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Yang H, Tian J, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zhang G. The Application of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV): Vaccine Vectors and Tumor Therapy. Viruses 2024; 16:886. [PMID: 38932177 PMCID: PMC11209082 DOI: 10.3390/v16060886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian pathogen with an unsegmented negative-strand RNA genome that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. While primarily pathogenic in birds, NDV presents no threat to human health, rendering it a safe candidate for various biomedical applications. Extensive research has highlighted the potential of NDV as a vector for vaccine development and gene therapy, owing to its transcriptional modularity, low recombination rate, and lack of a DNA phase during replication. Furthermore, NDV exhibits oncolytic capabilities, efficiently eliciting antitumor immune responses, thereby positioning it as a promising therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. This article comprehensively reviews the biological characteristics of NDV, elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying its oncolytic properties, and discusses its applications in the fields of vaccine vector development and tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Yang H, Lei G, Deng Z, Sun F, Tian Y, Cheng J, Yu H, Li C, Bai C, Zhang S, An G, Yang P. An Engineered Influenza a Virus Expressing the Co-Stimulator OX40L as an Oncolytic Agent Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:1-13. [PMID: 38223555 PMCID: PMC10787515 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s410703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has emerged as a promising novel form of immunotherapy. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have shown that the therapeutic efficacy of OV can be further improved by arming OVs with immune-stimulating molecules. Methods In this study, we used reverse genetics to produce a novel influenza A virus, termed IAV-OX40L, which contained the immune-stimulating molecule OX40L gene in the influenza virus nonstructural (NS1) protein gene. The oncolytic effect of IAV-OX40L was explored on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Results Hemagglutination titers of the IAV-OX40L virus were stably 27-28 in specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos. The morphology and size distribution of IAV-OX40L are similar to those of the wild-type influenza. Expression of OX40L protein was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. MTS assays showed that the cytotoxicity of IAV-OX40L was higher in HCC cells (HepG2 and Huh7) than in normal liver cells (MIHA) in a time- and dose-dependent manner in vitro. We found that intratumoral injection of IAV-OX40L reduced tumor growth and increased the survival rate of mice compared with PR8-treated controls in vivo. In addition, the pathological results showed that IAV-OX40L selectively destroyed tumor tissues without harming liver and lung tissues. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of the IAV-OX40L group were significantly increased in the splenic lymphocytes of mice. Further validation confirmed that IAV-OX40L enhanced the immune response mainly by activating Th1-dominant immune cells, releasing interferon-γ and interleukin-2. Conclusion Taken together, our findings demonstrate the novel chimeric influenza OV could provide a potential therapeutic strategy for combating HCC and improve the effectiveness of virotherapy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanglin Lei
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoya Deng
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Sun
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Tian
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Cheng
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Bai
- Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaogeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwen An
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 984 Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Houel A, Foloppe J. [Oncolytic viruses: Actors and deliverers of therapeutic proteins against tumors]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:845-854. [PMID: 38018928 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the unique ability of certain viruses to specifically target cancer cells has led to significant advancements in cancer immunotherapy research. In addition to inducing specific lysis of cancer cells, oncolytic viruses (OV) have been genetically modified to express molecules of interest within the tumor bed. The use of OV as vectors for therapeutic molecules has allowed to enhance antitumor responses while limiting the adverse effects associated with systemic administration of the molecule. Other studies are currently focused on delaying the neutralization and clearance of the virus by the host's immune system and improving its delivery insight tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Houel
- UMRS 1 135 Sorbonne université, Paris, France - Inserm U1135, Paris, France - Équipe « Microenvironnement immunitaire et immunothérapie », centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses (Cimi), faculté de médecine, Sorbonne université, Paris, France - Transgene, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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Pathak U, Pal RB, Malik N. The Viral Knock: Ameliorating Cancer Treatment with Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1626. [PMID: 37629483 PMCID: PMC10455894 DOI: 10.3390/life13081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prospect of cancer treatment has drastically transformed over the last four decades. The side effects caused by the traditional methods of cancer treatment like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy through the years highlight the prospect for a novel, complementary, and alternative cancer therapy. Oncolytic virotherapy is an evolving treatment modality that utilizes oncolytic viruses (OVs) to selectively attack cancer cells by direct lysis and can also elicit a strong anti-cancer immune response. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) provides a very high safety profile compared to other oncolytic viruses. Extensive research worldwide concentrates on experimenting with and better understanding the underlying mechanisms by which oncolytic NDV can be effectively applied to intercept cancer. This review encapsulates the potential of NDV to be explored as an oncolytic agent and discusses current preclinical and clinical research scenarios involving various NDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Pathak
- Sir H.N. Medical Research Society, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra, India
- Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Chembur, Mumbai 400071, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramprasad B. Pal
- Sir H.N. Medical Research Society, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai 400004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nagesh Malik
- Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Chembur, Mumbai 400071, Maharashtra, India
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Shahbaz A, Mahmood T, Javed MU, Abbasi BH. Current advances in microbial-based cancer therapies. Med Oncol 2023; 40:207. [PMID: 37330997 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have an immense metabolic capability and can adapt to a wide variety of environments; as a result, they share complicated relationships with cancer. The goal of microbial-based cancer therapy is to treat patients with cancers that are not easily treatable, by using tumor-specific infectious microorganisms. Nevertheless, a number of difficulties have been encountered as a result of the harmful effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and alternative cancer therapies, such as the toxicity to non-cancerous cells, the inability of medicines to penetrate deep tumor tissue, and the ongoing problem of rising drug resistance in tumor cells. Due to these difficulties, there is now a larger need for designing alternative strategies that are more effective and selective when targeting tumor cells. The fight against cancer has advanced significantly owing to cancer immunotherapy. The researchers have greatly benefited from their understanding of tumor-invading immune cells as well as the immune responses that are specifically targeted against cancer. Application of bacterial and viral cancer therapeutics offers promising potential to be employed as cancer treatments among immunotherapies. As a novel therapeutic strategy, microbial targeting of tumors has been created to address the persisting hurdles of cancer treatment. This review outlines the mechanisms by which both bacteria and viruses target and inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. Their ongoing clinical trials and possible modifications that can be made in the future have also been addressed in the following sections. These microbial-based cancer medicines have the ability to suppress cancer that builds up and multiplies in the tumor microenvironment and triggers antitumor immune responses, in contrast to other cancer medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Shahbaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medicine Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tehreem Mahmood
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair Javed
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Sun F, Xu Y, Deng Z, Yang P. A recombinant oncolytic influenza virus expressing a PD-L1 antibody induces CD8 + T-cell activation via the cGas-STING pathway in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110323. [PMID: 37207446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate targeted killing of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by a recombinant oncolytic influenza virus expressing a PD-L1 antibody (rgFlu/PD-L1) and to develop a novel immunotherapy for HCC. METHODS Using influenza virus reverse genetics, a recombinant oncolytic virus was generated in the background of the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) virus, then identified via screening and passage in specific pathogen-free chicken embryos. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell killing by rgFlu/PD-L1 was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome analyses were used to explore PD-L1 expression and function. Western blotting revealed that PD-L1 activated the cGas-STING pathway. RESULTS rgFlu/PD-L1 expressed the PD-L1 heavy and light chain in PB1 and PA, respectively; PR8 served as the backbone. The hemagglutinin titer of rgFlu/PD-L1 was 29, and the virus titer was 9-10 logTCID50/mL. Electron microscopy revealed that the rgFlu/PD-L1 morphology and size were consistent with wild-type influenza virus. The MTS assay showed that rgFlu/PD-L1 induced significant killing of HCC cells but not normal cells. rgFlu/PD-L1 inhibited PD-L1 expression and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Notably, rgFlu/PD-L1 controlled the viability and function of CD8+ T cells by activating the cGas-STING pathway. CONCLUSION rgFlu/PD-L1 activated the cGas-STING pathway in CD8+ T cells, causing them to kill HCC cells. This approach represents a novel immunotherapy for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sun
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoya Deng
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA, Beijing, China.
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Li Q, Tan F, Wang Y, Liu X, Kong X, Meng J, Yang L, Cen S. The gamble between oncolytic virus therapy and IFN. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971674. [PMID: 36090998 PMCID: PMC9453641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies are being conducted on oncolytic virotherapy which one of the mechanisms is mediating interferon (IFN) production by it exerts antitumor effects. The antiviral effect of IFN itself has a negative impact on the inhibition of oncolytic virus or tumor eradication. Therefore, it is very critical to understand the mechanism of IFN regulation by oncolytic viruses, and to define its mechanism is of great significance for improving the antitumor effect of oncolytic viruses. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of IFNs by various oncolytic viruses and their combination therapies. In addition, the exerting and the producing pathways of IFNs are briefly summarized, and some current issues are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Li
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxian Tan
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
| | - Jingyan Meng
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
| | - Long Yang
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbin Kong, ; Jingyan Meng, ; Long Yang, ; Shan Cen,
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Meraviglia-Crivelli D, Zheleva A, Barainka M, Moreno B, Villanueva H, Pastor F. Therapeutic Strategies to Enhance Tumor Antigenicity: Making the Tumor Detectable by the Immune System. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081842. [PMID: 36009389 PMCID: PMC9405394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the oncology field, but many patients still do not respond to current immunotherapy approaches. One of the main challenges in broadening the range of responses to this type of treatment is the limited source of tumor neoantigens. T cells constitute a main line of defense against cancer, and the decisive step to trigger their activation is mediated by antigen recognition. Antigens allow the immune system to differentiate between self and foreign, which constitutes a critical step in recognition of cancer cells and the consequent development or control of the malignancy. One of the keystones to achieving a successful antitumor response is the presence of potent tumor antigens, known as neoantigens. However, tumors develop strategies to evade the immune system and resist current immunotherapies, and many tumors present a low tumor mutation burden limiting the presence of tumor antigenicity. Therefore, new approaches must be taken into consideration to overcome these shortcomings. The possibility of making tumors more antigenic represents a promising front to further improve the success of immunotherapy in cancer. Throughout this review, we explored different state-of-the-art tools to induce the presentation of new tumor antigens by intervening at protein, mRNA or genomic levels in malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meraviglia-Crivelli
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angelina Zheleva
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Martin Barainka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Moreno
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Helena Villanueva
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
| | - Fernando Pastor
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (B.M.); (H.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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