support Force No. 925 Hospital of PLA, Guiyang, China
| | - Sishun Gan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), Shanghai, China,Sishun Gan Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,Gao Xu Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Guo K, Liu C, Shi J, Lai C, Gao Z, Luo J, Li Z, Tang Z, Li K, Xu K. HMMR promotes prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis via AURKA/mTORC2/E2F1 positive feedback loop. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:48. [PMID: 36750558 PMCID: PMC9905489 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Although dysregulated HMMR is linked to prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we sought to elucidate the role of HMMR in PCa progression as well as underlying mechanism. Herein, we found that upregulation of HMMR frequently observed in PCa samples and was associated with poor prognosis. Additionally, HMMR significantly promoted PCa proliferation and metastasis through gain- and loss-of function approaches in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HMMR may interact with AURKA and elevated AURKA protein level through inhibiting ubiquitination-mediated degradation, which subsequently activated mTORC2/AKT pathway to ensure the reinforcement of PCa progression. Moreover, upregulated E2F1 caused from sustained activation of mTORC2/AKT pathway in turn function as transcription factor to promote HMMR transcription, thereby forming a positive feedback loop to trigger PCa progression. Importantly, administration of the mTOR inhibitor partially antagonised HMMR-mediated PCa progression in vivo. In summary, we not only reveal a novel possible post-translation mechanism mediated by HMMR involved in AURKA regulation, but also describe a positive feedback loop that contributes to PCa deterioration, suggesting HMMR may serve as a potential promising therapeutic target in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Guo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Juanyi Shi
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Cong Lai
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Ze Gao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Luo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zhuohang Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Tang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China ,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Kuiqing Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Kewei Xu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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9
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Fei H, Chen X. Development of a novel five-gene immune-related risk model for the prognosis evaluation of prostate adenocarcinoma patients. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2337-2349. [PMID: 35693084 PMCID: PMC9185615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the immune cells and the host immune system with the tumor cells is significantly associated with the initiation and progression of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), whereas the application of immune-related genes (IRGs) for the prognosis evaluation of PRAD patients is still lacking. In this study, we aimed to identify IRGs with prognostic values and to develop a clinically effective risk model. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and univariate Cox analysis were applied to identify the differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) related to the survival of PRAD patients. The Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was performed to identify the independent prognostic DEIRGs and to establish an immune risk score prognostic model. The reliability and veracity of the prognostic model were validated in PRAD patients from the internal cohort (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA dataset) and the external cohort (International Cancer Genome Consortium, ICGC dataset), respectively. Six of the 193 identified DEIRGs were survival-associated in PRAD patients. Five prognostic DEIRGs (SLPI, NOX1, DES, BIRC5 and AMH) were selected to construct the immune-related prognostic model with optimal robustness. In the 2 independent cohorts we chose, PRAD patients could be effectively stratified according to our risk model. Patients with high risk scores had worse survival. Clinical correlation analysis proved that the risk score was associated with advanced clinicopathologic features. Multivariate analysis indicated that the risk model was an independent prognostic indicator. We also established a nomogram based on the risk score model for clinical application. Additionally, the risk score model was correlated with immune cell infiltration and reflected the status of the immune microenvironment. The prognostic value of the five immune-related genes used in the prognostic model was also validated. Our immune-related prognostic model was an effective tool that could not only serve as a predictor for prognosis, but also provide potential prognostic and therapeutic molecular biomarkers for optimizing personalized therapies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Fei
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiongming Chen
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030, China
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10
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Gao WQ. The evolving role of immune cells in prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:9-21. [PMID: 34715253 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in western countries. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered the standard therapy for recurrent prostate cancer; however, this therapy may lead to ADT resistance and tumor progression, which seems to be regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and/or neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). In addition, recent data suggested the involvement of either adaptive or innate infiltrated immune cells in the initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment of prostate cancer. In this review, we outlined the characteristics and roles of these immune cells in the initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatments of prostate cancer. We also summarized the current therapeutic strategies in targeting immune cells of the prostate tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China; Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China; Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China.
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11
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Emadi E, Khoradmehr A, Shams A, Kalantar SM. Appropriate fixative for MEM-G/9 staining of cultured human HLA-G-positive JEG-3 trophoblast tumor cells. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:136-142. [PMID: 33910426 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1916837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA-G) participates in immunosuppression and is useful for prenatal diagnostics. Isolation of fetal cells positive for HLA-G by HLA-G antibody conjugated nanoparticles from the cervix of pregnant women is the basis for non-invasive prenatal testing. Endocervical specimens are fixed in transport medium before isolation using antibody conjugated nanoparticles. Staining of HLA-G using MEM-G/9 antibody, however, is restricted to unfixed cells. We investigated the effect of several fixatives on the interaction of HLA-G with MEM-G/9 in the HLA-G-positive cell line, JEG-3. We investigated absolute methanol, 1:1 acetate buffer:methanol, Pap solution and paraformaldehyde. The effects of these fixatives were evaluated using immunofluorescence. We found no MEM-G/9 surface staining of methanol fixed cells. Approximately 40% of JEG-3 cells fixed with paraformaldehyde failed to stain. Nearly all cells were stained with MEM-G/9 following fixation with acetate buffer:methanol or Pap solution. Our findings indicate the importance of using an appropriate fixative for preserving HLA-G cell surface antigen for studies using the MEM-G/9 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Emadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Sciences Center Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Shams
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Kalantar
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Research & Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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12
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Zhang X, Lin A, Han QY, Zhang JG, Chen QY, Ye YH, Zhou WJ, Xu HH, Gan J, Yan WH. Intratumor Heterogeneity of HLA-G Expression in Cancer Lesions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565759. [PMID: 33329527 PMCID: PMC7717930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathway between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G and immune inhibitory receptors immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)-2/4 has been acknowledged as one of immune checkpoints, and as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Like other immune checkpoints, inter- and even intratumor heterogeneity of HLA-G could render a rather complexity for HLA-G-target immunotherapy. However, little information for intratumor heterogeneity of HLA-G is available. In this study, HLA-G expression in a serial section of colorectal cancer (CRC) lesions from three CRC patients (each sample with serial section of 50 slides, 10 randomized slides for each antibody), three different locations within a same sample (five CRC), and three case-matched blocks that each includes 36 esophageal cancer samples, were evaluated with immunohistochemistry using anti-HLA-G antibodies (mAbs 4H84, MEM-G/1 and MEM-G/2 probing for all denatured HLA-G isoforms, 5A6G7, and 2A12 probing for denatured HLA-G5 and HLA-G6 isoforms). Our results revealed that, in addition to the frequently observed inter-tumor heterogeneity, intratumor heterogeneous expression of HLA-G is common in different areas within a tumor in CRC and esophageal cancer samples included in this study. Moreover, percentage of HLA-G expression probed with different anti-HLA-G antibodies also varies dramatically within a tumor. Given HLA-G has been considered as an important immune checkpoint, intratumor heterogeneity of HLA-G expression, and different specificity of anti-HLA-G antibodies being used among studies, interpretation and clinical significance of HLA-G expression in cancers should be with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Biological Resource Center, TaiZhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), LinHai, China
| | - Aifen Lin
- Biological Resource Center, TaiZhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), LinHai, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Han
- Biological Resource Center, TaiZhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), LinHai, China
| | - Jian-Gang Zhang
- Biological Resource Center, TaiZhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), LinHai, China
| | - Qiong-Yuan Chen
- Biological Resource Center, TaiZhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), LinHai, China
| | - Yao-Han Ye
- Biological Resource Center, TaiZhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), LinHai, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Biological Resource Center, TaiZhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), LinHai, China
| | - Hui-Hui Xu
- Medical Research Center, TaiZhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), LinHai, China
| | - Jun Gan
- Medical Research Center, TaiZhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), LinHai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yan
- Medical Research Center, TaiZhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), LinHai, China
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13
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Contini P, Murdaca G, Puppo F, Negrini S. HLA-G Expressing Immune Cells in Immune Mediated Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1613. [PMID: 32983083 PMCID: PMC7484697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is a HLA class Ib antigen that possesses immunomodulatory properties. HLA-G-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells with immunoregulatory functions are present in small percentages of patients with physiologic conditions. Quantitative and qualitative derangements of HLA-G+ immune cells have been detected in several conditions in which the immune system plays an important role, such as infectious, neoplastic, and autoimmune diseases as well as in complications from transplants and pregnancy. These observations strongly support the hypothesis that HLA-G+ immune cells may be implicated in the complex mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Contini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Puppo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Negrini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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14
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Henze L, Schwinge D, Schramm C. The Effects of Androgens on T Cells: Clues to Female Predominance in Autoimmune Liver Diseases? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1567. [PMID: 32849531 PMCID: PMC7403493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system responds differently in women and in men. Generally speaking, adult females show stronger innate and adaptive immune responses than males. This results in lower risk of developing most of the infectious diseases and a better ability to clear viral infection in women (1–5). On the other hand, women are at increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases (AID) such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, and the autoimmune liver diseases autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) (6). Factors contributing to the female sex bias in autoimmune diseases include environmental exposure, e.g., microbiome, behavior, and genetics including X chromosomal inactivation of genes. Several lines of evidence and clinical observations clearly indicate that sex hormones contribute significantly to disease pathogenesis, and the role of estrogen in autoimmune diseases has been extensively studied. In many of these diseases, including the autoimmune liver diseases, T cells are thought to play an important pathogenetic role. We will use this mini-review to focus on the effects of androgens on T cells and how the two major androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases (AILD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Henze
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schwinge
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Jørgensen N, Persson G, Hviid TVF. The Tolerogenic Function of Regulatory T Cells in Pregnancy and Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:911. [PMID: 31134056 PMCID: PMC6517506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells, a subpopulation of suppressive T cells, are potent mediators of self-tolerance and essential for the suppression of triggered immune responses. The immune modulating capacity of these cells play a major role in both transplantation, autoimmune disease, allergy, cancer and pregnancy. During pregnancy, low numbers of regulatory T cells are associated with pregnancy failure and pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia. On the other hand, in cancer, low numbers of immunosuppressive T cells are correlated with better prognosis. Hence, maternal immune tolerance toward the fetus during pregnancy and the escape from host immunosurveillance by cancer seem to be based on similar immunological mechanisms being highly dependent on the balance between immune activation and suppression. As regulatory T cells hold a crucial role in several biological processes, they may also be promising subjects for therapeutic use. Especially in the field of cancer, cell therapy and checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated that immune-based therapies have a very promising potential in treatment of human malignancies. However, these therapies are often accompanied by adverse autoimmune side effects. Therefore, expanding the knowledge to recognize the complexities of immune regulation pathways shared across different immunological scenarios is extremely important in order to improve and develop new strategies for immune-based therapy. The intent of this review is to highlight the functional characteristics of regulatory T cells in the context of mechanisms of immune regulation in pregnancy and cancer, and how manipulation of these mechanisms potentially may improve therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Vauvert F. Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), The ReproHealth Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Berral-Gonzalez A, Riffo-Campos AL, Ayala G. OMICfpp: a fuzzy approach for paired RNA-Seq counts. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:259. [PMID: 30940089 PMCID: PMC6444640 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA sequencing is a widely used technology for differential expression analysis. However, the RNA-Seq do not provide accurate absolute measurements and the results can be different for each pipeline used. The major problem in statistical analysis of RNA-Seq and in the omics data in general, is the small sample size with respect to the large number of variables. In addition, experimental design must be taken into account and few tools consider it. RESULTS We propose OMICfpp, a method for the statistical analysis of RNA-Seq paired design data. First, we obtain a p-value for each case-control pair using a binomial test. These p-values are aggregated using an ordered weighted average (OWA) with a given orness previously chosen. The aggregated p-value from the original data is compared with the aggregated p-value obtained using the same method applied to random pairs. These new pairs are generated using between-pairs and complete randomization distributions. This randomization p-value is used as a raw p-value to test the differential expression of each gene. The OMICfpp method is evaluated using public data sets of 68 sample pairs from patients with colorectal cancer. We validate our results through bibliographic search of the reported genes and using simulated data set. Furthermore, we compared our results with those obtained by the methods edgeR and DESeq2 for paired samples. Finally, we propose new target genes to validate these as gene expression signatures in colorectal cancer. OMICfpp is available at http://www.uv.es/ayala/software/OMICfpp_0.2.tar.gz . CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that OMICfpp is an accurate method for differential expression analysis in RNA-Seq data with paired design. In addition, we propose the use of randomized p-values pattern graphic as a powerful and robust method to select the target genes for experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berral-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Investigación Bioinformática y Genómica Funcional. Laboratorio 19. Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CiC-IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Universitario Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, 37007 Spain
| | - Angela L. Riffo-Campos
- Universidad de La Frontera. Centro De Excelencia de Modelación y Computación Científica, C/ Montevideo 740, Temuco, Chile
| | - Guillermo Ayala
- Universidad de Valencia. Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, 1, Burjasot, 46100 Spain
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17
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Wang Y, Qin H. miR-338-3p targets RAB23 and suppresses tumorigenicity of prostate cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2564-2574. [PMID: 30662812 PMCID: PMC6325485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) has been implicated in several cancers; however, its role in human prostate cancer remains unknown. In this study, we observed downregulation of miR-338-3p in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Forced expression of miR-338-3p suppressed prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, while apoptosis was induced. Further experiments revealed that RAB23 is a target of miR-338-3p because miR-338-3p bound directly to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of RAB23 mRNA, thereby reducing both the mRNA and protein levels of RAB23. Reintroduction of RAB23 attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-338-3p on proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. In clinical samples, miR-338-3p levels negatively correlated with RAB23 expression, which was upregulated in prostate cancer. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-338-3p acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer by directly targeting RAB23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalShanghai 200031, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
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