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Ma Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Hu J, Zhang Z, Dong T, Chen X. miR-200a-3p promotes the malignancy of endometrial carcinoma through negative regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:243. [PMID: 38916621 PMCID: PMC11199454 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-200a-3p is involved in the progression of malignant behavior in various tumors, and its mechanism of action in endometrial cancer is speculated to be related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, this study explored the metastatic mechanism of miR-200a-3p and EMT in endometrial cancer, with the aim of identifying potential therapeutic targets. METHODS qRT-PCR was used to analyze miR-200a-3p expression in HEC-1B and Ishikawa cell lines. The cell proliferation assay, transwell assay, and cell scratch test were used to assess changes in the malignant phenotypes of cells after regulating miR-200a-3p expression. Changes in EMT-related protein zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) were detected after regulating miR-200a-3p expression. An endometrial carcinoma transplantation mouse tumor model was constructed, and multiple EMT-related proteins were examined. RESULTS The expression of miR-200a-3p and ZEB1 in the endometrial cancer cell lines was higher than in normal endometrial epithelial cell lines (P < 0.05). After silencing miR-200a-3p, the expression of EMT-related protein ZEB1 increased, indicating a negative correlation. Simultaneously, the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of endometrial cancer cells were significantly enhanced. After miR-200a-3p overexpression, the corresponding malignant phenotype was reversed (P < 0.05). In in vivo experiments, the degree of tumor malignancy and the expression level of EMT-related proteins were significantly reduced in the miR-200a-3p mimic group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study found that miR-200a-3p is a promising target, regulating the EMT process and promoting endometrial cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingshu Hu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zexue Zhang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tuo Dong
- Department of Hygienic Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xiuwei Chen
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
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2
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Polo-Generelo S, Rodríguez-Mateo C, Torres B, Pintor-Tortolero J, Guerrero-Martínez JA, König J, Vázquez J, Bonzón-Kulichenco E, Padillo-Ruiz J, de la Portilla F, Reyes JC, Pintor-Toro JA. Serpine1 mRNA confers mesenchymal characteristics to the cell and promotes CD8+ T cells exclusion from colon adenocarcinomas. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:116. [PMID: 38448406 PMCID: PMC10917750 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitor clade E member 1 (SERPINE1) inhibits extracellular matrix proteolysis and cell detachment. However, SERPINE1 expression also promotes tumor progression and plays a crucial role in metastasis. Here, we solve this apparent paradox and report that Serpine1 mRNA per se, independent of its protein-coding function, confers mesenchymal properties to the cell, promoting migration, invasiveness, and resistance to anoikis and increasing glycolytic activity by sequestering miRNAs. Expression of Serpine1 mRNA upregulates the expression of the TRA2B splicing factor without affecting its mRNA levels. Through transcriptional profiling, we found that Serpine1 mRNA expression downregulates through TRA2B the expression of genes involved in the immune response. Analysis of human colon tumor samples showed an inverse correlation between SERPINE1 mRNA expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration, unveiling the potential value of SERPINE1 mRNA as a promising therapeutic target for colon tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Polo-Generelo
- Department of Cell Signaling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Mateo
- Department of Cell Signaling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Belén Torres
- Department of Cell Signaling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Pintor-Tortolero
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, IBIS, CSIC, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Guerrero-Martínez
- Department of Cell Signaling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julian König
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Bonzón-Kulichenco
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Javier Padillo-Ruiz
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, IBIS, CSIC, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Portilla
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, IBIS, CSIC, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José C Reyes
- Department of Cell Signaling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Pintor-Toro
- Department of Cell Signaling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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Sun YD, Zhang H, Li YM, Han JJ. Abnormal metabolism in hepatic stellate cells: Pandora's box of MAFLD related hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189086. [PMID: 38342420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as key mediators in liver injury response, are believed to play a crucial role in the repair process of liver injury. However, in MAFLD patients, the normal metabolic and immunoregulatory mechanisms of HSCs become disrupted, leading to disturbances in the local microenvironment. Abnormally activated HSCs are heavily involved in the initiation and progression of HCC. The metabolic disorders and abnormal activation of HSCs not only initiate liver fibrosis but also contribute to carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress on the relationship between the abnormal metabolism of HSCs and the local immune system in the liver, elucidating the mechanisms of immune imbalance caused by abnormally activated HSCs in MAFLD patients. Based on this understanding, we discuss the potential and challenges of metabolic-based and immunology-based mechanisms in the treatment of MAFLD-related HCC, with a specific focus on the role of HSCs in HCC progression and their potential as targets for anti-cancer therapy. This review aims to enhance researchers' understanding of the importance of HSCs in maintaining normal liver function and highlights the significance of HSCs in the progression of MAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Dong Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yuan-Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Jian-Jun Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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4
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Anuradha U, Mehra NK, Khatri DK. Understanding molecular mechanisms and miRNA-based targets in diabetes foot ulcers. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:82. [PMID: 38183502 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
In today's culture, obesity and overweight are serious issues that have an impact on how quickly diabetes develops and how it causes complications. For the development of more effective therapies, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the chronic problems of diabetes. The most prominent effects of diabetes are microvascular abnormalities such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, especially diabetes foot ulcers, as well as macrovascular abnormalities such as heart disease and atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are highly conserved endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules, have been implicated in several physiological functions recently, including the earliest stages of the disease. By binding to particular messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which cause mRNA degradation, translation inhibition, or even gene activation, it primarily regulates posttranscriptional gene expression. These molecules exhibit considerable potential as diagnostic biomarkers for disease and are interesting treatment targets. This review will provide an overview of the latest findings on the key functions that miRNAs role in diabetes and its complications, with an emphasis on the various stages of diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urati Anuradha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana , 500037, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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Rithvik A, Samarpita S, Rasool M. Unleashing the pathological imprinting of cancer in autoimmunity: Is ZEB1 the answer? Life Sci 2023; 332:122115. [PMID: 37739160 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The intriguing scientific relationship between autoimmunity and cancer immunology have been traditionally indulged to throw spotlight on novel pathological targets. Understandably, these "slowly killing" diseases are on the opposite ends of the immune spectrum. However, the immune regulatory mechanisms between autoimmunity and cancer are not always contradictory and sometimes mirror each other based on disease stage, location, and timepoint. Moreover, the blockade of immune checkpoint molecules or signalling pathways that unleashes the immune response against cancer is being leveraged to preserve self-tolerance and treat many autoimmune disorders. Therefore, understanding the common crucial factors involved in cancer is of paramount importance to paint the autoimmune disease spectrum and validate novel drug candidates. In the current review, we will broadly describe how ZEB1, or Zinc-finger E-box Binding Homeobox 1, reinforces immune exhaustion in cancer or contributes to loss of self-tolerance in auto-immune conditions. We made an effort to exchange information about the molecular pathways and pathological responses (immune regulation, cell proliferation, senescence, autophagy, hypoxia, and circadian rhythm) that can be regulated by ZEB1 in the context of autoimmunity. This will help untwine the intricate and closely postured pathogenesis of ZEB1, that is less explored from the perspective of autoimmunity than its counterpart, cancer. This review will further consider several approaches for targeting ZEB1 in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulkumaran Rithvik
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nādu, India
| | - Snigdha Samarpita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mahaboobkhan Rasool
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nādu, India.
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Li S, Sun Y. Phytochemicals targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for the prevention and treatment of HNSCC: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34439. [PMID: 37800790 PMCID: PMC10553117 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develops from the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, and is the most common malignancy of the head and neck, the incidence of which continues to rise. The epidermal growth factor receptor is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor has been identified as an effective target for the treatment of HNSCC. Many phytochemicals have emerged as potential new drugs for the treatment of HNSCC. A systematic search was conducted for research articles published in PubMed, and Medline on relevant aspects. This review provides an overview of the available literature and reports highlighting the in vitro effects of phytochemicals on epidermal growth factor in various HNSCC cell models and in vivo in animal models and emphasizes the importance of epidermal growth factor as a current therapeutic target for HNSCC. Based on our review, we conclude that phytochemicals targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor are potentially effective candidates for the development of new drugs for the treatment of HNSCC. It provides an idea for further development and application of herbal medicines for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaling Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
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Lee J, Roh JL. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity: Implications for Ferroptosis Vulnerability and Cancer Therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 185:103964. [PMID: 36931615 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers polarized to a mesenchymal or poorly differentiated state can often evade cell death induced by conventional therapies. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is involved in lipid metabolism and increases polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in cancer cells, contributing to chemo- and radio-resistance. Altered metabolism in cancer enables invasion and metastasis but is prone to lipid peroxidation under oxidative stress. Cancers with mesenchymal rather than epithelial signatures are highly vulnerable to ferroptosis. Therapy-resistant persister cancer cells show a high mesenchymal cell state and dependence on the lipid peroxidase pathway, which can respond more sensitively to ferroptosis inducers. Cancer cells may survive under specific metabolic and oxidative stress conditions, and targeting this unique defense system can selectively kill only cancer cells. Therefore, this article summarizes the core regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in cancer, the relationship between ferroptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, and the implications of epithelial-mesenchymal transition for ferroptosis-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewang Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Dysregulation of Serum MicroRNA after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Aged Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030822. [PMID: 36979801 PMCID: PMC10044892 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most common diseases that leads to brain injury and mortality in patients, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating subtype of stroke. Though the prevalence of ICH increases with aging, the effect of aging on the pathophysiology of ICH remains largely understudied. Moreover, there is no effective treatment for ICH. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of circulating microRNAs as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various pathological conditions. While many studies have identified microRNAs that play roles in the pathophysiology of brain injury, few demonstrated their functions and roles after ICH. Given this significant knowledge gap, the present study aims to identify microRNAs that could serve as potential biomarkers of ICH in the elderly. To this end, sham or ICH was induced in aged C57BL/6 mice (18–24 months), and 24 h post-ICH, serum microRNAs were isolated, and expressions were analyzed. We identified 28 significantly dysregulated microRNAs between ICH and sham groups, suggesting their potential to serve as blood biomarkers of acute ICH. Among those microRNAs, based on the current literature, miR-124-3p, miR-137-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-219a-2-3p, miR-135a-5p, miR-541-5p, and miR-770-3p may serve as the most promising blood biomarker candidates of ICH, warranting further investigation.
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Liu Z, Lin Z, Cao F, Jiang M, jin S, Cui Y, Niu YN. Upregulation of mir-1199-5p is associated with reduced type 2 5-α reductase expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia. BMC Urol 2022; 22:172. [PMID: 36344974 PMCID: PMC9639318 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-01121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
5-α reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) are first-line drugs for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Unfortunately, some patients do not respond to 5-ARI therapy and may even show worsening symptoms. The decreased expression of steroid 5-α reductase type 2(SRD5A2) in BPH tissues may explain the failure of 5-ARI therapy, however, the mechanisms underlying SRD5A2 decreased remained unelucidated. Objectives
To investigate microRNA-mediated regulation of the expression of SRD5A2 resulting in 5-ARI therapy failure. Materials and methods
The expression of SRD5A2 and microRNAs in BPH tissues and prostate cells were detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm that microRNA directly combine to SRD5A2 mRNA. The apoptosis of prostatic cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results
SRD5A2 expression was variable; it was negative, weak, and strong in 13.6%, 28.8%, and 57.6% of BPH tissues respectively. The normal human prostatic epithelial cell line RWPE-1 strongly expressed SRD5A2, whereas the immortalized human prostatic epithelial cell line BPH-1 weakly expressed SRD5A2. miR-1199-5p expression was remarkably higher in BPH-1 than in RWPE-1 cells(P<0.001), and miR-1199-5p expression was significantly upregulated in BPH tissues with negative SRD5A2 expression than those with positive SRD5A2 expression. Transfection of miR-1199-5p mimics in RWPE-1 cells led to a marked decrease in SRD5A2 expression, whereas miR-1199-5p inhibitor increased SRD5A2 expression in BPH-1 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-1199-5p could bind the 3′untranslated region of SRD5A2 mRNA. miR-1199-5p also decreased the RWPE-1 sensibility to finasteride, an inhibitor of SRD5A2. Conclusion
Our results show that SRD5A2 expression varies in BPH tissues and miR-1199-5p might be one of the several factors contributing to differential SRD5A2 expression in BPH patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12894-022-01121-5.
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Khanbabaei H, Ebrahimi S, García-Rodríguez JL, Ghasemi Z, Pourghadamyari H, Mohammadi M, Kristensen LS. Non-coding RNAs and epithelial mesenchymal transition in cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:278. [PMID: 36114510 PMCID: PMC9479306 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process for embryonic development during which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics, and the underlying mechanisms confer malignant features to carcinoma cells such as dissemination throughout the organism and resistance to anticancer treatments. During the past decades, an entire class of molecules, called non-coding RNA (ncRNA), has been characterized as a key regulator of almost every cellular process, including EMT. Like protein-coding genes, ncRNAs can be deregulated in cancer, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The various forms of ncRNAs, including microRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, transfer RNA-derived RNA fragments, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs can orchestrate the complex regulatory networks of EMT at multiple levels. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying ncRNAs in EMT can provide fundamental insights into cancer metastasis and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we describe recent advances in the understanding of ncRNAs in EMT and provide an overview of recent ncRNA applications in the clinic.
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Polo-Generelo S, Torres B, Guerrero-Martínez JA, Camafeita E, Vázquez J, Reyes JC, Pintor-Toro JA. TGF-β-Upregulated Lnc-Nr6a1 Acts as a Reservoir of miR-181 and Mediates Assembly of a Glycolytic Complex. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8050062. [PMID: 36136852 PMCID: PMC9498520 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in a wide range of biological processes. Here, we identified a mouse miRNA-host gene lncRNA (lnc-Nr6a1) upregulated early during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We show that when lncRNA is processed, it gives rise to two abundant polyadenylated isoforms, lnc-Nr6a1-1 and lnc-Nr6a1-2, and a longer non-polyadenylated microprocessor-driven lnc-pri-miRNA containing clustered pre-miR-181a2 and pre-miR-181b2 hairpins. Ectopic expression of the lnc-Nr6a1-1 or lnc-Nr6a1-2 isoform enhanced cell migration and the invasive capacity of the cells, whereas the expression of the isoforms and miR-181a2 and miR-181b2 conferred anoikis resistance. Lnc-Nr6a1 gene deletion resulted in cells with lower adhesion capacity and reduced glycolytic metabolism, which are restored by lnc-Nr6a1-1 isoform expression. We performed identification of direct RNA interacting proteins (iDRIP) to identify proteins interacting directly with the lnc-Nr6a1-1 isoform. We defined a network of interacting proteins, including glycolytic enzymes, desmosome proteins and chaperone proteins; and we demonstrated that the lnc-Nr6a1-1 isoform directly binds and acts as a scaffold molecule for the assembly of ENO1, ALDOA, GAPDH, and PKM glycolytic enzymes, along with LDHA, supporting substrate channeling for efficient glycolysis. Our results unveil a role of Lnc-Nr6a1 as a multifunctional lncRNA acting as a backbone for multiprotein complex formation and primary microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Polo-Generelo
- Department of Cell Signalling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Belén Torres
- Department of Cell Signalling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A. Guerrero-Martínez
- Department of Cell Signalling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José C. Reyes
- Department of Cell Signalling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A. Pintor-Toro
- Department of Cell Signalling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954467995
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Huang Y, Hong W, Wei X. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of EMT in tumor progression and metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:129. [PMID: 36076302 PMCID: PMC9461252 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process in normal embryonic development and tissue regeneration. However, aberrant reactivation of EMT is associated with malignant properties of tumor cells during cancer progression and metastasis, including promoted migration and invasiveness, increased tumor stemness, and enhanced resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. EMT is tightly regulated by a complex network which is orchestrated with several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including multiple transcription factors, post-translational control, epigenetic modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulation. In this review, we described the molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and the stages of tumorigenesis involved in the EMT process and discussed the dynamic non-binary process of EMT and its role in tumor metastasis. Finally, we summarized the challenges of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in EMT and proposed strategies for tumor therapy targeting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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13
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ZEB1: Catalyst of immune escape during tumor metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Bar-Hai N, Ishay-Ronen D. Engaging plasticity: Differentiation therapy in solid tumors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944773. [PMID: 36034865 PMCID: PMC9410762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a systemic heterogeneous disease that can undergo several rounds of latency and activation. Tumor progression evolves by increasing diversity, adaptation to signals from the microenvironment and escape mechanisms from therapy. These dynamic processes indicate necessity for cell plasticity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a major role in facilitating cell plasticity in solid tumors by inducing dedifferentiation and cell type transitions. These two practices, plasticity and dedifferentiation enhance tumor heterogeneity creating a key challenge in cancer treatment. In this review we will explore cancer cell plasticity and elaborate treatment modalities that aspire to overcome such dynamic processes in solid tumors. We will further discuss the therapeutic potential of utilizing enhanced cell plasticity for differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Bar-Hai
- Cancer Research Center, Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Ishay-Ronen
- Cancer Research Center, Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Dana Ishay-Ronen,
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15
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Liu Y, Cheng X, Li H, Hui S, Zhang Z, Xiao Y, Peng W. Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Regulators of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908076. [PMID: 35720333 PMCID: PMC9201920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Although significant breakthroughs have been made in understanding the progression and pathogenesis of AD, it remains a worldwide problem and a significant public health burden. Thus, more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are urgently required. The latest research studies have revealed that neuroinflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of AD. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), have been strongly associated with AD-induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, several ongoing pre-clinical studies are currently investigating ncRNA as disease biomarkers and therapeutic interventions to provide new perspectives for AD diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the role of different types of ncRNAs in neuroinflammation during AD are summarized in order to improve our understanding of AD etiology and aid in the translation of basic research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Hui
- Department of Geratology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, China
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16
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Wang L, Chen J, Zuo Q, Wu C, Yu T, Zheng P, Huang H, Deng J, Fang L, Liu H, Li C, Yu P, Zou Q, Zheng J. Calreticulin enhances gastric cancer metastasis by dimethylating H3K9 in the E-cadherin promoter region mediating by G9a. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:29. [PMID: 35641480 PMCID: PMC9156786 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest study shows that gastric cancer (GC) ranked the fifth most common cancer (5.6%) with over 1 million estimated new cases annually and the fourth most common cause of cancer death (7.7%) globally in 2020. Metastasis is the leading cause of GC treatment failure. Therefore, clarifying the regulatory mechanisms for GC metastatic process is necessary. In the current study, we discovered that calreticulin (CALR) was highly expressed in GC tissues and related to lymph node metastasis and patient’s terrible prognosis. The introduction of CALR dramatically promoted GC cell migration in vitro and in vivo, while the repression of CALR got the opposite effects. Cell migration is a functional consequence of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is related to adhesion of cells. Additionally, we observed that CALR inhibition or overexpression regulated the expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin, ZO-1, Snail, N-cadherin, and ZEB1) and cellular adhesive moleculars (Fibronectin, integrin β1and MMP2). Mechanistically, our data indicated that CALR could mediate DNA methylation of E-cadherin promoter by interacting with G9a, a major euchromatin methyltransferase responsible for methylation of histone H3 on lysine 9(H3K9me2) and recruiting G9a to the E-cadherin promoter. Knockdown of G9a in CALR overexpressing models restored E-cadherin expression and blocked the stimulatory effects of CALR on GC cell migration. Taken together, these findings not only reveal critical roles of CALR medicated GC metastasis but also provide novel treatment strategies for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianfei Zuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Department of medicinal chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Lichao Fang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Huamin Liu
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenghong Li
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiwu Yu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Junsong Zheng
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Huang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Liu L, Huang C. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e144. [PMID: 35601657 PMCID: PMC9115588 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a program wherein epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity while acquiring mesenchymal properties and invasive ability. Originally defined as an embryogenesis event, EMT has been recognized as a crucial process in tumor progression. During EMT, cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix attachments are disrupted, and the cytoskeleton is remodeled to enhance mobility of cells. This transition of phenotype is largely driven by a group of key transcription factors, typically Snail, Twist, and ZEB, through epigenetic repression of epithelial markers, transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinases, and reorganization of cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, EMT is orchestrated by multiple pathways, especially those involved in embryogenesis such as TGFβ, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Hippo, suggesting EMT as an intrinsic link between embryonic development and cancer progression. In addition, redox signaling has also emerged as critical EMT modulator. EMT confers cancer cells with increased metastatic potential and drug resistant capacity, which accounts for tumor recurrence in most clinic cases. Thus, targeting EMT can be a therapeutic option providing a chance of cure for cancer patients. Here, we introduce a brief history of EMT and summarize recent advances in understanding EMT mechanisms, as well as highlighting the therapeutic opportunities by targeting EMT in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
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18
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Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity: why so many regulators? Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:182. [PMID: 35278142 PMCID: PMC8918127 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic transition between epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like cell states has been a focus for extensive investigation for decades, reflective of the importance of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) through development, in the adult, and the contributing role EMT has to pathologies including metastasis and fibrosis. Not surprisingly, regulation of the complex genetic networks that underlie EMT have been attributed to multiple transcription factors and microRNAs. What is surprising, however, are the sheer number of different regulators (hundreds of transcription factors and microRNAs) for which critical roles have been described. This review seeks not to collate these studies, but to provide a perspective on the fundamental question of whether it is really feasible that so many regulators play important roles and if so, what does this tell us about EMT and more generally, the genetic machinery that controls complex biological processes.
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19
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Low-Dose Albendazole Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Melanoma Cells by Enhancing Phosphorylated GSK-3 β/Tyr216 Accumulation. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:4475192. [PMID: 34966427 PMCID: PMC8712124 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4475192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) is an effective broad-spectrum anthelmintic agent that has been widely used for humans and animals. Previous studies have reported that ABZ exhibits antitumor effects against melanoma and other different cancer types; however, it is unknown whether ABZ exerts the inhibitory effect against melanoma metastasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of ABZ on melanoma cells. Through in vitro studies, we discovered that low-dose ABZ treatment significantly inhibited the migration and invasion, but not the proliferation, of A375 and B16-F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis revealed that ABZ treatment reduced the expression level of snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (Snail) in the cytoplasm and nucleus by decreasing the levels of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) Ser473/GSK-3β (pGSK-3β) Ser9 and increasing pGSK-3β/Tyr216, resulting in a significant upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and ultimately reversing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of melanoma cells. In contrast, the continuous activation of AKT via transfected plasmids elevated the protein levels of pAKT Ser473/pGSK-3β Ser9 and Snail and antagonized the inhibitory action of ABZ. We also confirmed that ABZ treatment effectively inhibited the lung metastasis of melanoma in nude mice in vivo. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis verified the decreased pAKT Ser473/pGSK-3β Ser9 and increased pGSK-3β/Tyr216 levels in ABZ-treated subcutaneous tumors. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that ABZ treatment can suppress the EMT progress of melanoma by increasing the pGSK-3β/Tyr216-mediated degradation of Snail, which may be used as a potential treatment strategy for metastatic melanoma.
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20
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Arghiani N, Shah K. Modulating microRNAs in cancer: Next-generation therapies. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0294. [PMID: 34846108 PMCID: PMC8958885 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed non-coding regulators of the genome with an ability to mediate a variety of biological and pathological processes. There is growing evidence demonstrating frequent dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer cells, which is associated with tumor initiation, development, migration, invasion, resisting cell death, and drug resistance. Studies have shown that modulation of these small RNAs is a novel and promising therapeutic tool in the treatment of a variety of diseases, especially cancer, due to their broad influence on multiple cellular processes. However, suboptimal delivery of the appropriate miRNA to the cancer sites, quick degradation by nucleases in the blood circulation, and off target effects have limited their research and clinical applications. Therefore, there is a pressing need to improve the therapeutic efficacy of miRNA modulators, while at the same time reducing their toxicities. Several delivery vehicles for miRNA modulators have been shown to be effective in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will discuss the role and importance of miRNAs in cancer and provide perspectives on currently available carriers for miRNA modulation. We will also summarize the challenges and prospects for the clinical translation of miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Arghiani
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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21
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Ban J, Fock V, Aryee DNT, Kovar H. Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases. Cells 2021; 10:2944. [PMID: 34831167 PMCID: PMC8616226 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients' quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Ban
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Valerie Fock
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Dave N. T. Aryee
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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22
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Rashdan S, Iyengar P, Minna JD, Gerber DE. Narrative review: molecular and genetic profiling of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:3351-3368. [PMID: 34430372 PMCID: PMC8350108 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objectives of this review are to discuss: the definition, clinical and biologic features of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as the concept of treating oligoprogression in oligometastatic NSCLC. Background A substantial proportion of patients diagnosed with lung cancer present with metastatic disease, and a large portion of patients who present with localized disease later develop metastases. Oligometastatic NSCLC is defined as an intermediate state between localized and widespread metastatic disease, where there may be a role for curative localized therapy approach by treating the primary tumor and all metastases with radiotherapy or surgery. Despite the increasing application of this approach in patients with lung cancer, the identification of patients who might benefit from this approach is yet to be well characterized. Methods After a systematic review of the literature, a PubMed search was performed using the English language and the key terms: oligometastatic, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), localized consolidative treatment (LCT), biomarkers, biologic features, clinical features. Over 500 articles were retrieved between 1889–2021. A total of 178 papers discussing the definition, clinical and biologic factors leading to oligometastatic NSCLC were reviewed and included in the discussion of this paper. Conclusions Oligometastatic NSCLC is a unique entity. Identifying patients who have oligometastatic NSCLC accurately using a combination of clinical and biologic features and treating them with localized consolidative approach appropriately results in improvement of outcome. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the formation of oligometastatic NSCLC is an important area of focus for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Rashdan
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Puneeth Iyengar
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David E Gerber
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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23
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Circ-HMGA2 (hsa_circ_0027446) promotes the metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma cells through the miR-1236-3p/ZEB1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:313. [PMID: 33762580 PMCID: PMC7991034 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has high incidence and mortality rates worldwide; however, its detailed molecular pathology remains unclear. Although circRNAs have gradually been identified as molecules that are differentially expressed in tumors and play key roles in tumor progression, their role in LUAD is poorly understood. Through microarray analysis, we obtained the circRNA expression profile of LUAD and found that circ-HMGA2 (hsa_circ_0027446), a novel RNA, is highly expressed in LUAD. The high expression of circ-HMGA2 was further verified in 36 paired LUAD and adjacent normal tissues. Functionally, circ-HMGA2 promoted LUAD cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The luciferase reporter assay and FISH results showed that circ-HMGA2 interacts with miR-1236-3p and that miR-1236-3p interacts with ZEB1. In addition, miR-1236-3p was expressed at low levels in LUAD, inhibited LUAD cell metastasis, and suppressed the function of circ-HMGA2. ZEB1 is an EMT-promoting transcription factor. The PCR and WB analysis results showed that circ-HMGA2 promotes both ZEB1 expression and EMT. MiR-1236-3p had the opposite effect, reversing the promotive effect of circ-HMGA2 on EMT. In summary, circ-HMGA2 promotes LUAD cell metastasis through the miR-1236-3p/EMT axis, indicating that it could be a therapeutic target in LUAD.
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24
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Wang YN, Yang CE, Zhang DD, Chen YY, Yu XY, Zhao YY, Miao H. Long non-coding RNAs: A double-edged sword in aging kidney and renal disease. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 337:109396. [PMID: 33508306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging as one of intrinsic biological processes is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. Kidney disease is a global problem and health care burden worldwide. The diagnosis of kidney disease is currently based on serum creatinine and urea levels. Novel biomarkers may improve diagnostic accuracy, thereby allowing early prevention and treatment. Over the past few years, advances in genome analyses have identified an emerging class of noncoding RNAs that play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression and epigenetic reprogramming. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively transcribed in the genome and could bind DNA, RNA and protein. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that lncRNAs played an important role in all stages of kidney disease. To date, only some lncRNAs were well identified and characterized, but the complexity of multilevel regulation of transcriptional programs involved in these processes remains undefined. In this review, we summarized the lncRNA expression profiling of large-scale identified lncRNAs on kidney diseases including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy and kidney transplantation. We further discussed a number of annotated lncRNAs linking with complex etiology of kidney diseases. Finally, several lncRNAs were highlighted as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Targeting lncRNAs may represent a precise therapeutic strategy for progressive renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Chang-E Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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25
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Zhou W, Huo J, Yang Y, Zhang X, Li S, Zhao C, Ma H, Liu Y, Liu J, Li J, Zhen M, Li J, Fang X, Wang C. Aminated Fullerene Abrogates Cancer Cell Migration by Directly Targeting Myosin Heavy Chain 9. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56862-56873. [PMID: 33305958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Functional fullerene derivatives exhibit fantastic inhibitory capabilities against cancer survival and metastasis, but the absence of clarified biological molecular targets and ambiguous regulation mechanisms set barriers for their clinical transformation. Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of mortality and initiated with increased cell migration, making cell motility regulation a high-value therapeutic target in precision medicine. Herein, a critical molecular target of the aminated fullerene derivative (C70-EDA), myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), was initially identified by a pull-down assay and MS screening. MYH9 is a cytoplasm-located protein and is responsible for cell motility and epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation. Omics data from large-scale clinical samples reveals that MYH9 gets overexpressed in various cancers and correlates with unfavorable prognosis, indicating that it is a potential antineoplastic target. It is unveiled that C70-EDA binds to the C-terminal of MYH9, triggering the transport of MYH9 from the cytoplasm to the cell edge, blocking the MYH9-involved cell mobility, and inhibiting the metastasis-associated EMT process. This work provides a precise biological target and new strategies for fullerene applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiawei Huo
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shumu Li
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haijun Ma
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianan Liu
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - MingMing Zhen
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
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26
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Gao S, Cheng QC, Hu YG, Tan ZZ, Chen L, Liu SW, Kang QY, Wei T. LncRNA AK148321 alleviates neuroinflammation in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cell through regulating microRNA-1199-5p/HSPA5 axis. Life Sci 2020; 266:118863. [PMID: 33301806 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression is closely related to neuroinflammation, leading to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the function and regulation of lncRNA AK148321 in neuroinflammation using an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cell system. METHODS Expression of AK148321 was analyzed by qPCR. Inflammatory cytokine expression levels were determined by ELISA assay. The interaction between AK148321, microRNA (miRNA), and its target gene was validated by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/PI staining. RESULTS LPS treatment suppressed AK148321 expression in BV2 cells. Overexpression of AK148321 inhibited LPS-induced BV2 microglial cell activation and decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-1β. AK148321 function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging microRNA-1199-5p (MiR-1199-5p). In LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, AK148321 exerted its inhibitory function via negatively modulating miR-1199-5p expression. Moreover, we identified that Heat Shock Protein Family A Member 5 (HSPA5) was a direct target of miR-1199-5p. RIP assay using the anti-Ago2 antibody further validated the relationship among AK148321, miR-1199-5p and HSPA5. The AK148321/miR-1199-5p/HSPA5 axis regulated the neuroinflammation in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells. Microglial cell culture supernatant from LPS-stimulated, AK148321-overexpressing BV2 cells suppressed the cell apoptosis of mouse hippocampal neuronal cell HT22, while HSPA5 knockdown abrogated the suppression effect. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that AK148321 alleviates neuroinflammation in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells through miR-1199-5p/HSPA5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qiao-Chu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ya-Guang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zi-Zhu Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Si-Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qian-Yan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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27
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Chang HY, Lee CH, Li YS, Huang JT, Lan SH, Wang YF, Lai WW, Wang YC, Lin YJ, Liu HS, Cheng HC. MicroRNA-146a suppresses tumor malignancy via targeting vimentin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells with lower fibronectin membrane assembly. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:102. [PMID: 33248456 PMCID: PMC7697386 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is widely prevalent in Taiwan, and high metastatic spread of ESCC leads to poor survival rate. Fibronectin (FN) assembly on the cell membrane may induce ESCC mobility. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are abundant in and participate in tumorigenesis in many cancers. However, the role of MiRNA in FN assembly-related ESCC mobility remains unexplored. Methods We divided ESCC CE81T cells into high-FN assembly (CE81FN+) and low-FN assembly (CE81FN−) groups by flow cytometry. MiRNA microarray analysis identified miR-146a expression as the most down-regulated miRNA in comparison of CE81FN+ and CE81FN− cells. Results Cell proliferation and migration were decreased when CE81FN+ cells overexpressed transgenic miR-146a compared to the parental cells, indicating an inverse correlation between low miR-146a expression and high proliferation as well as motility of FN assembly ESCC cells. Furthermore, vimentin is the target gene of miR-146a involved in ESCC tumorigenesis. MiR-146a suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion of CE81FN+ cells through the inhibition of vimentin expression, as confirmed by real-time PCR, Western blotting and Transwell™ assay. Analysis of one hundred and thirty-six paired ESCC patient specimens revealed that low miR-146a and high vimentin levels were frequently detected in tumor, and that the former was associated with late tumor stages (III and IV). Notably, either low miR-146a expression or high vimentin level was significantly associated with poor overall survival rate among ESCC patients. Conclusions This is the first report to link FN assembly in the cell membrane with miR-146a, vimentin and ESCC tumorigenesis both in vitro and in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hua Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Syuan Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Tong Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hui Lan
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ju Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,M. Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Cancer Research, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chi Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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28
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Tomihara H, Carbone F, Perelli L, Huang JK, Soeung M, Rose JL, Robinson FS, Lissanu Deribe Y, Feng N, Takeda M, Inoue A, Poggetto ED, Deem AK, Maitra A, Msaouel P, Tannir NM, Draetta GF, Viale A, Heffernan TP, Bristow CA, Carugo A, Genovese G. Loss of ARID1A Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Sensitizes Pancreatic Tumors to Proteotoxic Stress. Cancer Res 2020; 81:332-343. [PMID: 33158812 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular dedifferentiation is a key mechanism driving cancer progression. Acquisition of mesenchymal features has been associated with drug resistance, poor prognosis, and disease relapse in many tumor types. Therefore, successful targeting of tumors harboring these characteristics is a priority in oncology practice. The SWItch/Sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex has also emerged as a critical player in tumor progression, leading to the identification of several SWI/SNF complex genes as potential disease biomarkers and targets of anticancer therapies. AT-rich interaction domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) is a component of SWI/SNF, and mutations in ARID1A represent one of the most frequent molecular alterations in human cancers. ARID1A mutations occur in approximately 10% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), but whether these mutations confer a therapeutic opportunity remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that loss of ARID1A promotes an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and sensitizes PDAC cells to a clinical inhibitor of HSP90, NVP-AUY922, both in vitro and in vivo. Although loss of ARID1A alone did not significantly affect proliferative potential or rate of apoptosis, ARID1A-deficient cells were sensitized to HSP90 inhibition, potentially by promoting the degradation of intermediate filaments driving EMT, resulting in cell death. Our results describe a mechanistic link between ARID1A defects and a quasi-mesenchymal phenotype, suggesting that deleterious mutations in ARID1A associated with protein loss exhibit potential as a biomarker for patients with PDAC who may benefit by HSP90-targeting drugs treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies ARID1A loss as a promising biomarker for the identification of PDAC tumors that are potentially responsive to treatment with proteotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Tomihara
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Federica Carbone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luigi Perelli
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Justin K Huang
- Therapeutics Discovery Division, TRACTION Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melinda Soeung
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Johnathon L Rose
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Frederick S Robinson
- Therapeutics Discovery Division, TRACTION Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yonathan Lissanu Deribe
- Department of Thoracic and Cardio Surgery-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ningping Feng
- Therapeutics Discovery Division, TRACTION Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mitsunobu Takeda
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Akira Inoue
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edoardo Del Poggetto
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Angela K Deem
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Therapeutics Discovery Division, TRACTION Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Therapeutics Discovery Division, TRACTION Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Therapeutics Discovery Division, TRACTION Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Therapeutics Discovery Division, TRACTION Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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29
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Sato A, Yamamoto A, Shimotsuma A, Ogino Y, Funayama N, Takahashi Y, Hiramoto A, Wataya Y, Kim HS. Intracellular microRNA expression patterns influence cell death fates for both necrosis and apoptosis. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2417-2426. [PMID: 33022895 PMCID: PMC7609763 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that interact with target mRNAs at specific sites to induce cleavage of the mRNA or inhibit translation. Such miRNAs play a vital role in gene expression and in several other biological processes, including cell death. We have studied the mechanisms regulating cell death (necrosis in original F28‐7 cells and apoptosis in their variant F28‐7‐A cells) in the mouse mammary tumor cell line FM3A using the anticancer agent floxuridine (FUdR). We previously reported that inhibition of heat‐shock protein 90 by the specific inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) in F28‐7 cells causes a shift from necrosis to apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the intracellular miRNA expression profiles of FUdR‐treated F28‐7 cells (necrotic condition), GA plus FUdR‐treated F28‐7 cells (apoptotic condition), and FUdR‐treated F28‐7‐A cells (apoptotic condition) through miRNA microarray analysis. In addition, we knocked down Dicer, a key molecule for the expression of mature miRNAs, in F28‐7 cells to examine whether it modulates FUdR‐induced cell death. Our analysis revealed that the miRNA expression patterns differ significantly between these cell death conditions. Furthermore, we identified miRNA candidates that regulate cell death. Knockdown of Dicer in FUdR‐treated necrosis‐fated cells caused a partial shift from necrosis to apoptosis. These findings suggest that modulation of miRNA expression patterns influences the decision of cell death fate toward necrosis or apoptosis. Our findings may serve as a basis for further study of the functions of miRNAs in cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamoto
- Division of International Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Shimotsuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogino
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Funayama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yui Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiko Hiramoto
- Division of International Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Wataya
- Division of International Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hye-Sook Kim
- Division of International Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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30
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Silveira DA, Gupta S, Mombach JCM. Systems biology approach suggests new miRNAs as phenotypic stability factors in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200693. [PMID: 33050781 PMCID: PMC7653381 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular programme on which epithelial cells undergo a phenotypic transition to mesenchymal ones acquiring metastatic properties such as mobility and invasion. TGF-β signalling can promote the EMT process. However, the dynamics of the concentration response of TGF-β-induced EMT is not well explained. In this work, we propose a logical model of TGF-β dose dependence of EMT in MCF10A breast cells. The model outcomes agree with experimentally observed phenotypes for the wild-type and perturbed/mutated cases. As important findings of the model, it predicts the coexistence of more than one hybrid state and that the circuit between TWIST1 and miR-129 is involved in their stabilization. Thus, miR-129 should be considered as a phenotypic stability factor. The circuit TWIST1/miR-129 associates with ZEB1-mediated circuits involving miRNAs 200, 1199, 340, and the protein GRHL2 to stabilize the hybrid state. Additionally, we found a possible new autocrine mechanism composed of the circuit involving TGF-β, miR-200, and SNAIL1 that contributes to the stabilization of the mesenchymal state. Therefore, our work can extend our comprehension of TGF-β-induced EMT in MCF10A cells to potentially improve the strategies for breast cancer treatment.
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31
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Nie X, Zhao J, Ling H, Deng Y, Li X, He Y. Exploring microRNAs in diabetic chronic cutaneous ulcers: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4077-4095. [PMID: 32449793 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic chronic cutaneous ulcers (DCU) are one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus, occurring mainly in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and their target genes are essential regulators of cell physiology and pathology including biological processes that are involved in the regulation of diabetes and diabetes-related microvascular complications. in vivo and in vitro models have revealed that the expression of some miRNAs can be regulated in the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and wound remodelling of DCU. Nevertheless, the potential application of miRNAs to clinical use is still limited. Here, we provide a contemporary overview of the miRNAs as well as their associated target genes and pathways (including Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR) related to DCU healing. We also summarize the current development of drugs for DCU treatment and discuss the therapeutic challenges of DCU treatment and its future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiufeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hua Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Georgia Campus - Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, USA
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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32
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A non-proliferative role of pyrimidine metabolism in cancer. Mol Metab 2020; 35:100962. [PMID: 32244187 PMCID: PMC7096759 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleotide metabolism is a critical pathway that generates purine and pyrimidine molecules for DNA replication, RNA synthesis, and cellular bioenergetics. Increased nucleotide metabolism supports uncontrolled growth of tumors and is a hallmark of cancer. Agents inhibiting synthesis and incorporation of nucleotides in DNA are widely used as chemotherapeutics to reduce tumor growth, cause DNA damage, and induce cell death. Thus, the research on nucleotide metabolism in cancer is primarily focused on its role in cell proliferation. However, in addition to proliferation, the role of purine molecules is established as ligands for purinergic signals. However, so far, the role of the pyrimidines has not been discussed beyond cell growth. Scope of the review In this review we present the key evidence from recent pivotal studies supporting the notion of a non-proliferative role for pyrimidine metabolism (PyM) in cancer, with a special focus on its effect on differentiation in cancers from different origins. Major conclusion In leukemic cells, the pyrimidine catabolism induces terminal differentiation toward monocytic lineage to check the aberrant cell proliferation, whereas in some solid tumors (e.g., triple negative breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma), catalytic degradation of pyrimidines maintains the mesenchymal-like state driven by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review further broadens this concept to understand the effect of PyM on metastasis and, ultimately, delivers a rationale to investigate the involvement of the pyrimidine molecules as oncometabolites. Overall, understanding the non-proliferative role of PyM in cancer will lead to improvement of the existing antimetabolites and to development of new therapeutic options.
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33
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Ferro E, Enrico Bena C, Grigolon S, Bosia C. From Endogenous to Synthetic microRNA-Mediated Regulatory Circuits: An Overview. Cells 2019; 8:E1540. [PMID: 31795372 PMCID: PMC6952906 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that are evolutionarily conserved and are pivotal post-transcriptional mediators of gene regulation. Together with transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, they form a highly interconnected network whose building blocks can be classified depending on the number of molecular species involved and the type of interactions amongst them. Depending on their topology, these molecular circuits may carry out specific functions that years of studies have related to the processing of gene expression noise. In this review, we first present the different over-represented network motifs involving microRNAs and their specific role in implementing relevant biological functions, reviewing both theoretical and experimental studies. We then illustrate the recent advances in synthetic biology, such as the construction of artificially synthesised circuits, which provide a controlled tool to test experimentally the possible microRNA regulatory tasks and constitute a starting point for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsi Ferro
- IIGM—Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Chiara Enrico Bena
- IIGM—Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
| | - Silvia Grigolon
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Carla Bosia
- IIGM—Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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34
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Tang H, Chen B, Liu P, Xie X, He R, Zhang L, Huang X, Xiao X, Xie X. SOX8 acts as a prognostic factor and mediator to regulate the progression of triple-negative breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1278-1287. [PMID: 30810729 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) pathology are not fully understood. Here, we reviewed the SOX8 transcript level in 24 types of cancer and normal tissues and the SOX8 expression pattern in breast cancer from the TCGA and METABRIC data sets and found that SOX8 was highly expressed in TNBC. We investigated the effect of SOX8 on tumorigenicity, migration and apoptosis in TNBC cell lines and xenografts models. We identified SOX8 as a functional oncogene that involved in the maintenance of stem-like capacities in TNBC cells. Through a promoter truncation experiment and ChIP experiment, we verified zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) as a transcriptional activator of SOX8 that enhanced SOX8 expression by binding to its promoter. We evaluated the ZEB1 and the SOX8 levels in 240 TNBC patients and high expression of ZEB1 and SOX8 were significantly associated with poor prognosis. We demonstrated the significance of the ZEB1-SOX8 axis in regulating TNBC cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and its connection with poor prognosis. Due to its vital role in TNBC CSCs, the ZEB1-SOX8 regulatory axis could be a promising therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Tang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhua Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongfang He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangsheng Xiao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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The multiverse nature of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 58:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Silveira DA, Mombach JCM. Dynamics of the feedback loops required for the phenotypic stabilization in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. FEBS J 2019; 287:578-588. [PMID: 31529614 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex mechanism in which cells undergo a transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypes (there is also an intermediary hybrid state) in response to microenvironmental alterations and aberrant stimuli triggered by molecules such as TGF-β. Recent studies in breast cancer progression reported new feedback loops and new participant molecules such as microRNAs 340 and 1199. In this work, we propose a logical model of EMT contemplating the influence of these new published molecules on the regulatory core of EMT. The model results were compared with theoretical and experimental data for the human breast epithelial cell line MCF10A presenting excellent agreement. We propose that the miRNAs 340 and 1199 should be considered phenotypic stability factors of the hybrid state based on the positive feedback loops they form with ZEB1. In addition, the model allows the prediction of phenotype probabilities at the coexistence region. For the tristable dynamics when epithelial, hybrid, and mesenchymal phenotypes coexist, we found that the hybrid state is the most probable, agreeing with experiments. Our results highlight new mechanisms related to the EMT dynamics in response to TGF-β stimulus in epithelial breast cells and might help the design of therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
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Cho HJ, Oh N, Park JH, Kim KS, Kim HK, Lee E, Hwang S, Kim SJ, Park KS. ZEB1 Collaborates with ELK3 to Repress E-Cadherin Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2257-2266. [PMID: 31511359 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ZEB1 has intrinsic oncogenic functions that control the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells, impacting tumorigenesis from its earliest stages. By integrating microenvironment signals and being implicated in feedback regulatory loops, ZEB1 appears to be a central switch that determines EMT and metastasis of cancer cells. Here, we found that ZEB1 collaborates with ELK3, a ternary complex factor belonging to the ETS family, to repress E-cadherin expression. ZEB1 functions as a transcriptional activator of ELK3. We first identified that ELK3 and ZEB1 have a positively correlated expression in breast cancer cells by using multiple databases for correlation analysis. Molecular analysis revealed that ZEB1 functions as a transcriptional activator of ELK3 expression. GST pull-down assay and coimmunoprecipitation analysis of wild-type or domain deletion mutants of ZEB1 and ELK3 showed that these 2 proteins directly bound each other. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ZEB1 and ELK3 collaborate to repress the expression of E-cadherin, a representative protein that initiates EMT. Our finding suggested that ELK3 is a novel factor of the ZEB1/E-cadherin axis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. IMPLICATIONS: ELK3 is a novel factor in the ZEB1/E-cadherin axis and ZEB1 has a dual role in ELK3 as a transcriptional activator and as a collaborator to repress E-cadherin expression in triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ju Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyeol Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Bundang-gu, Republic of Korea.
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Hao Y, Baker D, Ten Dijke P. TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112767. [PMID: 31195692 PMCID: PMC6600375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that regulates cell proliferation, migration, and the differentiation of a plethora of different cell types. Consistent with these findings, TGF-β plays a key role in controlling embryogenic development, inflammation, and tissue repair, as well as in maintaining adult tissue homeostasis. TGF-β elicits a broad range of context-dependent cellular responses, and consequently, alterations in TGF-β signaling have been implicated in many diseases, including cancer. During the early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor by inducing cytostasis and the apoptosis of normal and premalignant cells. However, at later stages, when cancer cells have acquired oncogenic mutations and/or have lost tumor suppressor gene function, cells are resistant to TGF-β-induced growth arrest, and TGF-β functions as a tumor promotor by stimulating tumor cells to undergo the so-called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The latter leads to metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. TGF-β further supports cancer growth and progression by activating tumor angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblasts and enabling the tumor to evade inhibitory immune responses. In this review, we will consider the role of TGF-β signaling in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, EMT and cancer cell metastasis. In particular, we will highlight recent insights into the multistep and dynamically controlled process of TGF-β-induced EMT and the functions of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in this process. Finally, we will discuss how these new mechanistic insights might be exploited to develop novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hao
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - David Baker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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miR551b Regulates Colorectal Cancer Progression by Targeting the ZEB1 Signaling Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050735. [PMID: 31137914 PMCID: PMC6563032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of the role of microRNA 551b (miR551b) in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains limited. Here, studies using both ectopic expression of miR551b and miR551b mimics revealed that miR551b exerts a tumor suppressive effect in CRC cells. Specifically, miR551b was significantly downregulated in both patient-derived CRC tissues and CRC cell lines compared to normal tissues and non-cancer cell lines. Also, miR551b significantly inhibited the motility of CRC cells in vitro, including migration, invasion, and wound healing rates, but did not affect cell proliferation. Mechanistically, miR551b targets and inhibits the expression of ZEB1 (Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1), resulting in the dysregulation of EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) signatures. More importantly, miR551b overexpression was found to reduce the tumor size in a xenograft model of CRC cells in vivo. Furthermore, bioinformatic analyses showed that miR551b expression levels were markedly downregulated in the advanced-stage CRC tissues compared to normal tissues, and ZEB1 was associated with the disease progression in CRC patients. Our findings indicated that miR551b could serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker and could be utilized to improve the therapeutic outcomes of CRC patients.
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Xu GB, Yang LQ, Guan PP, Wang ZY, Wang P. Prostaglandin A1 Inhibits the Cognitive Decline of APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice via PPARγ/ABCA1-dependent Cholesterol Efflux Mechanisms. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:505-522. [PMID: 30627958 PMCID: PMC6554490 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are early and key contributors to chronic neurodegenerative diseases. As one important member of classical PGs, PGA1 has been reported to exert potential neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. To this end, we are prompted to investigate whether PGA1 is a useful neurological treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) or not. Using high-throughput sequencing, we found that PGA1 potentially regulates cholesterol metabolism and lipid transport. Interestingly, we further found that short-term administration of PGA1 decreased the levels of the monomeric and oligomeric β-amyloid protein (oAβ) in a cholesterol-dependent manner. In detail, PGA1 activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) signalling pathways, promoting the efflux of cholesterol and decreasing the intracellular cholesterol levels. Through PPARγ/ABCA1/cholesterol-dependent pathway, PGA1 decreased the expression of presenilin enhancer protein 2 (PEN-2), which is responsible for the production of Aβ. More importantly, long-term administration of PGA1 remarkably decreased the formation of Aβ monomers, oligomers, and fibrils. The actions of PGA1 on the production and deposition of Aβ ultimately improved the cognitive decline of the amyloid precursor protein/presenilin1 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Biao Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Qing Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang R, Zhou Z, Liao Y, Yang F, Cheng Y, Huang J, Wang J, Chen H, Zhu T, Chao J. The emerging roles of a novel CCCH-type zinc finger protein, ZC3H4, in silica-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Lett 2019; 307:26-40. [PMID: 30826420 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to fibrosis during silicosis. Zinc finger CCCH-type containing 4 protein (ZC3H4) is a novel CCCH-type zinc finger protein that activates inflammation in pulmonary macrophages during silicosis. However, whether ZC3H4 is involved in EMT during silicosis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the circular ZC3H4 (circZC3H4) RNA/microRNA-212 (miR-212) axis as the upstream molecular mechanism regulating ZC3H4 expression and the downstream mechanism by which ZC3H4 regulates EMT as well as its accompanying migratory characteristics. METHODS The protein levels were assessed via Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Scratch assays were used to analyze the increased mobility induced by silica. The CRISPR/Cas9 system and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were employed to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of ZC3H4 in EMT and migration changes. RESULTS Specific knockdown of ZC3H4 blocked EMT and migration induced by silicon dioxide (SiO2). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediated the effects of ZC3H4 on EMT. circZC3H4 RNA served as an miR-212 sponge to regulate ZC3H4 expression, which played a pivotal role in EMT. Tissue samples from mice and patients confirmed the upregulation of ZC3H4 in alveolar epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS ZC3H4 may act as a novel regulator in the progression of SiO2-induced EMT, which provides a reference for further pulmonary fibrosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Zewei Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Fuhuang Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yusi Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Digestive Disease, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tiebing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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MicroRNA in Lung Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020265. [PMID: 30813457 PMCID: PMC6406837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a hallmark of cancer, with distant metastasis frequently developing in lung cancer, even at initial diagnosis, resulting in poor prognosis and high mortality. However, available biomarkers cannot reliably predict cancer spreading sites. The metastatic cascade involves highly complicated processes including invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that are tightly controlled by various genetic expression modalities along with interaction between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs, can influence the transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes, with dysregulation of miRNA expression contributing to the regulation of cancer metastasis. Nevertheless, although miRNA-targeted therapy is widely studied in vitro and in vivo, this strategy currently affords limited feasibility and a few miRNA-targeted therapies for lung cancer have entered into clinical trials to date. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of metastasis will thus provide additional potential targets for lung cancer treatment. This review discusses the current research related to the role of miRNAs in lung cancer invasion and metastasis, with a particular focus on the different metastatic lesions and potential miRNA-targeted treatments for lung cancer with the expectation that further exploration of miRNA-targeted therapy may establish a new spectrum of lung cancer treatments.
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Meyer-Schaller N, Cardner M, Diepenbruck M, Saxena M, Tiede S, Lüönd F, Ivanek R, Beerenwinkel N, Christofori G. A Hierarchical Regulatory Landscape during the Multiple Stages of EMT. Dev Cell 2019; 48:539-553.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ishay-Ronen D, Diepenbruck M, Kalathur RKR, Sugiyama N, Tiede S, Ivanek R, Bantug G, Morini MF, Wang J, Hess C, Christofori G. Gain Fat-Lose Metastasis: Converting Invasive Breast Cancer Cells into Adipocytes Inhibits Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:17-32.e6. [PMID: 30645973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell plasticity facilitates the development of therapy resistance and malignant progression. De-differentiation processes, such as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are known to enhance cellular plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that cancer cell plasticity can be exploited therapeutically by forcing the trans-differentiation of EMT-derived breast cancer cells into post-mitotic and functional adipocytes. Delineation of the molecular pathways underlying such trans-differentiation has motivated a combination therapy with MEK inhibitors and the anti-diabetic drug Rosiglitazone in various mouse models of murine and human breast cancer in vivo. This combination therapy provokes the conversion of invasive and disseminating cancer cells into post-mitotic adipocytes leading to the repression of primary tumor invasion and metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ishay-Ronen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Maren Diepenbruck
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nami Sugiyama
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Tiede
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn Bantug
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Francesco Morini
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hess
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Christofori
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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The miR-29c-KIAA1199 axis regulates gastric cancer migration by binding with WBP11 and PTP4A3. Oncogene 2019; 38:3134-3150. [PMID: 30626935 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of death among patients with cancer in China. The primary reason of GC treatment failure is metastasis. Therefore, identifying metastatic biomarkers and clarifying the regulatory mechanisms involved in the GC metastatic process are important. Here, we found that KIAA1199, a cell migration-inducing protein, was significantly overexpressed in GC and correlated with lymph node metastasis and poorer patient survival. Additionally, the introduction of KIAA1199 dramatically promoted GC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo, and the inhibition of KIAA1199 suppressed GC cell growth and migration and induced GC cell apoptosis. Cell migration is a functional consequence of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we found that KIAA1199 inhibition or overexpression regulated the expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin through KIAA1199 binding to WW domain binding protein 11 (WBP11) and protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 3 (PTP4A3) and through the subsequent activation of the FGFR4/Wnt/β-catenin and EGFR signaling pathways. More importantly, ectopic expression of WBP11 or PTP4A3 blocked the stimulatory effects of KIAA1199 on GC cell proliferation and migration. Meanwhile, we illustrated that KIAA1199 was a target gene of miR-29c-3p and that miR-29c-3p overexpression led to decreased migration of GC cells in vitro and in vivo by suppressing the expression of KIAA1199 and several key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin and EGFR signaling pathways (e.g., WBP11, FGFR4, and PTP4A3). Taken together, these data demonstrate that KIAA1199 promotes GC metastasis by activating EMT-related signaling pathways and that miR-29c-3p regulates GC cell migration in vitro and in vivo by regulating KIAA1199 expression and activating the FGFR4/Wnt/β-catenin and EGFR signaling pathways. These findings provide a new understanding of GC development and progression and may provide novel therapeutic strategies for GC.
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The FAK inhibitor BI 853520 exerts anti-tumor effects in breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:73. [PMID: 30237500 PMCID: PMC6148276 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that regulates a plethora of downstream signaling pathways essential for cell migration, proliferation and death, processes that are exploited by cancer cells during malignant progression. These well-established tumorigenic activities, together with its high expression and activity in different cancer types, highlight FAK as an attractive target for cancer therapy. We have assessed and characterized the therapeutic potential and the biological effects of BI 853520, a novel small chemical inhibitor of FAK, in several preclinical mouse models of breast cancer. Treatment with BI 853520 elicits a significant reduction in primary tumor growth caused by an anti-proliferative activity by BI 853520. In contrast, BI 853520 exerts effects with varying degrees of robustness on the different stages of the metastatic cascade. Together, the data demonstrate that the repression of FAK activity by the specific FAK inhibitor BI 853520 offers a promising anti-proliferative approach for cancer therapy.
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Dong Y, Zheng Y, Wang C, Ding X, Du Y, Liu L, Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhong Y, Wu Y, Song X. MiR-876-5p modulates head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastasis and invasion by targeting vimentin. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:121. [PMID: 30181714 PMCID: PMC6114268 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local or distant metastasis remains the main course of death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in metastasis of HNSCC, but the mechanisms of their action are mainly undocumented. Through public head and neck cancer miRNA expression datasets, we found that miR-876-5p was a novel potential tumor suppressor targeting HNSCC metastasis. METHODS Clinical significance and mechanism of miR-876-5P was systematically analyzed in HNSCC. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate miR-876-5p levels in HNSCC cell lines and in 20 pairs of HNSCC with associated regional nodal metastases and HNSCC without metastatic primary tumors. Scratch and invasion assays were evaluated to determine the role of miR-876-5p in the regulation of HNSCC cell migration and invasion, respectively. Western blotting was used to investigate the mechanism by which miR-876-5p suppresses HNSCC cell invasion and migration. Luciferase assays were performed to assess miR-876-5p binding to the vimentin gene. The animal model was used to support the in vitro experimental findings. RESULTS MiR-876-5p mimics inhibited HNSCC cell migration and invasion. Vimentin protein and mRNA levels were decreased in the miR-876-5p mimics group but increased in the miR-876-5p inhibitors group, which demonstrated that miR-876-5p inhibits vimentin expression in HNSCC cells. By directly targeting the vimentin 3'-UTR, we used dual-luciferase reporter assays to verify that vimentin is a functional downstream target of miR-876-5p. Importantly, increased vimentin expression promoted cell migration and invasion, and co-transfection with miR-876-5p mimics and vimentin restored cell aggressiveness to the original level. Moreover, miR-876-5p overexpression significantly downregulated vimentin expression level and inhibited the distal metastasis of HNSCC cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS miR-876-5p, which functions as a tumor suppressor in HNSCC, inhibits metastasis by targeting vimentin and provides a novel therapeutic target for HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Chundi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Xu Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yifei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yunong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
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Functional Role of Non-Coding RNAs during Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:ncrna4020014. [PMID: 29843425 PMCID: PMC6027143 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key biological process involved in a multitude of developmental and pathological events. It is characterized by the progressive loss of cell-to-cell contacts and actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, leading to filopodia formation and the progressive up-regulation of a mesenchymal gene expression pattern enabling cell migration. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is already observed in early embryonic stages such as gastrulation, when the epiblast undergoes an EMT process and therefore leads to the formation of the third embryonic layer, the mesoderm. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is pivotal in multiple embryonic processes, such as for example during cardiovascular system development, as valve primordia are formed and the cardiac jelly is progressively invaded by endocardium-derived mesenchyme or as the external cardiac cell layer is established, i.e., the epicardium and cells detached migrate into the embryonic myocardial to form the cardiac fibrous skeleton and the coronary vasculature. Strikingly, the most important biological event in which EMT is pivotal is cancer development and metastasis. Over the last years, understanding of the transcriptional regulatory networks involved in EMT has greatly advanced. Several transcriptional factors such as Snail, Slug, Twist, Zeb1 and Zeb2 have been reported to play fundamental roles in EMT, leading in most cases to transcriptional repression of cell⁻cell interacting proteins such as ZO-1 and cadherins and activation of cytoskeletal markers such as vimentin. In recent years, a fundamental role for non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and more recently long non-coding RNAs, has been identified in normal tissue development and homeostasis as well as in several oncogenic processes. In this study, we will provide a state-of-the-art review of the functional roles of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in both developmental and pathological EMT.
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