1
|
Wang W, Li J, Cui S, Li J, Ye X, Wang Z, Zhang T, Jiang X, Kong Y, Chen X, Chen YQ, Zhu S. Microglial Ffar4 deficiency promotes cognitive impairment in the context of metabolic syndrome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7813. [PMID: 38306420 PMCID: PMC10836723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely associated with an increased risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, and a complex interaction of genetic and environmental dietary factors may be implicated. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (Ffar4) may bridge the genetic and dietary aspects of MetS development. However, the role of Ffar4 in MetS-related cognitive dysfunction is unclear. In this study, we found that Ffar4 expression is down-regulated in MetS mice and MetS patients with cognitive impairment. Conventional and microglial conditional knockout of Ffar4 exacerbated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive dysfunction and anxiety, whereas microglial Ffar4 overexpression improved HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction and anxiety. Mechanistically, we found that microglial Ffar4 regulated microglial activation through type I interferon signaling. Microglial depletion and NF-κB inhibition partially reversed cognitive dysfunction and anxiety in microglia-specific Ffar4 knockout MetS mice. Together, these findings uncover a previously unappreciated role of Ffar4 in negatively regulating the NF-κB-IFN-β signaling and provide an attractive therapeutic target for delaying MetS-associated cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Jinyou Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xianlong Ye
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yulin Kong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Perez RE, Saleiro D, Ilut L, Schiltz GE, Eckerdt F, Fish EN, Platanias LC. Regulation of IFNα-induced expression of the short ACE2 isoform by ULK1. Mol Immunol 2022; 147:1-9. [PMID: 35489289 PMCID: PMC9045748 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to hijack angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entry into mammalian cells. A short isoform of ACE2, termed deltaACE2 (dACE2), has recently been identified. In contrast to ACE2, the short dACE2 isoform lacks the ability to bind the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Several studies have proposed that expression of ACE2 and/or dACE2 is induced by interferons (IFNs). Here, we report that drug-targeted inhibition or silencing of Unc51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) results in repression of type I IFN-induced expression of the dACE2 isoform. Notably, dACE2 is expressed in various squamous tumors. In efforts to identify pharmacological agents that target this pathway, we found that fisetin, a natural flavonoid, is an ULK1 inhibitor that decreases type I IFN-induced dACE2 expression. Taken together, our results establish a requirement for ULK1 in the regulation of type I IFN-induced transcription of dACE2 and raise the possibility of clinical translational applications of fisetin as a novel ULK1 inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo E. Perez
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diana Saleiro
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Liliana Ilut
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary E. Schiltz
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank Eckerdt
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eleanor N. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding authors at: Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bowornruangrit P, Kumkate S, Sirigulpanit W, Leardkamolkarn V. Combined Effects of Fludarabine and Interferon Alpha on Autophagy Regulation Define the Phase of Cell Survival and Promotes Responses in LLC-MK2 and K562 Cells. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10010020. [PMID: 35323219 PMCID: PMC8950195 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a known mechanism of cells under internal stress that regulates cellular function via internal protein recycling and the cleaning up of debris, leading to healthy live cells. However, the stimulation of autophagy by external factors such as chemical compounds or viral infection mostly tends to induce apoptosis/cell death. This study hypothesizes that manipulation of the autophagy mechanism to the pro-cell survival and/or decreased pro-viral niche can be a strategy for effective antiviral and anticancer treatment. Cells susceptible to viral infection, namely LLC-MK2, normal monkey epithelium, and K562, human immune-related lymphocyte, which is also a cancer cell line, were treated with fludarabine nucleoside analog (Fdb), interferon alpha (IFN-α), and a combination of Fdb and IFN-α, and then were evaluated for signs of adaptive autophagy and STAT1 antiviral signaling by Western blotting and immunolabeling assays. The results showed that the low concentration of Fdb was able to activate an autophagy response in both cell types, as demonstrated by the intense immunostaining of LC3B foci in the autophagosomes of living cells. Treatment with IFN-α (10 U/mL) showed no alteration in the initiator of mTOR autophagy but dramatically increased the intracellular STAT1 signaling molecules in both cell types. Although in the combined Fdb and IFN-α treatment, both LLC-MK2 and K562 cells showed only slight changes in the autophagy-responsive proteins p-mTOR and LC3B, an adaptive autophagy event was clearly shown in the autophagosome of the LLC-MK2 cell, suggesting the survival phase of the normal cell. The combined effect of Fdb and IFN-α treatment on the antiviral response was identified by the level of activation of the STAT1 antiviral marker. Significantly, the adaptive autophagy mediated by Fdb was able to suppress the IFN-α-mediated pSTAT1 signaling in both cell types to a level that is appropriate for cellular function. It is concluded that the administration of an appropriate dose of Fdb and IFN-α in combination is beneficial for the treatment of some types of cancer and viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Supeecha Kumkate
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Wipawan Sirigulpanit
- Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand;
| | - Vijittra Leardkamolkarn
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|