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Wu Q, Mao S, Huang H, Liu J, Chen X, Hou L, Tian Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang Y, Huang K. Chromosome-scale reference genome of broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) provides insights into glucosinolate biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae063. [PMID: 38720933 PMCID: PMC11077082 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) is an important vegetable crop, as it is rich in health-beneficial glucosinolates (GSLs). However, the genetic basis of the GSL diversity in Brassicaceae remains unclear. Here we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of broccoli generated using PacBio HiFi reads and Hi-C technology. The final genome assembly is 613.79 Mb in size, with a contig N50 of 14.70 Mb. The GSL profile and content analysis of different B. oleracea varieties, combined with a phylogenetic tree analysis, sequence alignment, and the construction of a 3D model of the methylthioalkylmalate synthase 1 (MAM1) protein, revealed that the gene copy number and amino acid sequence variation both contributed to the diversity of GSL biosynthesis in B. oleracea. The overexpression of BoMAM1 (BolI0108790) in broccoli resulted in high accumulation and a high ratio of C4-GSLs, demonstrating that BoMAM1 is the key enzyme in C4-GSL biosynthesis. These results provide valuable insights for future genetic studies and nutritive component applications of Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Shuxiang Mao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Huiping Huang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Linghui Hou
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Yuxiao Tian
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
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Shen F, Xu S, Shen Q, Bi C, Lysak MA. The allotetraploid horseradish genome provides insights into subgenome diversification and formation of critical traits. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4102. [PMID: 37491530 PMCID: PMC10368706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyploidization can provide a wealth of genetic variation for adaptive evolution and speciation, but understanding the mechanisms of subgenome evolution as well as its dynamics and ultimate consequences remains elusive. Here, we report the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free reference genome of allotetraploid horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) sequenced using a comprehensive strategy. The (epi)genomic architecture and 3D chromatin structure of the A and B subgenomes differ significantly, suggesting that both the dynamics of the dominant long terminal repeat retrotransposons and DNA methylation have played critical roles in subgenome diversification. Investigation of the genetic basis of biosynthesis of glucosinolates (GSLs) and horseradish peroxidases reveals both the important role of polyploidization and subgenome differentiation in shaping the key traits. Continuous duplication and divergence of essential genes of GSL biosynthesis (e.g., FMOGS-OX, IGMT, and GH1 gene family) contribute to the broad GSL profile in horseradish. Overall, the T2T assembly of the allotetraploid horseradish genome expands our understanding of polyploid genome evolution and provides a fundamental genetic resource for breeding and genetic improvement of horseradish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shixiao Xu
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Genome Research Center, Leeuwenhoek Biotechnology Inc., Hong Kong, China
- Shangji Biotechnology Inc., Tianjin, China
- PheniX, Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changwei Bi
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Martin A Lysak
- Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Wang P, Cao W, Yang L, Zhang Y, Fang Z, Zhuang M, Lv H, Wang Y, Cheng S, Ji J. Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Genes of Cabbage: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Expression Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:476. [PMID: 36833404 PMCID: PMC9956868 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is a vegetable rich in glucosinolates (GSLs) that have proven health benefits. To gain insights into the synthesis of GSLs in cabbage, we systematically analyzed GSLs biosynthetic genes (GBGs) in the entire cabbage genome. In total, 193 cabbage GBGs were identified, which were homologous to 106 GBGs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Most GBGs in cabbage have undergone negative selection. Many homologous GBGs in cabbage and Chinese cabbage differed in expression patterns indicating the unique functions of these homologous GBGs. Spraying five exogenous hormones significantly altered expression levels of GBGs in cabbage. For example, MeJA significantly upregulated side chain extension genes BoIPMILSU1-1 and BoBCAT-3-1, and the expression of core structure construction genes BoCYP83A1 and BoST5C-1, while ETH significantly repressed the expression of side chain extension genes such as BoIPMILSU1-1, BoCYP79B2-1, and BoMAMI-1, and some transcription factors, namely BoMYB28-1, BoMYB34-1, BoMYB76-1, BoCYP79B2-1, and BoMAMI-1. Phylogenetically, the CYP83 family and CYP79B and CYP79F subfamilies may only be involved in GSL synthesis in cruciferous plants. Our unprecedented identification and analysis of GBGs in cabbage at the genome-wide level lays a foundation for the regulation of GSLs synthesis through gene editing and overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenxue Cao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hunan Agricultural University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shanhan Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jialei Ji
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhou B, Huang W, Feng X, Liu Q, Ibrahim SA, Liu Y. Identification and quantification of intact glucosinolates at different vegetative growth periods in Chinese cabbage cultivars by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Food Chem 2022; 393:133414. [PMID: 35696949 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate glucosinolate variations in Chinese cabbage cultivars at different growth periods. Glucosinolates in two types of Chinese cabbage (Xiayangbai and Zaoshu-5) at different growth periods (seeds, germination, seedling, and rosette period) were investigated. Thirteen glucosinolates were identified and quantified using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Concentrations of the glucosinolates were significantly different between Xiayangbai and Zaoshu-5. The seed period generated the highest concentration of glucosinolates, and aliphatic glucosinolate predominated in seeds, seedling, and leaves of the rosette as well as during germination. However, the dominant glucosinolate in the roots was an aromatic glucosinolate (gluconasturtiin). In addition, glucoerucin was only found in the roots of rosettes. There were positive significant correlations with each other among gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin, and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin. Our results released the metabolism pathways of glucosinolates in Chinese cabbage, which provided scientific evidence to develop functional foods with higher glucosinolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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5
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Glucosinolates and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Brassicaceae with Emphasis on Cabbage: A Review. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:451-470. [PMID: 36057909 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) and GSL-associated genes are receiving increasing attention from molecular biologists due to their multifunctional properties. GSLs are secondary metabolites considered to be highly active in most Brassica species. Their importance has motivated the discovery and functional analysis of the GSLs and GSL hydrolysis products involved in disease development in brassicas and other plants. Comprehensive knowledge of the GSL content of Brassica species and the molecular details of GSL-related genes will help elucidate the molecular control of this plant defense system. This report provides an overview of the current status of knowledge on GSLs, GSL biosynthesis, as well as hydrolysis related genes, and GSL hydrolysis products that regulate fungal, bacterial, and insect resistance in cabbage and other brassicas.
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Wang S, Shi M, Zhang Y, Pan Z, Xie X, Zhang L, Sun P, Feng H, Xue H, Fang C, Zhao J. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor FaMYB63 participates in regulation of eugenol production in strawberry. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:2146-2165. [PMID: 35043961 PMCID: PMC8968321 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway of volatile phenylpropanoids, including 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol), has been investigated in petunia (Petunia hybrida). However, the regulatory network for eugenol accumulation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruit remains unclear. Here, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor (TF; FaMYB63) was isolated from strawberry by yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) screening using the promoter of the FaEGS1 (eugenol synthase 1 [EGS 1]) gene, which encodes the enzyme responsible for the last step in eugenol biosynthesis. FaMYB63 is phylogenetically distinct from other R2R3-MYB TFs, including FaEOBІІ (EMISSION OF BENZENOID II [EOBII]), which also participates in regulating eugenol biosynthesis in strawberry receptacles. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays showed that the expression of FaMYB63 was tissue-specific and consistent with eugenol content through strawberry fruit development, was repressed by abscisic acid, and was activated by auxins (indole-3-acetic acid). Overexpression and RNA interference-mediated silencing of FaMYB63 resulted in marked changes in the transcript levels of the biosynthetic genes FaEGS1, FaEGS2, and FaCAD1 (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1 [CAD1]) and, thereby, the accumulation of eugenol. Electrophoretic mobility shift, Y1H, GUS activity, and dual-luciferase activity assays demonstrated that the transcript levels of FaEOBІІ and FaMYB10 were regulated by FaMYB63, but not the other way around. Together, these results demonstrate that FaMYB63 directly activates FaEGS1, FaEGS2, FaCAD1, FaEOBІІ, and FaMYB10 to induce eugenol biosynthesis during strawberry fruit development. These findings deepen the understanding of the regulatory network that influences eugenol metabolism in an edible fruit crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Mengyun Shi
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhifei Pan
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xingbin Xie
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Linzhong Zhang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Huan Feng
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hao Xue
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Muthusamy M, Kim JH, Kim SH, Park SY, Lee SI. BrPP5.2 Overexpression Confers Heat Shock Tolerance in Transgenic Brassica rapa through Inherent Chaperone Activity, Induced Glucosinolate Biosynthesis, and Differential Regulation of Abiotic Stress Response Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126437. [PMID: 34208567 PMCID: PMC8234546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant phosphoprotein phosphatases are ubiquitous and multifarious enzymes that respond to developmental requirements and stress signals through reversible dephosphorylation of target proteins. In this study, we investigated the hitherto unknown functions of Brassica rapa protein phosphatase 5.2 (BrPP5.2) by transgenic overexpression of B. rapa lines. The overexpression of BrPP5.2 in transgenic lines conferred heat shock tolerance in 65–89% of the young transgenic seedlings exposed to 46 °C for 25 min. The examination of purified recombinant BrPP5.2 at different molar ratios efficiently prevented the thermal aggregation of malate dehydrogenase at 42 °C, thus suggesting that BrPP5.2 has inherent chaperone activities. The transcriptomic dynamics of transgenic lines, as determined using RNA-seq, revealed that 997 and 1206 (FDR < 0.05, logFC ≥ 2) genes were up- and down-regulated, as compared to non-transgenic controls. Statistical enrichment analyses revealed abiotic stress response genes, including heat stress response (HSR), showed reduced expression in transgenic lines under optimal growth conditions. However, most of the HSR DEGs were upregulated under high temperature stress (37 °C/1 h) conditions. In addition, the glucosinolate biosynthesis gene expression and total glucosinolate content increased in the transgenic lines. These findings provide a new avenue related to BrPP5.2 downstream genes and their crucial metabolic and heat stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Muthusamy
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Jong Hee Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.Y.P.)
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyung National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Suk Hee Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (M.M.); (J.H.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.Y.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-4618; Fax: +82-63-238-4604
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Zhang J, Zhao J, Tan Q, Qiu X, Mei S. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key genes associated with pigmentation in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) skin and flesh. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11434. [PMID: 34075070 PMCID: PMC8169917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus) is an important vegetable worldwide that exhibits different flesh and skin colors. The anthocyanins responsible for the red and purple coloring in radishes possess nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. To explore the structural and regulatory networks related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and identify key genes, we performed comparative transcriptome analyses of the skin and flesh of six colored radish accessions. The transcript profiles showed that each accession had a species-specific transcript profile. For radish pigmentation accumulation, the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (RsTT4, RsC4H, RsTT7, RsCCOAMT, RsDFR, and RsLDOX) were significantly upregulated in the red- and purple-colored accessions, but were downregulated or absent in the white and black accessions. The correlation test, combined with metabolome (PCC > 0.95), revealed five structural genes (RsTT4, RsDFR, RsCCOAMT, RsF3H, and RsBG8L) and three transcription factors (RsTT8-1, RsTT8-2, and RsPAR1) to be significantly correlated with flavonoids in the skin of the taproot. Four structural genes (RsBG8L, RsDFR, RsCCOAMT, and RsLDOX) and nine transcription factors (RsTT8-1, RsTT8-2, RsMYB24L, RsbHLH57, RsPAR2L, RsbHLH113L, RsOGR3L, RsMYB24, and RsMYB34L) were found to be significantly correlated with metabolites in the flesh of the taproot. This study provides a foundation for future studies on the gene functions and genetic diversity of radish pigmentation and should aid in the cultivation of new valuable radish varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifang Zhang
- grid.464342.3Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China ,Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- grid.410753.4Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qunyun Tan
- grid.464342.3Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China ,Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojun Qiu
- grid.464342.3Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China ,Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyong Mei
- grid.464342.3Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China ,Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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9
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Metabolomics and transcriptome analysis of the biosynthesis mechanism of flavonoids in the seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb at different developmental stages. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:953-970. [PMID: 34009475 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids belong to polyphenolic compounds, which are widely distributed in plants and have rich functions. Euryale ferox Salisb is an important medicinal and edible homologous plant, and flavonoids are its main functional substances. However, the biosynthesis mechanism of flavonoids in E. ferox is still poorly understood. To explore the dynamic changes of flavonoid biosynthesis during the development of E. ferox seeds, the targeted flavonoid metabolome was determined. A total of 129 kinds of flavonoid metabolites were characterized in the seeds of E. ferox, including 11 flavanones, 8 dihydroflavanols, 16 flavanols, 29 flavones, 3 isoflavones, 12 anthocyanins, 29 flavonols, 6 flavonoid carbonosides, 3 chalcones and 13 proanthocyanidins. The relative content of flavonoid metabolites accumulated continuously during the development of E. ferox seeds, and reached the highest at T30. In transcriptome, the expression of key genes in the flavonoid pathway, such as PAL, CHS, F3H, FLS, ANS, was highest in T30, which was consistent with the trend of metabolites. Six candidate transcription factors (R2R3MYBs and bHLHs) may affect the biosynthesis of flavonoids by regulating the expression of structural genes. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis and exogenous ABA and SA treatment demonstrated that ABA (PYR1, PP2Cs, SnRK2s) and SA (NPR1) are involved in the positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. This study clarified the differential changes of flavonoid metabolites during the development of E. ferox seeds, confirmed that ABA and SA promote the synthesis of flavonoids, and found key candidate genes that are involved in the regulation of ABA and SA in the positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Pacifico D, Lanzanova C, Pagnotta E, Bassolino L, Mastrangelo AM, Marone D, Matteo R, Lo Scalzo R, Balconi C. Sustainable Use of Bioactive Compounds from Solanum Tuberosum and Brassicaceae Wastes and by-Products for Crop Protection-A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:2174. [PMID: 33918886 PMCID: PMC8070479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defatted seed meals of oleaginous Brassicaceae, such as Eruca sativa, and potato peel are excellent plant matrices to recover potentially useful biomolecules from industrial processes in a circular strategy perspective aiming at crop protection. These biomolecules, mainly glycoalkaloids and phenols for potato and glucosinolates for Brassicaceae, have been proven to be effective against microbes, fungi, nematodes, insects, and even parasitic plants. Their role in plant protection is overviewed, together with the molecular basis of their synthesis in plant, and the description of their mechanisms of action. Possible genetic and biotechnological strategies are presented to increase their content in plants. Genetic mapping and identification of closely linked molecular markers are useful to identify the loci/genes responsible for their accumulation and transfer them to elite cultivars in breeding programs. Biotechnological approaches can be used to modify their allelic sequence and enhance the accumulation of the bioactive compounds. How the global challenges, such as reducing agri-food waste and increasing sustainability and food safety, could be addressed through bioprotector applications are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pacifico
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Lanzanova
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Laura Bassolino
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniela Marone
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Balconi
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
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Liu Y, Rossi M, Liang X, Zhang H, Zou L, Ong CN. An Integrated Metabolomics Study of Glucosinolate Metabolism in Different Brassicaceae Genera. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080313. [PMID: 32751925 PMCID: PMC7463649 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are a group of plant secondary metabolites that can be hydrolyzed into a variety of breakdown products such as isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, and nitriles. These breakdown products can facilitate plant defense and function as attractants to natural enemies of insect pests. As part of the diet, some of these compounds have shown cancer-preventing activities, and the levels of these metabolites in the edible parts of the plants are of interest. In this study, we systematically examined variations in glucosinolates, their precursors, and their breakdown products in 12 commonly consumed vegetables of the Brassicaceae family with gas chromatography—quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-Q-TOF/MS), liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-Q-TOF/MS), and liquid chromatography—triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-QQQ/MS), using both untargeted and targeted approaches. The findings were integrated with data from literature to provide a comprehensive map of pathways for biosynthesis of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. The levels of precursor glucosinolates are found to correlate well with their downstream breakdown products. Further, the types and abundances of glucosinolates among different genera are significantly different, and these data allow the classification of plants based on morphological taxonomy. Further validation on three genera, which are grown underground, in damp soil, and above ground, suggests that each genus has its specific biosynthetic pathways and that there are variations in some common glucosinolate biosynthesis pathways. Our methods and results provide a good starting point for further investigations into specific aspects of glucosinolate metabolism in the Brassica vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China;
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Merja Rossi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xu Liang
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Li Zou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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