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Yang F, Ge J, Guo Y, Olmstead R, Sun W. Deciphering complex reticulate evolution of Asian Buddleja (Scrophulariaceae): insights into the taxonomy and speciation of polyploid taxa in the Sino-Himalayan region. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:15-28. [PMID: 36722368 PMCID: PMC10550280 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Species of the genus Buddleja in Asia are mainly distributed in the Sino-Himalayan region and form a challenging taxonomic group, with extensive hybridization and polyploidization. A phylogenetic approach to unravelling the history of reticulation in this lineage will deepen our understanding of the speciation in biodiversity hotspots. METHODS For this study, we obtained 80 accessions representing all the species in the Asian Buddleja clade, and the ploidy level of each taxon was determined by flow cytometry analyses. Whole plastid genomes, nuclear ribosomal DNA, single nucleotide polymorphisms and a large number of low-copy nuclear genes assembled from genome skimming data were used to investigate the reticulate evolutionary history of Asian Buddleja. Complex cytonuclear conflicts were detected through a comparison of plastid and species trees. Gene tree incongruence was also analysed to detect any reticulate events in the history of this lineage. KEY RESULTS Six hybridization events were detected, which are able to explain the cytonuclear conflict in Asian Buddleja. Furthermore, PhyloNet analysis combining species ploidy data indicated several allopolyploid speciation events. A strongly supported species tree inferred from a large number of low-copy nuclear genes not only corrected some earlier misinterpretations, but also indicated that there are many Asian Buddleja species that have been lumped mistakenly. Divergent time estimation shows two periods of rapid diversification (8-10 and 0-3 Mya) in the Asian Buddleja clade, which might coincide with the final uplift of the Hengduan Mountains and Quaternary climate fluctuations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a well-supported phylogenetic backbone for the Asian Buddleja species, elucidates their complex and reticulate evolutionary history and suggests that tectonic activity, climate fluctuations, polyploidization and hybridization together promoted the diversification of this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia Ge
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongjie Guo
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species of China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Richard Olmstead
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Weibang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
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Zhang T, Meng J, Yang F, Li X, Yin X, Zhang J, He S. Genome-wide assessment of population genetic and demographic history in Magnolia odoratissima based on SLAF-seq. CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Qiao Y, Liu J, Gong X. Phylogeography of Himalrandia lichiangensis from the dry-hot valleys in Southwest China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1002519. [PMID: 36325543 PMCID: PMC9618719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1002519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both changing tectonics and climate may shape the phylogeographic patterns of plant species. The dry-hot valleys in southwestern China harbor a high number of endemic plants. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary history and potential distribution of an endemic shrub Himalrandia lichiangensis (Rubiaceae), to evaluate the effects of tectonic and climatic processes on this thermophilic plant species from the dry-hot valleys. By sequencing DNA from four plastid non-coding regions (psbM-trnD, trnD-trnT, atpB-rbcL and accD-psaI) and the CAMX1F-CAMX2R region and ITS for 423 individuals from 23 populations, we investigated the genetic diversity, phylogeographical pattern and population dynamics of H. lichiangensis. We found a high degree of differentiation in H. lichiangensis during the middle Miocene (15-13 Myr), possibly triggered by the rapid tectonic uplift event in this period area. accompanied by frequent orogeneses in this period. This hypothesis is also supported by the association between genetic differentiation and altitudinal gradients among populations. The middle reach of the Jinsha River, which harbors the greatest genetic diversity, is most likely to have been a refugia for H. lichiangensis during Quaternary. We also detected a strong barrier effect between the Nanpan River and Jinsha River, suggesting the river system may play a role in geographical isolation between clades on both sides of the barrier. The Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) results showed that future climate warming will lead to the niche expansion in some areas for H. lichiangensis but will also cause a scattered and fragmented distribution. Given the high among-population differentiation and no recent expansion detected in H. lichiangensis, its current phylogeographical pattern is possibly due to a long-term geographical barrier caused by uplifting mountains since the Miocene, as well as Quaternary climate refugia isolated also by high mountains. This study illustrated tectonic and climatic processes may have a continuous effect on plant phylogeography and offers insights into the origin of biodiversity and endemism in the dry-hot valleys of southwestern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomei Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Fukutani K, Matsui M, Tran DV, Nishikawa K. Genetic diversity and demography of Bufo japonicus and B. torrenticola (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) influenced by the Quaternary climate. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13452. [PMID: 35698618 PMCID: PMC9188313 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Quaternary climate affected the present species richness and geographic distribution patterns of amphibians by limiting their activities during the glacial period. The present study examined the phylogenetic relationships of Japanese toads (Bufo japonicus and B. torrenticola) and the demography of each lineage from the past to the present based on mitochondrial sequences and ecological niche models. Japanese toads are a monophyletic group with two main clades (clades A and B). Clade A represents B. j. formosus, including three clades (clades A1, A2, and A3). Clade B contains three clades, two of which corresponded to B. j. japonicus (clades B1 and B2) and the other to B. torrenticola. Clade B2 and B. torrenticola made a sister group, and, thus, B. j. japonicus is paraphyletic. Clades A and B diverged in the late Miocene 5.7 million years ago (Mya) during the period when the Japanese archipelago was constructed. The earliest divergence between the three clades of clade A was estimated at 1.8 Mya. Clades A1 and A2 may have diverged at 0.8 Mya, resulting from the isolation in the multiple different refugia; however, the effects of the glacial climate on the divergence events of clade A3 are unclear. Divergences within clade B occurred from the late Pliocene to the early Pleistocene (3.2-2.2 Mya). Niche similarity between the parapatric clade in clade B (clades B1 and B2) indicated their allopatric divergence. It was suggested that niche segregation between B. japonicus and B. torrenticola contributed to a rapid adaptation of B. torrenticola for lotic breeding. All clade of Japanese toads retreated to each refugium at a low elevation in the glacial period, and effective population sizes increased to construct the current populations after the Last Glacial Maximum. Furthermore, we highlight the areas of climate stability from the last glacial maximum to the present that have served as the refugia of Japanese toads and, thus, affected their present distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Fukutani
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsui
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dung Van Tran
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Wildlife Department, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kanto Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Yang F, Cai L, Dao Z, Sun W. Genomic Data Reveals Population Genetic and Demographic History of Magnolia fistulosa (Magnoliaceae), a Plant Species With Extremely Small Populations in Yunnan Province, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:811312. [PMID: 35251084 PMCID: PMC8892343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.811312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the genetic background of threatened species is fundamental to their management and conservation, and investigating the demographic history of these species is helpful in the determination of the threats facing them. The woody species of the genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) have high economic, scientific and ecological values. Although nearly half of all Magnolia species have been evaluated as threatened, to date there has been no population genetic study employing Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology in this genus. In the present study, we investigate the conservation genomics of Magnolia fistulosa, a threatened species endemic to the limestone area along the Sino-Vietnamese border, using a double digest restriction-site-associated DNA-sequencing (ddRAD-seq) approach. To increase the reliability of our statistical inferences, we employed two approaches, Stacks and ipyrad, for SNP calling. A total of 15,272 and 18,960, respectively, putatively neutral SNPs were generated by Stacks and ipyrad. Relatively high genetic diversity and large population divergence were detected in M. fistulosa. Although higher absolute values were calculated using the ipyrad data set, the two data sets showed the same trends in genetic diversity (π, H e), population differentiation (F ST) and inbreeding coefficients (F IS). A change in the effective population size of M. fistulosa within the last 1 Ma was detected, including a population decline about 0.5-0.8 Ma ago, a bottleneck event about 0.2-0.3 Ma ago, population fluctuations during the last glacial stage, and the recovery of effective population size after the last glacial maximum. Our findings not only lay the foundation for the future conservation of this species, but also provide new insights into the evolutionary history of the genus Magnolia in southeastern Yunnan, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmao Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species With Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species With Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiling Dao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species With Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Weibang Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species With Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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