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Zhang J, Yue C, Lin Y, Tian J, Guo Y, Zhang D, Guo Y, Ye B, Chai Y, Qi J, Zhao Y, Gao GF, Sun Z, Liu J. Uncommon P1 Anchor-featured Viral T Cell Epitope Preference within HLA-A*2601 and HLA-A*0101 Individuals. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:415-430. [PMID: 38885041 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The individual HLA-related susceptibility to emerging viral diseases such as COVID-19 underscores the importance of understanding how HLA polymorphism influences peptide presentation and T cell recognition. Similar to HLA-A*0101, which is one of the earliest identified HLA alleles among the human population, HLA-A*2601 possesses a similar characteristic for the binding peptide and acts as a prevalent allomorph in HLA-I. In this study, we found that, compared with HLA-A*0101, HLA-A*2601 individuals exhibit distinctive features for the T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus after infection and/or vaccination. The heterogeneous T cell responses can be attributed to the distinct preference of HLA-A*2601 and HLA-A*0101 to T cell epitope motifs with negative-charged residues at the P1 and P3 positions, respectively. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structures of the HLA-A*2601 complexed to four peptides derived from SARS-CoV-2 and human papillomavirus, with one structure of HLA-A*0101 for comparison. The shallow pocket C of HLA-A*2601 results in the promiscuous presentation of peptides with "switchable" bulged conformations because of the secondary anchor in the median portion. Notably, the hydrogen bond network formed between the negative-charged P1 anchors and the HLA-A*2601-specific residues lead to a "closed" conformation and solid placement for the P1 secondary anchor accommodation in pocket A. This insight sheds light on the intricate relationship between HLA I allelic allomorphs, peptide binding, and the immune response and provides valuable implications for understanding disease susceptibility and potential vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Can Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yin Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinmin Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Danni Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Beiwei Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Smith TJ. Fibrocyte Participation in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Suggests New Approaches to Therapy. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:S9-S18. [PMID: 38054981 PMCID: PMC10703002 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Review the historical context of research and changing therapeutic landscape of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) by focusing on the relationship between TAO, CD34+ fibrocytes, thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR). METHODS A literature review using search terms, including fibrocytes, IGF-IR, TSHR, TAO, and thyroid eye disease. RESULTS The mechanisms involved in TAO have been partially identified. Substantial progress has been made over several decades, including 1) recognizing the interplay between the professional immune system and orbital tissues; 2) TSHR and IGF-IR act interdependently in mediating the pathogenesis of TAO; 3) Multiple cytokines and specific immune cells are involved in activating and remodeling orbital tissue; 4) Recognition of these mechanisms is allowing the development of target therapies such as teprotumumab, a monoclonal antibody IGF-IR inhibitor approved by the US Food and drug administration for treatment of TAO; and 5) It appears that teprotumumab acts on the systemic immune system peripheral to the orbit. CONCLUSION Additional molecules targeting IGF-IR and other plausible disease mechanisms are currently under development. This activity in the TAO therapeutic space portends even greater improvements in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry J. Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
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Stasiak M, Stasiak B, Zawadzka-Starczewska K, Lewiński A. Significance of HLA in Graves' disease and Graves' orbitopathy in Asian and Caucasian populations - a systematic review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256922. [PMID: 37841270 PMCID: PMC10568027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' orbitopathy (GO) development were suspected to be HLA-related in both Asian and Caucasian populations. However, most studies were performed with application of serological methods or low resolution genetic typing, which led to inconsistent results even among the same population. The present review is intended to summarize the state-of-art knowledge on the HLA significance in GD and GO in Asians and Caucasians, as well as to find the most significant alleles for each of the populations. Methods PubMed was searched for relevant articles using the following search terms: HLA plus thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy or Graves' disease or Graves' orbitopathy or thyroid eye disease or thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Results In Asian population GD was found to be associated mostly with B*46:01, DPB1*05:01, DRB1*08:02/03, DRB1*16:02, DRB1*14:03, DRB1*04:05, DQB1*05:02 and DQB1*03:03, while DRB1*07:01, DRB1*01:01, DRB1*13:02, DRB1*12:02 are potentially protective. HLA-B*38:02, DRB1*16:02, DQA1*01:02, DQB1*05:02 can be considered associated with increased risk of GO in Asians, while HLA-B*54:01 may play protective role. In Caucasians, C*07:01, DQA1*05:01, DRB1*03, DQB1*02:01 are associated with GD risk while DRB1*07:01, DQA1*02:01 may be protective. Significance of HLA in the course of GD and novel aspects of HLA amino acid variants and potential HLA-based treatment modalities were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stasiak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stasiak
- Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Trovato M, Valenti A. Medical Applications of Molecular Biotechnologies in the Context of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2114. [PMID: 37371008 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a gender autoimmune disease that is manifested by chronic inflammation of the thyroid. Clinical trial studies (CTSs) use molecular biotechnologies (MB) to approach HT appearance. The aims of this study were to analyze the applications of MB in CTSs carried out in HT populations (HT-CTSs). Further, to evaluate the role of MB in the context of the hygiene hypothesis (HH). From 75 HT-CTSs found at clinicaltrials.gov web place, forty-five were considered for this investigation. Finally, six HT-CTSs were reported as molecular HT-CTSs (mHT-CTSs) because these were planning to utilize MB. Two of mHT-CTSs were programmed on the French population to isolate DNA viral sequences. Blood, urine, and thyroid tissue biospecimens were analyzed to pick out the parvo and polyoma viruses. Two mHT-CTSs carried out in China aimed to identify oral and fecal microbiotas by measuring PCR sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Two mHT-CTSs were programmed in the USA and Greece, respectively, for interception of DNA polymorphisms to associate with genetic susceptibility to HT. In conclusion, MB are mainly employed in HT-CTSs for infective pathogenesis and genetic fingerprinting of HT. Furthermore, MB do not provide evidence of HH; however, they are useful for providing direct evidence of the presence of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trovato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Valenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Stasiak M, Zawadzka-Starczewska K, Tymoniuk B, Stasiak B, Lewiński A. Associations between Lipid Profiles and Graves' Orbitopathy can Be HLA-Dependent. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1209. [PMID: 37372389 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is related to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile and was demonstrated to be increased in patients with elevated total cholesterol (TC) and/or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. We hypothesized that there were some HLA alleles that were related to both GO and TC and/or LDL levels. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the TC/LDL results in patients in whom GO-related HLA alleles were present to those in whom they did not occur. HLA classes were genotyped using a next-generation sequencing method in 118 patients with Graves' disease (GD), including 63 and 55 patients with and without GO, respectively. Lipid profiles were assessed at the time of the GD diagnosis. A significant correlation between the presence of GO high-risk alleles (HLA-B*37:01 and C*03:02) and higher TC/LDL levels was found. Additionally, the presence of alleles associated with non-GO GD (HLA-C*17:01 and B*08:01), as well as alleles in linkage disequilibrium with B*08:01 (i.e., HLA-DRB1*03:01 and DQB1*02:01), was correlated with lower TC levels. These results further confirm the significance of TC/LDL in the risk of GO development and provide evidence that associations between TC/LDL and GO can be HLA-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stasiak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawadzka-Starczewska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogusław Tymoniuk
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stasiak
- Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 215 Wolczanska St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
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Radziszewski M, Kuś A, Bednarczuk T. Genotype-phenotype correlations in Graves' disease. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101745. [PMID: 36828713 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease affecting with varying degrees of severity the thyroid gland, orbital tissues and skin. The pathogenesis of GD involves a complex interplay between multiple genetic, environmental and endogenous factors. Although the genetic predisposition to GD is well established, the significance of genotype-phenotype correlations and the role of epigenetic modifications in the disease pathogenesis remains largely unknown. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of genotype-phenotype correlations and summarize possible clinical implications of genetic and epigenetic markers in GD patients. We will specifically discuss the association of genetic markers and epigenetic modifications with age of GD onset, severity of Graves' hyperthyroidism and the development of clinically evident Graves' orbitopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Radziszewski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Kuś
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Bednarczuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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