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Sun P, Yuan H, Pan J, Wu Z, Li W, Wang X, Kuang H, Chen J. A WOX homolog disrupted by a transposon led to the loss of spines and contributed to the domestication of lettuce. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2857-2871. [PMID: 38584520 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The loss of spines is one of the most important domestication traits for lettuce (Lactuca sativa). However, the genetics and regulation of spine development in lettuce remain unclear. We examined the genetics of spines in lettuce using a segregating population derived from a cross between cultivated and wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola). A gene encoding WUSCHEL-related homeobox transcription factor, named as WOX-SPINE1 (WS1), was identified as the candidate gene controlling the spine development in lettuce, and its function on spines was verified. A CACTA transposon was found to be inserted into the first exon of the ws1 allele, knocking out its function and leading to the lack of spines in cultivated lettuce. All lettuce cultivars investigated have the nonfunctional ws1 gene, and a selection sweep was found at the WS1 locus, suggesting its important role in lettuce domestication. The expression levels of WS1 were associated with the density of spines among different accessions of wild lettuce. At least two independent loss-of-function mutations in the ws1 gene caused the loss of spines in wild lettuce. These findings provide new insights into the development of spines and facilitate the exploitation of wild genetic resources in future lettuce breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peinan Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanran Yuan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangpeng Pan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Weibo Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanhui Kuang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiongjiong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
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Gao L, Cao J, Gong S, Hao N, Du Y, Wang C, Wu T. The COPII subunit CsSEC23 mediates fruit glossiness in cucumber. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:524-540. [PMID: 37460197 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the mechanism underlying cucumber glossiness regulation, a novel cucumber mutant with a glossy peel (Csgp) was identified. MutMap, genotyping, and gene editing results demonstrated that CsSEC23, which is the core component of COPII vesicles, mediates the glossiness of cucumber fruit peel. CsSEC23 is functionally conserved and located in the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. CsSEC23 could interact with CsSEC31, but this interaction was absent in the Csgp mutant, which decreased the efficiency of COPII vesicle transportation. Genes related to wax and cutin transport were upregulated in the Csgp mutant, and the cuticle structure of the Csgp-mutant peel became thinner. Moreover, the wax and cutin contents were also changed due to CsSEC23 mutation. Taken together, the results obtained from this study revealed that CsSEC23 mediates cucumber glossiness, and this mediating might be affected by COPII vesicle transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Gao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (vegetables, tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (vegetables, tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha, 410128, China
- Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Siyu Gong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yalin Du
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (vegetables, tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha, 410128, China
- Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (vegetables, tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha, 410128, China
- Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (vegetables, tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha, 410128, China
- Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Feng Z, Sun L, Dong M, Fan S, Shi K, Qu Y, Zhu L, Shi J, Wang W, Liu Y, Song L, Weng Y, Liu X, Ren H. Novel players in organogenesis and flavonoid biosynthesis in cucumber glandular trichomes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad236. [PMID: 37099480 PMCID: PMC10400037 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes (GTs) are outgrowths of plant epidermal cells that secrete and store specialized secondary metabolites that protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses and have economic importance for human use. While extensive work has been done to understand the molecular mechanisms of trichome organogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which forms unicellular, non-glandular trichomes (NGTs), little is known about the mechanisms of GT development or regulation of secondary metabolites in plants with multicellular GTs. Here, we identified and functionally characterized genes associated with GT organogenesis and secondary metabolism in GTs of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). We developed a method for effective separation and isolation of cucumber GTs and NGTs. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that flavonoid accumulation in cucumber GTs is positively associated with increased expression of related biosynthesis genes. We identified 67 GT development-related genes, the functions of 7 of which were validated by virus-induced gene silencing. We further validated the role of cucumber ECERIFERUM1 (CsCER1) in GT organogenesis by overexpression and RNA interference transgenic approaches. We further show that the transcription factor TINY BRANCHED HAIR (CsTBH) serves as a central regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in cucumber glandular trichomes. Work from this study provides insight into the development of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in multi-cellular glandular trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxuan Feng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingming Dong
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yixin Qu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyan Zhu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinfeng Shi
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wujun Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyan Song
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Qingxian in Hebei Province, Qingxian 062650, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572019, China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572019, China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry on Education, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Bruno P, Arce CCM, Machado RAR, Besomi G, Spescha A, Glauser G, Jaccard C, Benrey B, Turlings TCJ. Sequestration of cucurbitacins from cucumber plants by Diabrotica balteata larvae provides little protection against biological control agents. JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2022; 96:1061-1075. [PMID: 37181825 PMCID: PMC10169900 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-022-01568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitaceae plants produce cucurbitacins, bitter triterpenoids, to protect themselves against various insects and pathogens. Adult banded cucumber beetles (Diabrotica balteata), a common pest of maize and cucurbits, sequester cucurbitacins, presumably as a defensive mechanism against their natural enemies, which might reduce the efficacy of biological control agents. Whether the larvae also sequester and are protected by cucurbitacins is unclear. We profiled cucurbitacin levels in four varieties of cucumber, Cucumis sativus, and in larvae fed on these varieties. Then, we evaluated larval growth and resistance against common biocontrol organisms including insect predators, entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi and bacteria. We found considerable qualitative and quantitative differences in the cucurbitacin levels of the four cucumber varieties. While two varieties were fully impaired in their production, the other two accumulated high levels of cucurbitacins. We also observed that D. balteata larvae sequester and metabolize cucurbitacins, and although the larvae fed extensively on both belowground and aboveground tissues, the sequestered cucurbitacins were mainly derived from belowground tissues. Cucurbitacins had no detrimental effects on larval performance and, surprisingly, did not provide protection against any of the natural enemies evaluated. Our results show that D. balteata larvae can indeed sequester and transform cucurbitacins, but sequestered cucurbitacins do not impact the biocontrol potential of common natural enemies used in biocontrol. Hence, this plant trait should be conserved in plant breeding programs, as it has been demonstrated in previous studies that it can provide protection against plant pathogens and generalist insects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10340-022-01568-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bruno
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carla C. M. Arce
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo A. R. Machado
- Experimental Biology Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaia Besomi
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Spescha
- Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Charlyne Jaccard
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Betty Benrey
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ted C. J. Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Han G, Li Y, Yang Z, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wang B. Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Trichome Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:910228. [PMID: 35720574 PMCID: PMC9198495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.910228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes, protrusions formed from specialized aboveground epidermal cells, provide protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Trichomes can be unicellular, bicellular or multicellular, with multiple branches or no branches at all. Unicellular trichomes are generally not secretory, whereas multicellular trichomes include both secretory and non-secretory hairs. The secretory trichomes release secondary metabolites such as artemisinin, which is valuable as an antimalarial agent. Cotton trichomes, also known as cotton fibers, are an important natural product for the textile industry. In recent years, much progress has been made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of trichome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, Gossypium hirsutum, Oryza sativa, Cucumis sativus, Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, and Artemisia annua. Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying fate determination and initiation, elongation, and maturation of unicellular, bicellular and multicellular trichomes in several representative plants. We emphasize the regulatory roles of plant hormones, transcription factors, the cell cycle and epigenetic modifications in different stages of trichome development. Finally, we identify the obstacles and key points for future research on plant trichome development, and speculated the development relationship between the salt glands of halophytes and the trichomes of non-halophytes, which provides a reference for future studying the development of plant epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongran Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Berhin A, Nawrath C, Hachez C. Subtle interplay between trichome development and cuticle formation in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2036-2046. [PMID: 34704619 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes and cuticles are key protective epidermal specializations. This review highlights the genetic interplay existing between trichome and cuticle formation in a variety of species. Controlling trichome development, the biosynthesis of trichome-derived specialized metabolites as well as cuticle biosynthesis and deposition can be viewed as different aspects of a common defensive strategy adopted by plants to protect themselves from environmental stresses. Existence of such interplay is based on the mining of published transcriptomic data as well as on phenotypic observations in trichome or cuticle mutants where the morphology of both structures often appear to be concomitantly altered. Given the existence of several trichome developmental pathways depending on the plant species and the types of trichomes, genetic interactions between cuticle formation and trichome development are complex to decipher and not easy to generalize. Based on our review of the literature, a schematic overview of the gene network mediating this transcriptional interplay is presented for two model plant species: Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. In addition to fundamental new insights on the regulation of these processes, identifying key transcriptional switches controlling both processes could also facilitate more applied investigations aiming at improving much desired agronomical traits in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Berhin
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, University of Lausanne, Unil-Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles Hachez
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Yang Y, Cai C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ju H, Chen X. Cucumber glossy fruit 1 ( CsGLF1) encodes the zinc finger protein 6 that regulates fruit glossiness by enhancing cuticular wax biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac237. [PMID: 36643740 PMCID: PMC9832831 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber glossiness is an important visual quality trait that affects consumer choice. Accumulating evidence suggests that glossy trait is associated with cuticular wax accumulation. However, the molecular genetic mechanism controlling cucumber glossiness remains largely unknown. Here, we report the map-based cloning and functional characterization of CsGLF1, a locus that determines the glossy trait in cucumber. CsGLF1 encodes a homolog of the Cys2His2-like fold group (C2H2) -type zinc finger protein 6 (ZFP6) and its deletion leads to glossier pericarp and decreased cuticular wax accumulation. Consistently, transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that a group of wax biosynthetic genes were downregulated when CsZFP6 was absent. Further, transient expression assay revealed that CsZFP6 acted as a transcription activator of cuticular wax biosynthetic genes. Taken together, our findings demonstrated a novel regulator of fruit glossiness, which will provide new insights into regulatory mechanism of fruit glossiness in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yipeng Wang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanran Wang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haolun Ju
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Gebretsadik K, Qiu X, Dong S, Miao H, Bo K. Molecular research progress and improvement approach of fruit quality traits in cucumber. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3535-3552. [PMID: 34181057 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent molecular studies revealed new opportunities to improve cucumber fruit quality. However, the fruit color and spine traits molecular basis remain vague despite the vast sources of genetic diversity. Cucumber is agriculturally, economically and nutritionally important vegetable crop. China produces three-fourths of the world's total cucumber production. Cucumber fruit quality depends on a number of traits such as the fruit color (peel and flesh color), spine (density, size and color), fruit shape, fruit size, defects, texture, firmness, taste, maturity stage and nutritional composition. Fruit color and spine traits determine critical quality attributes and have been the interest of researchers at the molecular level. Evaluating the molecular mechanisms of fruit quality traits is important to improve production and quality of cucumber varieties. Genes and qualitative trait locus (QTL) that are responsible for cucumber fruit color and fruit spine have been identified. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the molecular research progress of fruit color and spines as key quality traits of cucumber. The markers and genes identified so far could help for marker-assisted selection of the fruit color and spine trait in cucumber breeding and its associated nutritional improvement. Based on the previous studies, peel color and spine density as examples, we proposed a comprehensive approach for cucumber fruit quality traits improvement. Moreover, the markers and genes can be useful to facilitate cloning-mediated genetic breeding in cucumber. However, in the era of climate change, increased human population and high-quality demand of consumers, studies on molecular mechanisms of cucumber fruit quality traits are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiros Gebretsadik
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Science, Aksum University, Shire Campus, Shire, Ethiopia
| | - Xiyan Qiu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyun Dong
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Miao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kailiang Bo
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Han G, Li Y, Qiao Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Guo J, Chen M, Wang B. Advances in the Regulation of Epidermal Cell Development by C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:754512. [PMID: 34630497 PMCID: PMC8497795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant epidermal cells, such as trichomes, root hairs, salt glands, and stomata, play pivotal roles in the growth, development, and environmental adaptation of terrestrial plants. Cell fate determination, differentiation, and the formation of epidermal structures represent basic developmental processes in multicellular organisms. Increasing evidence indicates that C2H2 zinc finger proteins play important roles in regulating the development of epidermal structures in plants and plant adaptation to unfavorable environments. Here, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanism underlying the roles of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in controlling epidermal cell formation in plants, with an emphasis on trichomes, root hairs, and salt glands and their roles in plant adaptation to environmental stress. In addition, we discuss the possible roles of homologous C2H2 zinc finger proteins in trichome development in non-halophytes and salt gland development in halophytes based on bioinformatic analysis. This review provides a foundation for further study of epidermal cell development and abiotic stress responses in plants.
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10
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A SNP Mutation in Homeodomain-DDT (HD-DDT) Transcription Factor Results in Multiple Trichomes ( mt) in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101478. [PMID: 34680876 PMCID: PMC8536133 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichome is a natural physical barrier protecting plants against environmental stresses, natural infestations, ultraviolet rays and pathogenicity. Trichome also helps plants in maintaining appropriate water content by reducing transpiration rate. The molecular mechanism regulating unicellular trichome development in Arabidopsis has been extensively elucidated, but the molecular mechanism regulating multicellular trichome development remains unclear. In this study, we identified a multiple trichomes (mt) mutant from a cucumber EMS (Ethylmethylsulfone) mutagenesis population. Genetic analysis indicated that an incomplete dominant gene controls the mt trait. Using a combination of map-based cloning and BSA-seq (Bulked Segregant Analysis -Sequencing), we identified the candidate gene, CsaV3_6G050410, responsible for the mt mutation. Sequence alignment revealed one base substitution in gene CsaV3_6G050410, resulting in an amino acid substitution. The deduced amino acid sequence of CsaV3_6G050410 encodes a HD-DDT (homeodomain-DDT) transcriptional regulatory protein containing a conserved homeobox domain and a DDT domain. Gene expression analysis revealed that the expression level of CsaV3_6G050410 in the mt mutant was similar to that in the WT (wild type). Transcriptome analysis indicated that the mt gene may regulate the development of the epidermis by influencing plant hormone signaling pathways or participating in several transcription factor pathways. The results of this study are fundamental for a better understanding of the function of the HD-DDT transcription factor in the trichome development of cucumber.
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Liu H, Liu S, Huang G, Xu F. Effect of gene mutation of plants on their mechano-sensibility: the mutant of EXO70H4 influences the buckling of Arabidopsis trichomes. Analyst 2021; 146:5169-5176. [PMID: 34291780 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the development of molecular biology, more and more mutants of plants have been constructed, where gene mutants have been found to influence not only the biological processes but also biophysical behaviors of plant cells. Trichomes are an important appendage, which has been found to act as an active mechanosensory switch transducing mechanical signals into physiology changes, where the mechanical property of trichomes is vital for such functions. Up to now, over 40 different genes have been found with the function of regulating trichome cell morphogenesis; however, the effect of gene mutants on trichome mechanosensory function remains elusive. In this study, we found that EXO70H4, one of the most up-regulated genes in the mature trichome, not only affects the thickness of the trichome cell wall but also the mechanical property (i.e., the Young's modulus) of trichomes. Finite element method simulation results show that the buckling instability and stress concentration (e.g., exerted by insects) cannot occur on the base of the mutant exo70H4 trichome, which might further interrupt the mechanical signal transduction from branches to the base of trichomes. These results indicated that the mutant exo70H4 trichome might lack the ability to act as an active mechanosensory switch against chewing insect herbivores. Our findings provide new information about the effect of gene mutation (like crop mutants) on the mechano-sensibility and capability to resist the agricultural pests or lodging, which could be of great significance to the development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450016, China
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Zhang L, Lv D, Pan J, Zhang K, Wen H, Chen Y, Du H, He H, Cai R, Pan J, Wang G. A SNP of HD-ZIP I transcription factor leads to distortion of trichome morphology in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:182. [PMID: 33863289 PMCID: PMC8052656 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomes are excellent model systems for the analysis of cell differentiation and play essential roles in plant protection. From cucumber inbred line 'WD1', we identified an EMS-induced trichome abnormally developing mutant, nps, which exhibited smaller, denser and no pyramid-shaped head trichomes. RESULTS Using F2 and BC1 populations constructed from a cross between nps and '9930', the genetic analysis showed that the nps trait is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. We identified CsNps by map-based cloning with 576 individuals of the F2 population generated from the cross of nps and inbred line '9930'. The CsNps was located at a 13.4-kb genomic region on chromosome 3, which region contains three predicted genes. Sequence analysis showed that only one single nucleotide mutation (C → T) between 9930 and nps was found in the second exon of Csa3G748220, a plant-specific class I HD-Zip gene. The result of allelism test also indicated that nps is a novel allelic mutant of Mict (Micro-trichome). Thus, nps was renamed mict-L130F. By comparing the transcriptome of mict-L130F vs WD1 and 06-2 (mict) vs 06-1 (wildtype, near-isogenic line of 06-2), several potential target genes that may be related to trichome development were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Mict-L130F is involved in the morphogenesis of trichomes. Map-based cloning of the Mict-L130F gene could promote the study of trichome development in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyu Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Duo Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Keyan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haifan Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huanle He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Run Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Junsong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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