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Li X, Wang Y, Li J, Yu Z, Wei Y, Chen S, He L, Ding K, Chen J. Recombination of variable and host range regions of glycoprotein gp85 in different avian leukosis virus subgroup K isolates. Arch Virol 2024; 169:155. [PMID: 38951272 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of avian leukosis virus subgroup K (ALV-K) in chickens in China, the positive rate of ALV-K in local chickens in Henan province was investigated, and the genetic region encoding the glycoprotein gp85 of isolates from positive chickens was analyzed. The positive rate of ALV-K in local chickens in Henan was found to be 87.2% (41/47). Phylogenetic analysis of gp85 sequences revealed six clusters that differed in their host range regions (hr1 and hr2) and variable regions (vr1, vr2, and vr3). Evidence of recombination of hr1, hr2, vr1, vr2, and vr3 was observed between the different clusters. The isolate HN23LS02 appears to have obtained its hr1 and hr2 regions from separate lineages via recombination but without having a significant affect on the replication capacity of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- The Veterinary Biological Products Testing Center of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, 277101, China
| | - Zuhua Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Songbiao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Ke Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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Xu M, Qian K, Shao H, Yao Y, Nair V, Ye J, Qin A. Metabolomics analysis of CEF cells infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup J based on UHPLC-QE-MS. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103693. [PMID: 38598912 PMCID: PMC11017069 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is a retrovirus that can cause immunosuppression and tumors in chicken. However, relative pathogenesis is still not clear. At present, metabolomics has shown great potential in the screening of tumor metabolic markers, prognostic evaluation, and drug target design. In this study, we utilize an untargeted metabolomics approach based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) to analyze the metabolic changes in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells infected by ALV-J. We found that ALV-J infection significantly altered a wealth of metabolites compared with control group. Additionally, most of the differentially expressed metabolites belonged to lipid metabolism, purine nucleotide metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Among them, the proportion of lipid metabolites account for the highest proportion (around 31%). Results suggest that these changes may be conductive to the formation of virion, thereby promoting the replication of ALV-J. These data provided metabolic evidence and potential biomarkers for the cellular metabolic changes induced by ALV-J, and provided important insight for further understanding the replication needs and pathogenesis of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.
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Xu Z, Ma X, Wang X, Zhang R, Zhang T, Ma M, Shi F, Chen C. Rapid and sensitive visual detection of avian leukosis virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip assay. Arch Virol 2024; 169:94. [PMID: 38594417 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Considering that avian leukosis virus (ALV) infection has inflicted massive economic losses on the poultry breeding industry in most countries, its early diagnosis remains an important measure for timely treatment and control of the disease, for which a rapid and sensitive point-of-care test is required. We established a user-friendly, economical, and rapid visualization method for ALV amplification products based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) combined with an immunochromatographic strip in a lateral flow device (LFD). Using the ALVp27 gene as the target, five RT-LAMP primers and one fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled probe were designed. After 60 min of RT-LAMP amplification at 64 °C, the products could be visualized directly using the LFD. The detection limit of this assay for ALV detection was 102 RNA copies/μL, and the sensitivity was 100 times that of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), showing high specificity and sensitivity. To verify the clinical practicality of this assay for detecting ALV, the gold standard RT-PCR method was used for comparison, and consistent results were obtained with both assays. Thus, the assay described here can be used for rapid detection of ALV in resource-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Xu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Renyin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Tieying Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Mingze Ma
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Feng Shi
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
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Zhang F, Li H, Lin C, Wei Y, Zhang W, Wu Y, Kang Z. Detection and genetic diversity of subgroup K avian leukosis virus in local chicken breeds in Jiangxi from 2021 to 2023. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341201. [PMID: 38389530 PMCID: PMC10882074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup K (ALV-K) is a new subgroup of avian leukosis virus (ALV) that was first identified in Chinese native chickens in recent years. To further understand the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary diversity of ALV-K, this study investigated the molecular epidemiology of 73,664 chicken plasma samples collected from Jiangxi native chicken flocks. The results showed that ALV-J was the most predominant ALV subtype in Jiangxi native chickens, with a high positivity rate of 4.34%. From 2021 to 2023, there was a gradual upward trend in the proportion of positive numbers of ALV-K among ALV-positive samples, and there was a trend of outbreaks. ALV-J and ALV-K were the main co-infection patterns. Genetic evolutionary analysis based on ALV-K gp85 gene showed that the isolated ALV-K in this study were distributed in various branches of the evolutionary tree with genetic diversity. The homology results showed that the amino acid homology of the isolated ALV-K gp85 gene ranged from 33.9 to 88.1% with the reference strains of subtypes A, B, C, D, E, and J, and from 91.9 to 100% with the other ALV-K reference strains. Multiple mutations were present in the ALV-K gp85, and especially significant mutations were found in the highly variable region hr2. The results of ALV-K replication efficiency showed that the replication efficiency of ALV-K was significantly lower than that of ALV-J. These results enriched the genome sequence data of ALV-K in Chinese geoducks, and laid the foundation for further research on the pathogenesis and prevention of ALV-K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiqin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Cui Lin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaofeng Kang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
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Guo J, Deng Q, Zhu W, Fu F, Liu L, Wei T, Wei P. The phylogenetic analysis of the new emerging ALV-K revealing the co-prevailing of multiple clades in chickens and a proposal for the classification of ALV-K. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1228109. [PMID: 37576830 PMCID: PMC10416628 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1228109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subgroup K avian leukosis virus (ALV-K) is a new subgroup of avian leukosis virus (ALV) that was first defined in 2012 and has been become prevalent in Chinese native chickens in recent years. An in-depth analysis of the genetic diversity of ALV-K was performed in the study. By Blast analysis, the env gene and the sequences of the 25 ALV-K isolates we isolated were found to be closely related to the isolates from Guangdong, Hebei, Jiangsu, and Hubei provinces, China. Further eighty-nine sequences of the gp85 gene of ALV-K strains available were used in the phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses for the classification. ALV-K was divided into two second-order clades (Clades 1.1 and 1.2) and three third-order clades (Clades 1.2.1, 1.2.2, and 1.2.3), indicating that not only 1.1 and 1.2.3, the two old clades which are prevalent in Japan, but also two new clades (1.2.1, 1.2.2), are co-prevalent in China. The representative strains of each clade were defined for the first time. Notably, Clade 1.2.2 was found to have a deletion of an amino acid residue in the gp85 gene, which was obviously different from Clades 1.1, 1.2.1, and 1.2.3. The proposed classification method will facilitate future studies of ALV-K epidemiology and the comparison of sequences obtained across the world. The first global comprehensive molecular epidemiological analysis was accomplished on the emerging ALV-K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Guo
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaomu Deng
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weiyu Zhu
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fumei Fu
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Linmin Liu
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tianchao Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Fandiño S, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L, Doménech A. Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2358. [PMID: 37508135 PMCID: PMC10376345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as strictly inspected as commercial poultry and which have been found to harbor ALVs. In addition, the genome of both poultry and of several gamebird species contain endogenous retroviral sequences. Circumstances that support keeping up surveillance include the detection of several ALV natural recombinants between exogenous and endogenous ALV-related sequences which, combined with the well-known ability of retroviruses to mutate, facilitate the emergence of escape mutants. The subgroup most prevalent nowadays, ALV-J, has emerged as a multi-recombinant which uses a different receptor from the previously known subgroups, greatly increasing its cell tropism and pathogenicity and making it more transmissible. In this review we describe the ALVs, their different subgroups and which receptor they use to infect the cell, their routes of transmission and their presence in different bird collectivities, and the immune response against them. We analyze the different systems to control them, from vaccination to the progress made editing the bird genome to generate mutated ALV receptors or selecting certain haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fandiño
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Doménech
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Cheng X, Yang J, Bi X, Yang Q, Zhou D, Zhang S, Ding L, Wang K, Hua S, Cheng Z. Molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of a Tibet-origin mutant avian leukosis virus subgroup J isolated from Tibetan chickens in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 109:105415. [PMID: 36775048 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Tibetan chicken is found in China Tibet (average altitude; ˃4500 m). However, little is known about avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) found in Tibetan chickens. ALV-J is a typical alpharetrovirus that causes immunosuppression and myelocytomatosis and thus seriously affects the development of the poultry industry. In this study, Tibet-origin mutant ALV-J was isolated from Tibetan chickens and named RKZ-1-RKZ-5. A Myelocytomatosis outbreak occurred in a commercial Tibetan chicken farm in Shigatse of Rikaze, Tibet, China, in March 2022. About 20% of Tibetan chickens in the farm showed severe immunosuppression, and mortality increased to 5.6%. Histopathological examination showed typical myelocytomas in various tissues. Virus isolation and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that ALV-J caused the disease. Gene-wide phylogenetic analysis showed the RKZ isolates were the original strains of the previously reported Tibetan isolates (TBC-J4 and TBC-J6) (identity; 94.5% to 94.9%). Furthermore, significant nucleotide mutations and deletions occurred in the hr1 and hr2 hypervariable regions of gp85 gene, 3'UTR, Y Box, and TATA Box of 3'LTR. Pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that the viral load, viremia, and viral shedding level were significantly higher in RKZ-1-infected chickens than in NX0101-infected chickens. Notably, RKZ-1 caused more severe cardiopulmonary damage in SPF chickens. These findings prove the origin of Tibet ALV-J and provide insights into the molecular characteristics and pathogenic ability of ALV-J in the plateau area. Therefore, this study may provide a basis for ALV-J prevention and eradication in Tibet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jianhao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaoqing Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Longying Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shuhan Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018, China.
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Residues E53, L55, H59, and G70 of the cellular receptor protein Tva mediate cell binding and entry of the novel subgroup K avian leukosis virus. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102962. [PMID: 36717079 PMCID: PMC9974445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Subgroup K avian leukosis virus (ALV-K) is a novel subgroup of ALV isolated from Chinese native chickens. As for a retrovirus, the interaction between its envelope protein and cellular receptor is a crucial step in ALV-K infection. Tva, a protein previously determined to be associated with vitamin B12/cobalamin uptake, has been identified as the receptor of ALV-K. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between Tva and the envelope protein of ALV-K remains unclear. In this study, we identified the C-terminal loop of the LDL-A module of Tva as the minimal functional domain that directly interacts with gp85, the surface component of the ALV-K envelope protein. Further point-mutation analysis revealed that E53, L55, H59, and G70, which are exposed on the surface of Tva and are spatially adjacent, are key residues for the binding of Tva and gp85 and facilitate the entry of ALV-K. Homology modeling analysis indicated that the substitution of these four residues did not significantly impact the Tva structure but impaired the interaction between Tva and gp85 of ALV-K. Importantly, the gene-edited DF-1 cell line with precisely substituted E53, L55, H59, and G70 was completely resistant to ALV-K infection and did not affect vitamin B12/cobalamin uptake. Collectively, these findings not only contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of ALV-K entry into host cells but also provide an ideal gene-editing target for antiviral study.
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Wu L, Li Y, Chen X, Yang Y, Fang C, Gu Y, Liu J, Liang X, Yang Y. Isolation and characterization of avian leukosis virus subgroup J associated with hemangioma and myelocytoma in layer chickens in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:970818. [PMID: 36246325 PMCID: PMC9555167 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.970818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A strain of avian leukosis virus (ALV) belonging to a new envelope subgroup J (ALV-J) emerged in 1988 as a new subgroup of ALV and spread rapidly throughout the world. Due to the infection and spread of ALV-J, the global poultry industry experienced a significant loss. Although the disease had been prevented and controlled effectively by culling domestic chickens in the infected zone, a few field cases of ALV-J infection were reported in China in recent years. This study was conducted to characterize the genome and analyze the lesions and histopathology of the ALV-J strain named HB2020, which was isolated from layer chickens in Hubei Province, China. The full-length proviral genome sequence analysis of ALV-J HB2020 revealed that it was a recombinant strain of ev-1 and HPRS-103 in the gag gene in comparison to ALV-J prototype HPRS-103. In the 3′-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the nucleotide sequence, there were found 205-base pairs (bp) deletion, of which 175 were detected in the redundant transmembrane (rTM) region. Besides, the surface glycoprotein gene gp85 had five mutations in a conservative site, whereas the transmembrane protein gene gp37 was relatively conserved. The animal experiments conducted later on this strain have shown that HB2020 can cause various neoplastic lesions in chickens, including enlarged livers with hemangiomas and spleens with white nodules. Additionally, as the exposure time increased, the number of tumor cells that resembled myelocytes in the blood smears of infected chickens gradually increased. These results indicated that HB2020 on recombination with ALV subgroup E (ALV-E) and ALV-J could induce severe hemangiomas and myelocytomas. This inference might provide a molecular basis for further research about the pathogenicity of ALV and emphasize the need for control and prevention of avian leukosis.
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Chen J, Li J, Dong X, Liao M, Cao W. The key amino acid sites 199-205, 269, 319, 321 and 324 of ALV-K env contribute to the weaker replication capacity of ALV-K than ALV-A. Retrovirology 2022; 19:19. [PMID: 36002842 PMCID: PMC9400301 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an infectious retrovirus, that mainly causes various forms of tumours, immunosuppression, a decreased egg production rate and slow weight gain in poultry. ALV consists of 11 subgroups, A-K, among which ALV-K is an emerging subgroup that has become prevalent in the past 10 years. Most ALV-K isolates showed weak replication ability and pathogenicity. In this study, the weak replication ability of ALV-K was explored from the perspective of the interaction between ALV-K gp85 and the Tva receptor. METHODS Fourteen soluble recombinant ALV-A/K gp85 chimeric proteins were constructed by substituting the sequence difference regions (hr1, hr2 and vr3) of the ALV-A gp85 protein with the skeleton ALV-K gp85 protein for co-IP and competitive blocking tests. RESULTS The binding capacity of ALV-K gp85 to Tva was significantly weaker than that of ALV-A gp85 (P < 0.05) and the key amino acid sites 199-205, 269, 319, 321 and 324 of ALV-K env contributed to the weaker replication capacity of ALV-K than ALV-A. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to reveal the molecular factors of the weak replication ability of ALV-K from the perspective of the interaction of ALV-K gp85 to Tva, providing a basis for further elucidation of the infection mechanism of ALV-K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jinqun Li
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xinyi Dong
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Ming Liao
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.464259.80000 0000 9633 0629National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Weisheng Cao
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.464259.80000 0000 9633 0629National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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11
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Wang Q, Su Q, Liu B, Li Y, Sun W, Liu Y, Xue R, Chang S, Wang Y, Zhao P. Enhanced Antiviral Ability by a Combination of Zidovudine and Short Hairpin RNA Targeting Avian Leukosis Virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:808982. [PMID: 35250911 PMCID: PMC8889011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.808982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) causes tumor diseases in poultry and is circulating all over the world, leading to significant economic losses. In addition, mixed infection of ALV with other viruses is very common and is often reported to contaminate live vaccines. At present, there is no effective method to suppress the replication of ALV in vitro, so it is very difficult to remove it in mixed infection. As a retrovirus, the replication of ALV can be limited by reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors like zidovudine (AZT), but it also causes nontargeted cytotoxicity. To find the optimal solution in cytotoxicity and inhibition efficiency in vitro culture system, we firstly designed a combination therapy of AZT and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting ALV and then verified its efficiency by multiple biological methods. Results showed that shRNA can effectively inhibit the expression of RT and then limit the replication of ALV. The combination of AZT and shRNA can significantly improve the antiviral efficiency in viral replication, shedding, and provirus assembly under the condition of low cytotoxicity. Overall, in this study, the combination therapy of AZT and shRNA targeting ALV showed excellent antiviral performance against ALV in vitro culture system. This method can be applied to multiple scenarios, such as the removal of ALV in mixed infection or the purification of contaminated vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Wanli Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yanxue Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruyu Xue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
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12
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WHOLE-GENOME ANALYSIS REVEALS POSSIBLE SOURCES OF ALV-J INFECTION IN AN ANYI TILE-LIKE GREY CHICKEN FLOCK. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101764. [PMID: 35381497 PMCID: PMC8980333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Li X, Yu Y, Ma M, Chang F, Muhammad F, Yu M, Ren C, Bao Y, Zhang Z, Liu A, Pan Q, Gao L, Qi X, Li K, Liu C, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang X, Gao Y. Molecular characteristic and pathogenicity analysis of a novel multiple recombinant ALV-K strain. Vet Microbiol 2021; 260:109184. [PMID: 34311270 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) can induce various tumors and cause serious production problems. ALVs isolated from chickens were divided into six subgroups (A-J). In 2012, a strain of a putative novel subgroup of ALVs was isolated from Chinese native chickens in Jiangsu Province and named as ALV-K. In this study, three ALV-K strains (JS14LH01, JS13LH14, and JS15SG01) were isolated from chickens with suspected ALV infection in Jiangsu Province. Their complete genomes were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed systematically. The results showed that JS14LH01 and JS13LH14 were ALV-K and ALV-E recombinant strains. Whereas JS15SG01 is an ALV-K, ALV-E, and ALV-J multiple recombinant strain containing the U3 region of ALV-J. The pathogenicity test of JS15SG01 revealed that, compared with previous ALV-K strains, the viremia and viral shedding level of JS15SG01-infected chickens were significantly increased, reaching 100 % and 59 %, respectively. More important, JS15SG01 induced significant proliferation of gliocytes in the cerebral cortex of infected chickens, accompanied by the neurotropic phenomenon. This is the first report about a multiple recombinant ALV-K strain that could invade and injure the brain tissue of chickens in China. Our findings enriched the epidemiologic data of ALV and helped to reveal the evolution of ALV strains prevalent in chicken fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Yan Yu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou, 225125, PR China
| | - Meige Ma
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Fangfang Chang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Farooque Muhammad
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Chaoqi Ren
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Yuanling Bao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Aijing Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Qing Pan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
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14
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Xu M, Mu X, Qian K, Shao H, Yao Y, Nair V, Wang J, Ye J, Qin A. Novel mutation of avian leukosis virus subgroup J from Tibetan chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100931. [PMID: 33518331 PMCID: PMC7936214 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetan chickens are descendants of the ancestral red jungle fowl Gallus gallus. Very little is known about pathogens in Tibetan chickens living in the high-altitude environment. Here, we report for the first time the detection and isolation of avian leukosis virus from Tibetan chickens, with all the avian leukosis virus-positive samples belonging to subgroup J. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence revealed these viruses were in a new branch compared with previous reports. The 3'-end of the pol gene in the new strains showed 8-amino acid deletion, with 2 strains displaying a large-scale deletion in the hr2 region of gp85 protein. Among all the strains, several mutations in the primer binding site leader sequence and untranslated region, which came from Rous-associated virus, were identified. It is interesting that some of these mutations may have contributed to the competitive advantages to these isolates as observed from their increased replication in vitro. These results indicated that the virus isolates from Tibetan chickens can have competitive advantage over the other strains circulating in the poultry population in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moru Xu
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Mu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China.
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15
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Li H, Tan M, Zhang F, Ji H, Zeng Y, Yang Q, Tan J, Huang J, Su Q, Huang Y, Kang Z. Diversity of Avian leukosis virus subgroup J in local chickens, Jiangxi, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4797. [PMID: 33637946 PMCID: PMC7910287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV) is one of the most severe diseases endangering the poultry industry. When the eradication measures performed in commercial broilers and layers have achieved excellent results, ALV in some local chickens has gradually attracted attention. Since late 2018, following the re-outbreak of ALV-J in white feather broilers in China, AL-like symptoms also suddenly broke out in some local flocks, leading to great economic losses. In this study, a systematic epidemiological survey was carried out in eight local chicken flocks in Jiangxi Province, China, and 71 strains were finally isolated from 560 samples, with the env sequences of them being successfully sequenced. All of those new isolates belong to subgroup J but they have different molecular features and were very different from the strains that emerged in white feature broilers recently, with some strains being highly consistent with those previously isolated from commercial broilers, layers and other flocks or even isolated from USA and Russian, suggesting these local chickens have been acted as reservoirs to accumulate various ALV-J strains for a long time. More seriously, phylogenetic analysis shows that there were also many novel strains emerging and in a separate evolutionary branch, indicating several new mutated ALVs are being bred in local chickens. Besides, ALV-J strains isolated in this study can be further divided into ten groups, while there were more or fewer groups in different chickens, revealing that ALV may cross propagate in those flocks. The above analyses explain the complex background and future evolution trend of ALV-J in Chinese local chickens, providing theoretical support for the establishment of corresponding prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meifang Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huayuan Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanbing Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiangnan Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Kang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China.
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16
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Molecular characteristics of subgroup J avian leukosis virus isolated from yellow breeder chickens in Guangdong, China, during 2016-2019. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 89:104721. [PMID: 33444858 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Since 2005, subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) infection has been present in yellow chickens in Guangdong, China, causing severe economic losses to the local poultry industry. ALV-J is a rapidly evolving retrovirus. To investigate the molecular characteristics of ALV-J isolates from yellow breeder chickens in Guangdong, 17 virus strains were isolated from 6549 anticoagulants from clinically healthy birds between 2016 and 2019, and completely sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of the gp85 gene showed that all isolated viruses were divided into three different branches. Notably, 41.2% (7/17) of the isolates shared a novel G2598A nucleotide mutation in the pol gene and caused the stop codon to be advanced by 8 positions. Nearly 200 nucleotides were deleted from the redundant TM (rTM) region in all strains, but all retained an intact direct repeat (DR1). 82.4% (14/17) of isolates contained a complete E element. Additionally, 29.4% (5/17) of isolates detected an 11 bp deletion in U3 region, and the AIB REP1 transcription factor is missing. The study indicated that ALV-J infection had still been prevalent in the yellow breeder chicken farms in Guangdong, and the genetic background of the strains is diverse. This study provides the latest data on the molecular characteristics of ALV-J, which will help to reveal the evolution trend of ALV-J and develop relevant prevention and control measures.
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17
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Chen J, Li J, Li L, Liu P, Xiang Y, Cao W. Single Amino Acids G196 and R198 in hr1 of Subgroup K Avian Leukosis Virus Glycoprotein Are Critical for Tva Receptor Binding. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:596586. [PMID: 33391214 PMCID: PMC7772352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs), a type of retrovirus responsible for various tumor diseases in chickens, are divided into 11 subgroups: ALV-A to ALV-K. After the envelope glycoproteins of ALV interact with the cellular receptor to initiate viral invasion, alterations in a few amino acids of the viral glycoproteins or cell receptors may trigger changes in their conformation and binding affinity. To identify the functional determinants of the ALV-K envelope protein that binds to Tva (a recently identified cellular receptor of ALV-K), using the strategy of continuous, segment-by-segment substitution of the gp85-encoded surface glycoprotein (SU) of ALV-K GDFX0602 with ALV-E ev-1 (using Tvb as the receptor), a series of chimeric soluble gp85 proteins were expressed for co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) analysis and a series of recombinant viruses with replication-competent avian retrovirus vectors containing Bryan polymerase (RCASBP) as their skeleton were created for transfecting to DF-1 cells and titer determination. The co-IP analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and virus titer measurements revealed that the substitution of residues 194–198, 206–216 of hr1, residues 251–256 between hr1 and hr2, and residues 269–280 of hr2 were identified to reduce the binding of gp85 to Tva. The substitution of residues 194–221 in hr1 nullified the infectiveness of these viruses, similar to the effect of single amino acid mutations in K251E and L252I located between hr1 and hr2; continuous amino acid mutations in hr2 could not produce the same effect despite reducing their infectiveness. Finally, single amino acid mutations G196A and R198H nearly abolished the binding of gp85 to Tva and nullified the infectiveness of these viruses to DF-1. This study paves the way for exploring the molecular mechanisms of the binding of Tva to ALV-K SU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Li Q, Wang P, Li M, Lin L, Shi M, Li H, Deng Q, Teng H, Mo M, Wei T, Wei P. Recombinant subgroup B avian leukosis virus combined with the subgroup J env gene significantly increases its pathogenicity. Vet Microbiol 2020; 250:108862. [PMID: 33007608 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The differences among different sub-groups of the avian leukosis virus (ALV) genome are mainly concentrated in the env gene, which binds to cell-specific receptors and determines the characteristics of viral tropism and pathogenicity. In this study, two rescued viruses rGX15MM6-2 (ALV of subgroup J, ALV-J) and rGX14FF03 (ALV of subgroup B, ALV-B) and a recombinant virus rALV-B-Jenv (ALV-B's backbone with ALV-J's env) were generated and tested utilizing both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the replication ability of the viruses released in DF-1 cell cultures was listed in order as rGX15MM6-2 > rALV-B-Jenv > rGX14FF03. rGX15MM6-2 caused the most serious suppression of body weight gain, exhibited a significant negative effect on the development of immune organs (P < 0.05) and lower antibody responses to vaccinations with the commercial oil-emulsion vaccines (OEVs) (P<0.05) in the challenged chickens. The viral detection showed that the positive rate in blood from the birds infected with rALV-B-Jenv were respectively higher than those from the birds infected with rGX14FF03 (P < 0.05). At 25 wpi, similar tumors were found in the abdominal cavity of the birds in rGX15MM6-2 and rALV-B-Jenv groups. The results demonstrated that the ALV-J env gene significantly increases the pathogenicity of the recombinant ALV-B. With the increasing incidence of co-infections of different subgroups of ALV in the field, the possibility of viral recombination is increasing and demands further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Li
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Peikun Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, 276005, China.
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Lulu Lin
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Mengya Shi
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Haijuan Li
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Qiaomu Deng
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Huang Teng
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Meilan Mo
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Tianchao Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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19
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Su Q, Cui Z, Zhang Z, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Whole-genome analysis of an emerging recombinant avian leukosis virus in yellow chickens, south China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2254-2258. [PMID: 32302467 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is the cause of a variety of tumour diseases in poultry, causing huge economic losses all over the world. As a retrovirus, its genome is highly variable and easily recombined between different subgroups. Previous studies found several recombinant events among subgroup A, B and E, but few data show that in subgroup J, which is the most prevalent and pathogenic in chickens. This study identified and sequenced an emerging recombinant ALV from yellow chicken, and analysis showed that the homology between the env gene of the new isolate and the representative strain (BR119) of subgroup J is as high as 98.7%, while its long terminal repeat (LTR) was highly consistent with some representative strains of subgroup E (94.9%-98.4%). This study also found that such LTR has appeared in some published strains of subgroup B and subgroup K, indicating that it can combine with the coding region of many different subgroups of ALV, thus forming natural recombinant strains. At the same time, a pair of polymerase chain reaction primers were selected according to the sequence, which can specifically detect the recombinant strains in wild, facilitating the future ALV eradication program. Overall, this study reminds us to pay more attention to tracking the genome variation of ALV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhenyu Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
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20
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Sun T, Wang X, Han W, Ma X, Yin W, Fang B, Lin X, Li Y. Complete genome sequence of a novel recombinant avian leukosis virus isolated from a three-yellow chicken. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2615-2618. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Isolation and molecular characterization of the first subgroup J avian leukosis virus from chicken in Pakistan. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104425. [PMID: 32561296 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) was first isolated in the United Kingdom in 1988, it has seriously hindered the development of the poultry industry worldwide. Although cases of ALV-J infection have been reported as early as 2001 in Pakistan, there was no further research on the isolation and molecular characteristics of ALVs. In the present study, we first isolated two ALVs from suspicious clinical samples that were collected from a desi chicken farm in Pakistan. The results of multiplex PCR and indirect immunofluorescent antibody assays confirmed that the two isolates (PK19FA01 and PK19SA01) belonged to ALV-J. The complete genomes of the two isolates were amplified, sequenced, and systematically analyzed. We found that gp85 of PK19FA01 was more similar to that of the prototype strain HPRS103, whereas gp85 of PK19SA01 was more similar to that of American strains. The two isolates contained an intact E element of 147 residues and had a unique 135 bp deletion in the redundant transmembrane of the 3' untranslated region. The U3 region of the two isolates was highly homologous to that of American ALV-J strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation, complete genome sequencing, and systematic molecular epidemiological investigation of ALV-J in Pakistan. Our findings could enrich epidemiological data and might contributed to more effective measures to prevent and control avian leukosis in Pakistan.
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22
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Full-length cDNA sequence analysis of 85 avian leukosis virus subgroup J strains isolated from chickens in China during the years 1988-2018: coexistence of 2 extremely different clusters that are highly dependent upon either the host genetic background or the geographic location. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3469-3480. [PMID: 32616241 PMCID: PMC7597930 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During the process of transmission and spread of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) in chickens worldwide, the viral genome is constantly changing. A comprehensive and systematic study of the evolutionary process of ALV-J in China is needed. In this study, we amplified the full-length viral cDNA sequences of 16 ALV-J isolates of Yellow-chicken origin and analyzed and compared these sequences with another 69 ALV-J strains isolated during the years 1988–2018. These isolates were then sorted into 2 clusters: cluster I included isolates that mainly originated from the layers and White-feather broilers from northern China; cluster II included isolates mainly from the Yellow-chicken, most of them being from southern China. According to the sequence homologies of the whole genome and gag, pol, gp85, and gp37 genes, the ALV-J strains are more likely to randomly change in different directions from the original strain HPRS-103 as time passes. The results of entropy analysis of the sequences of gag, pol, and env revealed that the env gene had the largest variation, and the gag gene nonconserved sites are mainly concentrated in p19, p10, and p12. In addition, 84.71% (72/85) of the isolates had the 205-nucleotide (nt) deletion in the 3′UTR region, and 30.59% (26/85) of the isolates had the 125-nt to 127-nt deletion in the E element. Our study provides evidence for the coexistence of 2 extremely different clusters of ALV-J prevailing in China and in some other countries during the period of 1988–2018 and implies that the clusters are highly dependent on the host genetic background and the geographic location.
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23
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Zhang Y, Su Q, Zhang Z, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Molecular characteristics of the re-emerged avian leukosis virus in China, 2018-2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1141-1151. [PMID: 31785180 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since early 2018, avian leukosis virus (ALV) has re-emerged throughout six provinces in Northeast and East of China and caused huge economic losses. In different farms, there are significant differences in clinical symptoms, including morbidity, mortality and location of tumours, on affected animals, which implies that the present strains may have different origins and molecular characteristics. In this study, a systematic epidemiological investigation was conducted in 21 farms in six provinces. Results showed that the virus strains present in this outbreak are highly consistent but carry different mutations. All the strains shared 97.0%-99.0% identity with each other and were highly similar to the GD14J2 strain isolated previously, while different insertion fragments can be found in the env gene of different strains, suggesting that the strains of ALV in this outbreak may have the same ancestors but have gone through different evolutionary trajectories. This study demonstrated that these viruses may point to multiple sources of infection, and all should be identified and taken seriously in the formulation of control plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
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