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Ryoki A, Watanabe F, Okudaira T, Takahashi S, Oku T, Hiroi K, Motokawa R, Nakamura Y. Contrast dependence of scattering profiles for poly(ethylene glycol) in water: Investigation by small-angle neutron scattering with 3He spin filter and small-angle x-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:114907. [PMID: 38511660 DOI: 10.1063/5.0192680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were performed for deuterated and non-deuterated poly(ethylene glycol) (d-PEG and h-PEG, respectively) in D2O and a D2O/H2O mixed solvent (Mix) to compare the scattering profiles. To determine the coherent scattering intensity of SANS, a 3He spin filter was utilized. The scattering profiles determined by the SANS measurements were analyzed in terms of the wormlike chain model with touched beads along the contour of the chain. However, the SAXS profiles were not explained by the same model with uniform beads but with beads each consisting of a core and a shell having different electron densities. To explore the chain thickness determined from the SANS profile, the scattering intensities for different combinations of d-PEG/D2O, d-PEG/Mix, h-PEG/D2O, and h-PEG/Mix were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Ryoki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumi Watanabe
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Okudaira
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Japan
| | - Takayuki Oku
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Japan
- J-PARC Center, JAEA, Tokai, Japan
| | | | | | - Yo Nakamura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Narayanan T. Recent advances in synchrotron scattering methods for probing the structure and dynamics of colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103114. [PMID: 38452431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent progress in synchrotron based X-ray scattering methods applied to colloid science is reviewed. An important figure of merit of these techniques is that they enable in situ investigations of colloidal systems under the desired thermophysical and rheological conditions. An ensemble averaged simultaneous structural and dynamical information can be derived albeit in reciprocal space. Significant improvements in X-ray source brilliance and advances in detector technology have overcome some of the limitations in the past. Notably coherent X-ray scattering techniques have become more competitive and they provide complementary information to laboratory based real space methods. For a system with sufficient scattering contrast, size ranges from nm to several μm and time scales down to μs are now amenable to X-ray scattering investigations. A wide variety of sample environments can be combined with scattering experiments further enriching the science that could be pursued by means of advanced X-ray scattering instruments. Some of these recent progresses are illustrated via representative examples. To derive quantitative information from the scattering data, rigorous data analysis or modeling is required. Development of powerful computational tools including the use of artificial intelligence have become the emerging trend.
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Takano S, Miyashima Y, Fujii S, Sakurai K. Molecular Bottlebrushes for Immunostimulatory CpG ODN Delivery: Relationship among Cation Density, Complex Formation Ability, and Cytotoxicity. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1299-1309. [PMID: 36762890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Artificially designed short single-stranded DNA sequences containing unmethylated CG (CpG ODNs) are agonists for toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9); thus, they have great potential as vaccine adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy and preventing infectious diseases. To deliver effectively CpG ODNs into cells bearing TLR9, nanoparticle polyion complexes of cationic polymers that are able to ingest multiple CpG ODN molecules have been developed; however, their structures and synthesized polycations are hard to control and bioincompatible, respectively. To solve these issues, we designed cationic molecular bottlebrushes (CMBs) with branches that are made from copolymers of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride. Several instrumental methods were carried out to determine the structure of a CMB and its complex with CpG ODNs. The complexation did not change the overall shape of the original CMB, and the bound CpG ODNs were captured by the outer layer of the CMB. The moderation of cations was important to reduce toxicity and improve secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyashima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
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Belkhir K, Cerlati O, Heaugwane D, Tosi A, Benkhaled BT, Brient PL, Chatard C, Graillot A, Catrouillet S, Balor S, Goudounèche D, Payré B, Laborie P, Lim JH, Putaux JL, Vicendo P, Gibot L, Lonetti B, Mingotaud AF, Lapinte V. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of UV-Cross-Linkable Amphiphilic Polyoxazoline Block Copolymers: Importance of Multitechnique Characterization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:16144-16155. [PMID: 36516233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the nanomedicine field, there is a need to widen the availability of nanovectors to compensate for the increasingly reported side effects of poly(ethene glycol). Nanovectors enabling cross-linking can further optimize drug delivery. Cross-linkable polyoxazolines are therefore relevant candidates to address these two points. Here we present the synthesis of coumarin-functionalized poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) block copolymers, namely, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(2-butyl-2-oxazoline). The hydrophilic ratio and molecular weights were varied in order to obtain a range of possible behaviors. Their self-assembly after nanoprecipitation or film rehydration was examined. The resulting nano-objects were fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM, multiple-angle dynamic and static light scattering. In most cases, the formation of polymer micelles was observed, as well as, in some cases, aggregates, which made characterization more difficult. Cross-linking was performed under UV illumination in the presence of a coumarin-bearing cross-linker based on polymethacrylate derivatives. Addition of the photo-cross-linker and cross-linking resulted in better-defined objects with improved stability in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedafi Belkhir
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090Montpellier, France
| | - Orélia Cerlati
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Diana Heaugwane
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Alice Tosi
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | | | | | - Camille Chatard
- Specific Polymers, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160Castries, France
| | - Alain Graillot
- Specific Polymers, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160Castries, France
| | - Sylvain Catrouillet
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphanie Balor
- METi Platform, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Dominique Goudounèche
- CMEAB Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 133 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Bruno Payré
- CMEAB Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 133 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Pascale Laborie
- Technopolym, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-UAR 2599, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Jia-Hui Lim
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Vincent Lapinte
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090Montpellier, France
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Direct and Reverse Pluronic Micelles: Design and Characterization of Promising Drug Delivery Nanosystems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122628. [PMID: 36559122 PMCID: PMC9787366 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluronics are a family of amphiphilic block copolymers broadly explored in the pharmaceutical field. Under certain conditions, Pluronics self-assemble in different structures including nanosized direct and reverse micelles. This review provides an overview about the main parameters affecting the micellization process of Pluronics, such as polymer length, fragments distribution within the chain, solvents, additives and loading of cargo. Furthermore, it offers a guide about the most common techniques used to characterize the structure and properties of the micelles. Finally, it presents up-to-date approaches to improve the stability and drug loading of Pluronic micelles. Special attention is paid to reverse Pluronics and reverse micelles, currently underexplored in the literature. Pluronic micelles present a bright future as drug delivery agents. A smart design and thorough characterization will improve the transfer to clinical applications.
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Ultrasonic Film Rehydration Synthesis of Mixed Polylactide Micelles for Enzyme-Resistant Drug Delivery Nanovehicles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194013. [PMID: 36235958 PMCID: PMC9571646 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile technique for the preparation of mixed polylactide micelles from amorphous poly-D,L-lactide-block-polyethyleneglycol and crystalline amino-terminated poly-L-lactide is described. In comparison to the classical routine solvent substitution method, the ultrasonication assisted formation of polymer micelles allows shortening of the preparation time from several days to 15–20 min. The structure and morphology of mixed micelles were analyzed with the assistance of electron microscopy, dynamic and static light scattering and differential scanning calorimetery. The resulting polymer micelles have a hydrodynamic radius of about 150 nm and a narrow size distribution. The average molecular weight of micelles was found to be 2.1 × 107 and the aggregation number was calculated to be 6000. The obtained biocompatible particles were shown to possess low cytotoxicity, high colloid stability and high stability towards enzymatic hydrolysis. The possible application of mixed polylactide micelles as drug delivery vehicles was studied for the antitumor hydrophobic drug paclitaxel. The lethal concentration (LC50) of paclitaxel encapsulated in polylactide micelles was found to be 42 ± 4 µg/mL—a value equal to the LC50 of paclitaxel in the commercial drug Paclitaxel-Teva.
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Septani CM, Kua MF, Chen CY, Lin JM, Sun YS. Micellization, aggregation, and gelation of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) in cosolvents added with hydrochloric acid. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Septani CM, Shih O, Yeh YQ, Sun YS. Structural Evolution of a Polystyrene- Block-Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Block Copolymer in Tetrahydrofuran/Water Cosolvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5987-5995. [PMID: 35507040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to quantitatively investigate the effect of water content on the self-assembly behavior of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) in tetrahydrofuran/water cosolvents by small-angle X-ray scattering. PS-b-PEO chains preferentially form fractal aggregates at a dilute concentration in neat tetrahydrofuran (THF). By adding a small amount of water into THF, PS-b-PEO forms gelled networks. The gelled networks have correlated inhomogeneities, which were generated through mesophase separation. These gelled networks are not present when PS-b-PEO is dissolved in THF/methanol and THF/ethanol cosolvents. The substitution of water with 12 M HCl reduces the viscosity of the gelled networks. Those results indicate that the gelled networks of PS-b-PEO need hydrogen bonds formed from surrounding water molecules to be bridging agents, which connect different PEO block chains together. Upon increasing the water content in THF/water cosolvents, dispersed micelles with a core-shell conformation or aggregated micelles preferentially coexist with fractal aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Mutiara Septani
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Orion Shih
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qi Yeh
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Deng Q, Wang F, Gough CR, Hu X. Tunable microphase-regulated silk fibroin/poly (lactic acid) biocomposite materials generated from ionic liquids. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 197:55-67. [PMID: 34952094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the most effective and promising strategies to develop novel biomaterials with unique, tunable structure and physicochemical properties is by creating composite materials that combine synthetic polymers with natural proteins using ionic liquids. In this study, biodegradable poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) was blended with silk fibroin (SF) to create biocompatible films using an ionic liquid-based binary solvent system (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/N,N-dimethylformamide), which can maintain the molecular weights of the proteins/polymers and encourage intermolecular interactions between the molecules. The effects of varying the ratio of PLA to SF were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water contact angle testing, and cytotoxicity analysis as well as enzymatic degradation. Results showed that the composite films were homogeneously blended on the macroscopic scale and exhibited typical fully miscible polymer blend characteristics. By increasing the SF content in the composites, the amounts of β-sheets in the films were significantly increased, allowing for SF to act as a physical crosslinker to maintain the stability of the protein-polymer network. Additionally, SF significantly improved the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the material and promoted the self-assembly of micelle structures in the biocomposites. Different topologies in the films also provided beneficial surface morphology for cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation. Overall, this study demonstrated an effective fabrication method for a fine-tuned polymer blends combining synthetic polymer and protein for a wide variety of biomedical and green material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Deng
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Christopher R Gough
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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