Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation to treat patients with premature ejaculation: phase II clinical trial

Surgical treatment of premature ejaculation: a narrative review

Recurrence after drug cessation is the biggest drawback of medical premature ejaculation (PE) treatments. Although these treatments are demonstrated to be safe and effective, most of the PE patients are interested in a more permanent solution. Despite the fact that currently available guidelines do not recommend surgical treatment for PE, some surgical interventions have been commonly performed for many years, especially in the Asian countries. The main purpose of these surgical treatments is to decrease the sensitivity of the glans penis. However, they are associated with irreversible complications such as penile deformity, sensory loss and erectile dysfunction. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical interventions introduced for the treatment of PE. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science have been utilized to search articles about glans penis augmentation and penile dorsal nerve interventions. A total of 11 articles were included, three articles excluded because they were in non-English languages. Glans penis augmentation offered a less invasive treatment that avoids severe side effects but requires retreatment in time. Selective dorsal neurectomy provided a more invasive but curative treatment alternative. However, more clinical data are necessary before surgical treatment options can be recommended to patients with PE.

Clinical efficacy of magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy in the treatment of chronic prostatitischronic pelvic pain syndrome

BACKGROUND

The prominent symptoms of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) are urogenital pain, lower urinary tract symptoms, psychological problems, and sexual dysfunction. Traditional pharmacological treatments have poor efficacy and more untoward reaction and complications. Magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy is a non-invasive form of physiotherapy. Nevertheless, its effectiveness in improving urinary discomfort and relieving pain in patients requires further exploration.

AIM

To investigate the clinical efficacy of the magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy instrument in the treatment of chronic prostatitis (CP)/ CPPS.

METHODS

Seventy patients with CP/CPPS were collected from the outpatient clinic and ward of the Department of Male Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and were treated with magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy once a day for a period of 14 d. National Institutes of health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), international index of erectile function 5 (IIEF-5), premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), patient health questionnaire, the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome (TCMS) scores were performed before and after treatment.

RESULTS

The total effective rate of treatment was 58.5%, and the total NIH-CPSI score, pain symptoms, voiding symptoms, quality of life, IIEF-5, PEDT, GAD, PCS and TCMS scores all decreased significantly (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Magnetic vibration magnetotherapy is effective in improving urinary discomfort, relieving pain, improving quality of life, improving sexual dysfunction and relieving negative emotions such as anxiety in patients with CP/CPPS.

Low frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied to the bulbospongiosus muscle prolongs the ejaculation latency in a rat model

Premature ejaculation (PE) is common, but its true pathophysiology is not clear, and treatments are limited. We aimed to investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied in different modes and frequencies to the bulbospongiosus muscle on ejaculation parameters. In this study, 24 male Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were equally divided into three groups: control, high-frequency burst (HFB) and low-frequency (LF) (n = 8 each). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation was applied to the rats for 30 min. In the HFB group, this stimulation was applied in the burst mode at 80 Hz frequency using 200 microseconds (µs) transition time. In the LF group, manual stimulation was applied using a 2 Hz frequency and 200 µs transition time. Following the intraperitoneal administration of para-chloroamphetamine at a dose of 5 mg/kg, ejaculation time, increase in basal seminal vesicle pressure, seminal vesicle maximum pressure, number and interval time of seminal vesicle contractions and bulbospongiosus muscle electromyography activities were evaluated over 30 min. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of ejaculation time (p = 0.002). The ejaculation times of the LF, HFB and control groups were 1344.71 ± 105.9, 908 ± 62 and 672 ± 149.7 s, respectively. The post hoc analysis revealed that the ejaculation time of the LF group was significantly longer than that of the HFB and control groups (p = 0.033 and p = 0.001, respectively). The remaining parameters did not differ significantly between the groups. The results showed that low-frequency (2 Hz) electrical stimulation applied to the male rats significantly prolonged the ejaculation time. It is thus considered that applying neuromuscular electrical stimulation before planned sexual activity can prevent the rhythmic contractions necessary for completing the ejaculatory process by maintaining subtetanic continuous contraction and prolonging the ejaculation time in patients with premature ejaculation complaints.

Current and emerging treatment options for premature ejaculation

Premature ejaculation (PE) is a prevalent male sexual dysfunction. Current standard treatment regimens include behavioural therapies, topical anaesthetics, dapoxetine and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Most of the pharmacotherapeutic options target neurotransmitters (such as serotonin and oxytocin) that have a role in the ejaculation mechanism. However, these treatments are mildly effective and only provide a temporary delay in the ejaculation latency time, and PE recurs when the treatment is stopped. Thus, a treatment for PE is urgently needed and research is ongoing to find the ideal PE therapy. The efficacy and safety of topical anaesthetics and SSRIs in delaying ejaculation have been confirmed in many well-designed controlled trials. Both preclinical and clinical studies on new-generation SSRIs are ongoing. Moreover, promising results came from clinical trials in which the efficacy of on-demand PE therapies targeting neurotransmitters other than serotonin, such as α1-adrenoceptor antagonists and oxytocin antagonists, was assessed. Surgical intervention and neuromodulation have been proposed as potential treatment options for PE; however, current PE guidelines do not recommend these treatments owing to safety concerns.

Neuromodulation in Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Narrative Review

Chronic primary pelvic pain syndrome (CPPPS) is a heterogeneous disease with unknown pathogenesis and a lack of distinct pathological features, which complicates diagnosis and therapy and has a significant impact on patients' daily life. Because pharmacological management is ineffective and long-term use may result in additional system damage, developing a more effective treatment is critical. Neuromodulation has advanced rapidly over the last few decades, and various types of neuromodulations have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of CPPPS. In this article we discuss the evolution of neuromodulation technology in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain, its application to various subtypes of chronic pelvic pain, and the comparison of relevant efficacy and parameter differences, as well as assess the relative advantages and disadvantages of sacral neuromodulation, percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation , transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, electroacupuncture, and pudendal neuromodulation. Furthermore, it was noted that chronic pelvic pain should be evaluated in terms of pain, associated symptoms, psychological problems, and quality of life. Although neuromodulation approaches have been shown to be effective in treating chronic pelvic pain, more extensive multicenter trials are required to confirm this.