1
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Liu H, Wang M, Jiao H, Lu J, Fan W, Li S, Wang H. Cavity-enhanced and temporally multiplexed atom-photon entanglement interface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7200-7211. [PMID: 36859856 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Practical realization of quantum repeaters requires quantum memories with high retrieval efficiency, multi-mode storage capacities, and long lifetimes. Here, we report a high-retrieval-efficiency and temporally multiplexed atom-photon entanglement source. A train of 12 write pulses in time is applied to a cold atomic ensemble along different directions, which generates temporally multiplexed pairs of Stokes photons and spin waves via Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller processes. The two arms of a polarization interferometer are used to encode photonic qubits of 12 Stokes temporal modes. The multiplexed spin-wave qubits, each of which is entangled with one Stokes qubit, are stored in a "clock" coherence. A ring cavity that resonates simultaneously with the two arms of the interferometer is used to enhance retrieval from the spin-wave qubits, with the intrinsic retrieval efficiency reaching 70.4%. The multiplexed source gives rise to a ∼12.1-fold increase in atom-photon entanglement-generation probability compared to the single-mode source. The measured Bell parameter for the multiplexed atom-photon entanglement is 2.21(2), along with a memory lifetime of up to ∼125 µs.
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2
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Salari V, Paneru D, Saglamyurek E, Ghadimi M, Abdar M, Rezaee M, Aslani M, Barzanjeh S, Karimi E. Quantum face recognition protocol with ghost imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2401. [PMID: 36765078 PMCID: PMC9918728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Face recognition is one of the most ubiquitous examples of pattern recognition in machine learning, with numerous applications in security, access control, and law enforcement, among many others. Pattern recognition with classical algorithms requires significant computational resources, especially when dealing with high-resolution images in an extensive database. Quantum algorithms have been shown to improve the efficiency and speed of many computational tasks, and as such, they could also potentially improve the complexity of the face recognition process. Here, we propose a quantum machine learning algorithm for pattern recognition based on quantum principal component analysis, and quantum independent component analysis. A novel quantum algorithm for finding dissimilarity in the faces based on the computation of trace and determinant of a matrix (image) is also proposed. The overall complexity of our pattern recognition algorithm is [Formula: see text]-N is the image dimension. As an input to these pattern recognition algorithms, we consider experimental images obtained from quantum imaging techniques with correlated photons, e.g. "interaction-free" imaging or "ghost" imaging. Interfacing these imaging techniques with our quantum pattern recognition processor provides input images that possess a better signal-to-noise ratio, lower exposures, and higher resolution, thus speeding up the machine learning process further. Our fully quantum pattern recognition system with quantum algorithm and quantum inputs promises a much-improved image acquisition and identification system with potential applications extending beyond face recognition, e.g., in medical imaging for diagnosing sensitive tissues or biology for protein identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Salari
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.462072.50000 0004 0467 2410BCAM - Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda de Mazarredo 14, 48009 Bilbao, Basque Country Spain
| | - Dilip Paneru
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Erhan Saglamyurek
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada ,grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Milad Ghadimi
- grid.411751.70000 0000 9908 3264Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111 Iran
| | - Moloud Abdar
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Rezaee
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Mehdi Aslani
- grid.411751.70000 0000 9908 3264Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111 Iran
| | - Shabir Barzanjeh
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada. .,National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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3
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Zeng L, Ye YH, Dong MX, Zhang WH, Li EZ, Li DC, Ding DS, Shi BS. Optical memory for arbitrary perfect Poincaré states in an atomic ensemble. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:477-480. [PMID: 36638488 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inherent spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), which manifest as polarization and spatial degrees of freedom (DOFs) of photons, hold a promise of large capability for applications in classical and quantum information processing. To enable these photonic spin and orbital dynamic properties strongly coupled with each other, Poincaré states have been proposed and offer advantages in data multiplexing, information encryption, precision metrology, and quantum memory. However, since the transverse size of Laguerre-Gaussian beams strongly depends on their topological charge numbers | l |, it is difficult to store asymmetric Poincaré states due to the significantly different light-matter interaction for distinct spatial modes. Here, we experimentally realize the storage of perfect Poincaré states with arbitrary OAM quanta using the perfect optical vortex, in which 121 arbitrarily selected perfect Poincaré states have been stored with high fidelity. The reported work has great prospects in optical communication and quantum networks for dramatically increased encoding flexibility of information.
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4
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Non-classical correlations over 1250 modes between telecom photons and 979-nm photons stored in 171Yb 3+:Y 2SiO 5. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6438. [PMID: 36307421 PMCID: PMC9616888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum repeaters based on heralded entanglement require quantum nodes that are able to generate multimode quantum correlations between memories and telecommunication photons. The communication rate scales linearly with the number of modes, yet highly multimode quantum storage remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate an atomic frequency comb quantum memory with a time-domain mode capacity of 1250 modes and a bandwidth of 100 MHz. The memory is based on a Y2SiO5 crystal doped with 171Yb3+ ions, with a memory wavelength of 979 nm. The memory is interfaced with a source of non-degenerate photon pairs at 979 and 1550 nm, bandwidth-matched to the quantum memory. We obtain strong non-classical second-order cross correlations over all modes, for storage times of up to 25 μs. The telecommunication photons propagated through 5 km of fiber before the release of the memory photons, a key capability for quantum repeaters based on heralded entanglement and feed-forward operations. Building on this experiment should allow distribution of entanglement between remote quantum nodes, with enhanced rates owing to the high multimode capacity. Multimode operation would greatly improve the performances of quantum repeaters. Here, the authors demonstrate a fixed-delay atomic frequency comb quantum memory, based on a Y2SiO5 crystal doped with Ytterbium ions, with a time-domain mode capacity of 1250 modes and a bandwidth of 100 MHz.
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5
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Optical-domain spectral super-resolution via a quantum-memory-based time-frequency processor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:691. [PMID: 35121726 PMCID: PMC8816917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExisting super-resolution methods of optical imaging hold a solid place as an application in natural sciences, but many new developments allow for beating the diffraction limit in a more subtle way. One of the recently explored strategies to fully exploit information already present in the field is to perform a quantum-inspired tailored measurements. Here we exploit the full spectral information of the optical field in order to beat the Rayleigh limit in spectroscopy. We employ an optical quantum memory with spin-wave storage and an embedded processing capability to implement a time-inversion interferometer for input light, projecting the optical field in the symmetric-antisymmetric mode basis. Our tailored measurement achieves a resolution of 15 kHz and requires 20 times less photons than a corresponding Rayleigh-limited conventional method. We demonstrate the advantage of our technique over both conventional spectroscopy and heterodyne measurements, showing potential for application in distinguishing ultra-narrowband emitters, optical communication channels, or signals transduced from lower-frequency domains.
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6
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ISHII A. Development of Photofunctional Devices Based on Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Structures. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.21-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Lipka M, Parniak M. Fast imaging of multimode transverse-spectral correlations for twin photons. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3009-3012. [PMID: 34197366 DOI: 10.1364/ol.417658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperentangled photonic states-exhibiting nonclassical correlations in several degrees of freedom-offer improved performance of quantum optical communication and computation schemes. Experimentally, a hyperentanglement of transverse-wave-vector and spectral modes can be obtained in a straightforward way with multimode parametric single-photon sources. Nevertheless, experimental characterization of such states remains challenging. Not only single-photon detection with high spatial resolution-a single-photon camera-is required, but also a suitable mode converter to observe the spectral-temporal degree of freedom. We experimentally demonstrate a measurement of full four-dimensional transverse-wave-vector-spectral correlations between pairs of photons produced in noncollinear spontaneous parametric downconversion. Utilization of a custom ultrafast single-photon camera provides high resolution and a short measurement time.
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8
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Li C, Jiang N, Wu YK, Chang W, Pu YF, Zhang S, Duan LM. Quantum Communication between Multiplexed Atomic Quantum Memories. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:240504. [PMID: 32639803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.240504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of multiplexed atomic quantum memories (MAQM) can significantly enhance the efficiency to establish entanglement in a quantum network. In the previous experiments, individual elements of a quantum network, such as the generation, storage, and transmission of quantum entanglement have been demonstrated separately. Here we report an experiment to show the compatibility and integration of these basic operations. Specifically, we generate photon-atom entanglement from any chosen pair of memory cells in a 6×5 MAQM, convert the spin-wave to time-bin photonic excitation after a controllable storage time, and then store and retrieve the photon in a second MAQM for another controllable storage time. The preservation of quantum information in this process is verified by measuring the state fidelity. We also demonstrate that higher dimension quantum states can be transferred between the two distant MAQMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - N Jiang
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-K Wu
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - W Chang
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-F Pu
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - S Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - L-M Duan
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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9
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Heller L, Farrera P, Heinze G, de Riedmatten H. Cold-Atom Temporally Multiplexed Quantum Memory with Cavity-Enhanced Noise Suppression. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:210504. [PMID: 32530694 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Future quantum repeater architectures, capable of efficiently distributing information encoded in quantum states of light over large distances, will benefit from multiplexed photonic quantum memories. In this work we demonstrate a temporally multiplexed quantum repeater node in a laser-cooled cloud of ^{87}Rb atoms. We employ the Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller protocol where pairs of photons and single collective spin excitations (so-called spin waves) are created in several temporal modes using a train of write pulses. To make the spin waves created in different temporal modes distinguishable and enable selective readout, we control the dephasing and rephasing of the spin waves by a magnetic field gradient, which induces a controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening of the involved atomic hyperfine levels. We demonstrate that by embedding the atomic ensemble inside a low finesse optical cavity, the additional noise generated in multimode operation is strongly suppressed. By employing feed forward readout, we demonstrate distinguishable retrieval of up to 10 temporal modes. For each mode, we prove nonclassical correlations between the first and second photon. Furthermore, an enhancement in rates of correlated photon pairs is observed as we increase the number of temporal modes stored in the memory. The reported capability is a key element of a quantum repeater architecture based on multiplexed quantum memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Heller
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Pau Farrera
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Georg Heinze
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Fast camera spatial characterization of photonic polarization entanglement. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6181. [PMID: 32277076 PMCID: PMC7148376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Scalable technologies to characterize the performance of quantum devices are crucial to creating large quantum networks and quantum processing units. Chief among the resources of quantum information processing is entanglement. Here we describe the full temporal and spatial characterization of polarization-entangled photons produced by Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversions using an intensified high-speed optical camera, Tpx3Cam. This novel technique allows for precise determination of Bell inequality parameters with minimal technical overhead, and for new characterization methods for the spatial distribution of entangled quantum information. The fast-optical camera could lead to multiple applications in Quantum Information Science, opening new perspectives for the scalability of quantum experiments.
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11
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Meyer-Scott E, Silberhorn C, Migdall A. Single-photon sources: Approaching the ideal through multiplexing. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:041101. [PMID: 32357750 PMCID: PMC8078861 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We review the rapid recent progress in single-photon sources based on multiplexing multiple probabilistic photon-creation events. Such multiplexing allows higher single-photon probabilities and lower contamination from higher-order photon states. We study the requirements for multiplexed sources and compare various approaches to multiplexing using different degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Meyer-Scott
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Christine Silberhorn
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Alan Migdall
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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12
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Experimental demonstration of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement in rotating coordinate space. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:280-285. [PMID: 36659092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement involving a pair of particles entangled in their positions and momenta is of special interest in the field of quantum information. Previously, EPR entanglement has been studied in different physical systems but in fixed coordinate spaces. Here, we demonstrate an experiment of ghost imaging and ghost interference in rotated position-momentum spaces by using position-momentum entangled photons generated from a hot atomic ensemble. By using different image objects, the measured position-momentum correlations exhibit intriguing dynamics, including gradual decrease and axis-independent EPR entanglement. The reported results on manipulating the EPR entanglement in rotating coordinate spaces hold promise in quantum communication and distant quantum image processing.
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13
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Entanglement of two quantum memories via fibres over dozens of kilometres. Nature 2020; 578:240-245. [PMID: 32051600 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A quantum internet that connects remote quantum processors1,2 should enable a number of revolutionary applications such as distributed quantum computing. Its realization will rely on entanglement of remote quantum memories over long distances. Despite enormous progress3-12, at present the maximal physical separation achieved between two nodes is 1.3 kilometres10, and challenges for longer distances remain. Here we demonstrate entanglement of two atomic ensembles in one laboratory via photon transmission through city-scale optical fibres. The atomic ensembles function as quantum memories that store quantum states. We use cavity enhancement to efficiently create atom-photon entanglement13-15 and we use quantum frequency conversion16 to shift the atomic wavelength to telecommunications wavelengths. We realize entanglement over 22 kilometres of field-deployed fibres via two-photon interference17,18 and entanglement over 50 kilometres of coiled fibres via single-photon interference19. Our experiment could be extended to nodes physically separated by similar distances, which would thus form a functional segment of the atomic quantum network, paving the way towards establishing atomic entanglement over many nodes and over much longer distances.
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14
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Cox KC, Meyer DH, Castillo ZA, Fatemi FK, Kunz PD. Spin-Wave Multiplexed Atom-Cavity Electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:263601. [PMID: 31951441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.263601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce multiplexed atom-cavity quantum electrodynamics with an atomic ensemble coupled to a single optical cavity mode. Multiple Raman dressing beams establish cavity-coupled spin-wave excitations with distinctive spatial profiles. Experimentally, we demonstrate the concept by observing spin-wave vacuum Rabi splittings, selective superradiance, and interference in the cavity-mediated interactions of two spin waves. We highlight that the current experimental configuration allows rapid, interchangeable cavity coupling to 4 profiles with an overlap parameter of less than 10%, enough to demonstrate, for example, a quantum repeater network simulation in the cavity. With further improvements to the optical multiplexing setup, we infer the ability to access more than 10^{3} independent spin-wave profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Cox
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - David H Meyer
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - Zachary A Castillo
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Fredrik K Fatemi
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - Paul D Kunz
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
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15
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Ishii A, Jena AK, Miyasaka T. Photomultiplying Visible Light Detection by Halide Perovskite Nanoparticles Hybridized with an Organo Eu Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5935-5942. [PMID: 31533433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A molecular layer of an organo europium (Eu) complex was hybridized with the surface of halide perovskite (MAPbI3) nanocrystals to control charge transport between photoexcited perovskites and a metal electrode. A thin hybridized nanocrystalline film was found to cause an efficient photomultiplication reaction based on hole accumulation at photoexcited perovskite nanoparticles and charge tunneling across the Eu complex molecules under application of a low external bias (-0.5 V). A photodetecting device based on the Eu complex and perovskite absorber demonstrated photoinduced current generation at extremely high quantum conversion efficiency of 290 000% for weak monochromatic light (<1 mW cm-2), yielding a power responsivity value up to 1289 A W-1. High sensitivity of photodetection was enabled by using nanosized particles (<5 nm) of perovskite having a high surface area in contact with the Eu complex, while sensitivity was reduced by use of thick and large particle perovskite layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Ishii
- Graduate School of Engineering , Toin University of Yokohama , 1614 Kurogane-cho , Aoba, Yokohama , Kanagawa 225-8503 , Japan
- JST , PRESTO , 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
| | - Ajay Kumar Jena
- Graduate School of Engineering , Toin University of Yokohama , 1614 Kurogane-cho , Aoba, Yokohama , Kanagawa 225-8503 , Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering , Toin University of Yokohama , 1614 Kurogane-cho , Aoba, Yokohama , Kanagawa 225-8503 , Japan
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16
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Pan X, Yu S, Zhou Y, Zhang K, Zhang K, Lv S, Li S, Wang W, Jing J. Orbital-Angular-Momentum Multiplexed Continuous-Variable Entanglement from Four-Wave Mixing in Hot Atomic Vapor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:070506. [PMID: 31491123 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.070506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexing is crucial for the data-carrying capacity of information communication systems. Orbital angular momentum (OAM) with a topological charge ℓ (ℓ integer) provides a degree of freedom to realize multiplexing. In this Letter, we report an experimental implementation of OAM multiplexed continuous variables (CV) entanglement based on a four-wave mixing (FWM) process, in which 13 pairs of entangled Laguerre-Gauss (LG) modes, LG_{ℓ,pr} and LG_{-ℓ,conj}, are simultaneously and deterministically generated, where ℓ (ℓ integer) is the topological charge corresponding to the OAM mode and pr (conj) indicates a probe (conjugate) beam. In the meanwhile, we experimentally show that there is no entanglement between the modes of LG_{ℓ,pr} and LG_{ℓ,conj} (ℓ≠0). These results clearly confirm the conservation of OAM in the FWM process from the viewpoint of a CV system. In addition, we investigate the entanglement properties of three types of coherent superposition of OAM modes. In the end, we also study the effect of the pump beam radius on the number of OAM multiplexing. Such OAM multiplexed CV entanglement provides a new perspective and platform to study CV quantum information protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yanfen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shuchao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Sijin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jietai Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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17
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Parniak M, Mazelanik M, Leszczyński A, Lipka M, Dąbrowski M, Wasilewski W. Quantum Optics of Spin Waves through ac Stark Modulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:063604. [PMID: 30822088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.063604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We bring the set of linear quantum operations, important for many fundamental studies in photonic systems, to the material domain of collective excitations known as spin waves. Using the ac Stark effect we realize quantum operations on single excitations and demonstrate a spin-wave analog of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, realized via a beam splitter implemented in the spin-wave domain. Our scheme equips atomic-ensemble-based quantum repeaters with quantum information processing capability and can be readily brought to other physical systems, such as doped crystals or room-temperature atomic ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Parniak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mazelanik
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Leszczyński
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Lipka
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wasilewski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Guo J, Feng X, Yang P, Yu Z, Chen LQ, Yuan CH, Zhang W. High-performance Raman quantum memory with optimal control in room temperature atoms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:148. [PMID: 30635582 PMCID: PMC6329819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum memories are essential for quantum information processing. Techniques have been developed for quantum memory based on atomic ensembles. The atomic memories through optical resonance usually suffer from the narrow-band limitation. The far off-resonant Raman process is a promising candidate for atomic memories due to broad bandwidths and high speeds. However, to date, the low memory efficiency remains an unsolved bottleneck. Here, we demonstrate a high-performance atomic Raman memory in 87Rb vapour with the development of an optimal control technique. A memory efficiency of above 82.0% for 6 ns~20 ns optical pulses is achieved. In particular, an unconditional fidelity of up to 98.0%, significantly exceeding the no-cloning limit, is obtained with the tomography reconstruction for a single-photon level coherent input. Our work marks an important advance of atomic memory towards practical applications in quantum information processing. Storage and retrieval of memory is important for applications in quantum information processing. Here the authors demonstrate an efficient quantum Raman memory protocol by preparing hot rubidium atoms in specific states using control pulse scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Guo
- Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, School of Physics and Material Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.,School of Physics and Astronomy, and Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, School of Physics and Material Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Peiyu Yang
- Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, School of Physics and Material Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhifei Yu
- Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, School of Physics and Material Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - L Q Chen
- Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, School of Physics and Material Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Chun-Hua Yuan
- Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, School of Physics and Material Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
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19
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Parniak M, Borówka S, Boroszko K, Wasilewski W, Banaszek K, Demkowicz-Dobrzański R. Beating the Rayleigh Limit Using Two-Photon Interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:250503. [PMID: 30608849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.250503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiparameter estimation theory offers a general framework to explore imaging techniques beyond the Rayleigh limit. While optimal measurements of single parameters characterizing a composite light source are now well understood, simultaneous determination of multiple parameters poses a much greater challenge that in general requires implementation of collective measurements. Here we show, theoretically and experimentally, that Hong-Ou-Mandel interference followed by spatially resolved detection of photons provides precise information on both the separation and the centroid for a pair of point emitters, avoiding trade-offs inherent to single-photon measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Parniak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Borówka
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kajetan Boroszko
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wasilewski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Banaszek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Tian L, Xu Z, Li S, Zheng Y, Wen Y, Wang H. Enhanced-generation of atom-photon entanglement by using FPGA-based feedback protocol. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20160-20173. [PMID: 30119330 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced-generation of entanglement between one atomic collective excitation and a single photon (atom-photon) is very important for practical quantum repeaters and quantum networks based on atomic ensembles and linear optics. We present a feedback-loop algorithm based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) to obtain 21.6-fold increase of the generation rate of atom-photon entanglement at the storage time of 51 μs comparing with no feedback protocol. The generation rate of the atom-photon entanglement is ~3190/s (2100/s) for the excitation probability of 1.65% at the storage time of 1 μs (51 μs). The Bell parameter and the fidelity of atom-photon entanglement at the storage time of 1 μs are 2.40 ± 0.02 and 85.5% ± 0.6%, respectively. The detailed FPGA-based feedback-loop algorithm can be flexibly extended to the multiplexing of atom-photon entanglement, which is expected to further increase the generation rate of atom-photon entanglement.
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21
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Ham BS. A wavelength-convertible quantum memory: Controlled echo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10675. [PMID: 30013123 PMCID: PMC6048175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum coherence control is reinvestigated for a new physical insight in quantum nonlinear optics and applied for a wavelength-convertible quantum memory in a solid ensemble whose spin states are inhomogeneously broadened. Unlike typical atomic media whose spin decays are homogeneous, a spin inhomogeneously broadened solid ensemble requires a counter-intuitive quantum coherence control to avoid spontaneous emission-caused quantum noises. Such a quantum coherence control in a solid ensemble satisfying both near perfect retrieval efficiency and ultralong photon storage offers a solid framework to quantum repeaters, scalable qubit generations, quantum cryptography, and highly sensitive magnetometry. Here, the basic physics of the counter-intuitive quantum coherence control is presented not only for a fundamental understanding of collective ensemble phase control but also for a coherence conversion mechanism between optical and spin states involving Raman rephasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung S Ham
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Chumdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
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22
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Selyem A, Fayard S, Clark TW, Arnold AS, Radwell N, Franke-Arnold S. Holographically controlled three-dimensional atomic population patterns. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:18513-18522. [PMID: 30114030 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.018513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of spatially structured light fields with atomic media can generate spatial structures inscribed in the atomic populations and coherences, allowing for example the storage of optical images in atomic vapours. Typically, this involves coherent optical processes based on Raman or EIT transitions. Here we study the simpler situation of shaping atomic populations via spatially dependent optical depletion. Using a near resonant laser beam with a holographically controlled 3D intensity profile, we imprint 3D population structures into a thermal rubidium vapour. This 3D population structure is simultaneously read out by recording the spatially resolved fluorescence of an unshaped probe laser. We find that the reconstructed atomic population structure is largely complementary to the intensity structure of the control beam, however appears blurred due to global repopulation processes. We identify and model these mechanisms which limit the achievable resolution of the 3D atomic population. We expect this work to set design criteria for future 2D and 3D atomic memories.
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23
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Leszczyński A, Mazelanik M, Lipka M, Parniak M, Dąbrowski M, Wasilewski W. Spatially resolved control of fictitious magnetic fields in a cold atomic ensemble. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1147-1150. [PMID: 29489801 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective and unrestricted engineering of atom-photon interactions requires precise spatially resolved control of light beams. The significant potential of such manipulations lies in a set of disciplines ranging from solid-state to atomic physics. Here we use a Zeeman-like ac-Stark shift caused by a shaped laser beam to perform rotations of spins with spatial resolution in a large ensemble of cold rubidium atoms. We show that inhomogeneities of light intensity are the main source of dephasing and, thus, decoherence; yet, with proper beam shaping, this deleterious effect is strongly mitigated allowing rotations of 15 rad within one spin-precession lifetime. Finally, as a particular example of a complex manipulation enabled by our scheme, we demonstrate a range of collapse-and-revival behaviors of a free-induction decay signal by imprinting comb-like patterns on the atomic ensemble.
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