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Zhangsun Z, Dong Y, Tang J, Jin Z, Lei W, Wang C, Cheng Y, Wang B, Yang Y, Zhao H. FPR1: A critical gatekeeper of the heart and brain. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107125. [PMID: 38438091 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are currently the most widely focused drug targets in the clinic, exerting their biological functions by binding to chemicals and activating a series of intracellular signaling pathways. Formyl-peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) has a typical seven-transmembrane structure of GPCRs and can be stimulated by a large number of endogenous or exogenous ligands with different chemical properties, the first of which was identified as formyl-methionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF). Through receptor-ligand interactions, FPR1 is involved in inflammatory response, immune cell recruitment, and cellular signaling regulation in key cell types, including neutrophils, neural stem cells (NSCs), and microglia. This review outlines the critical roles of FPR1 in a variety of heart and brain diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurological tumors, with particular emphasis on the milestones of FPR1 agonists and antagonists. Therefore, an in-depth study of FPR1 contributes to the research of innovative biomarkers, therapeutic targets for heart and brain diseases, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Zhangsun
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yushu Dong
- Institute of Neuroscience, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiayou Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Baoying Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China.
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Zhang Q, Li F, Ritchie RH, Woodman OL, Zhou X, Qin CX. Novel strategies to promote resolution of inflammation to treat lower extremity artery disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 65:102263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Maciuszek M, Ortega-Gomez A, Maas SL, Garrido-Mesa J, Ferraro B, Perretti M, Merritt A, Nicolaes GAF, Soehnlein O, Chapman TM. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel pyrrolidinone small-molecule Formyl peptide receptor 2 agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113805. [PMID: 34536667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of Formyl peptide receptor 2 small molecule agonists with a pyrrolidinone scaffold, derived from a combination of pharmacophore modelling and docking studies, were designed and synthesized. The GLASS (GPCR-Ligand Association) database was screened using a pharmacophore model. The most promising novel ligand structures were chosen and then tested in cellular assays (calcium mobilization and β-arrestin assays). Amongst the selected ligands, two pyrrolidinone compounds (7 and 8) turned out to be the most active. Moreover compound 7 was able to reduce the number of adherent neutrophils in a human neutrophil static adhesion assay which indicates its anti-inflammatory and proresolving properties. Further exploration and optimization of new ligands showed that heterocyclic rings, e.g. pyrazole directly connected to the pyrrolidinone scaffold, provide good stability and a boost in the agonistic activity. The compounds of most interest (7 and 30) were tested in an ERK phosphorylation assay, demonstrating selectivity towards FPR2 over FPR1. Compound 7 was examined in an in vivo mouse pharmacokinetic study. Compound 7 may be a valuable in vivo tool and help improve understanding of the role of the FPR2 receptor in the resolution of inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Maciuszek
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK; The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Almudena Ortega-Gomez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Sanne L Maas
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Garrido-Mesa
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bartolo Ferraro
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andy Merritt
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
| | - Gerry A F Nicolaes
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Sciences Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Timothy M Chapman
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Recent advances in the design and development of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) agonists as pro-resolving agents with diverse therapeutic potential. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113167. [PMID: 33486199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions the initiation, duration and amplitude of inflammatory responses are tightly regulated to ensure the restoration of homeostasis. The resolution of inflammation in these circumstances is dictated by responses to endogenously generated mediators. Mimicry of such mediators underpins the principle of promoting the resolution of inflammation in treating inflammatory pathologies. The formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) is a G-protein coupled receptor known to play a crucial role in maintaining host defence and orchestrating the inflammatory process. FPR2/ALX can be activated by a wide range of distinct agonists, including lipids, proteins, peptides, and an array of synthetic small molecule agonists. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress made in the development of FPR2/ALX agonists which promote resolution and tissue regeneration.
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Zhang S, Gong H, Ge Y, Ye RD. Biased allosteric modulation of formyl peptide receptor 2 leads to distinct receptor conformational states for pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105117. [PMID: 32768626 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a Class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that interacts with multiple ligands and transduces both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals. These ligands include weak agonists and modulators that are produced during inflammation. The present study investigates how prolonged exposure to FPR2 modulators influence receptor signaling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Fluorescent biosensors of FPR2 were constructed based on single-molecule fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) and used for measurement of ligand-induced receptor conformational changes. These changes were combined with FPR2-mediated signaling events and used as parameters for the conformational states of FPR2. Ternary complex models were developed to interpret ligand concentration-dependent changes in FPR2 conformational states. KEY RESULTS Incubation with Ac2-26, an anti-inflammatory ligand of FPR2, decreased FRET intensity at picomolar concentrations. In comparison, WKYMVm (W-pep) and Aβ42, both proinflammatory agonists of FPR2, increased FRET intensity. Preincubation with Ac2-26 at 10 pM diminished W-pep-induced Ca2+ flux but potentiated W-pep-stimulated β-arrestin2 membrane translocation and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. The opposite effects were observed with 10 pM of Aβ42. Neither Ac2-26 nor Aβ42 competed for W-pep binding at the picomolar concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results support the presence of two allosteric binding sites on FPR2, each for Ac2-26 and Aβ42, with high and low affinities. Sequential binding of the two allosteric ligands at increasing concentrations induce different conformational changes in FPR2, providing a novel mechanism by which biased allosteric modulators alter receptor conformations and generate pro- and anti-inflammatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hao Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yunjun Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China; Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Deora GS, Qin CX, Vecchio EA, Debono AJ, Priebbenow DL, Brady RM, Beveridge J, Teguh SC, Deo M, May LT, Krippner G, Ritchie RH, Baell JB. Substituted Pyridazin-3(2H)-ones as Highly Potent and Biased Formyl Peptide Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5242-5248. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Girdhar Singh Deora
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Vecchio
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Aaron J. Debono
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel L. Priebbenow
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ryan M. Brady
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Julia Beveridge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Silvia C. Teguh
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Guy Krippner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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