1
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Wittmann L, Gordiy I, Friede M, Helmich-Paris B, Grimme S, Hansen A, Bursch M. Extension of the D3 and D4 London dispersion corrections to the full actinides series. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:21379-21394. [PMID: 39092890 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01514b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Efficient dispersion corrections are an indispensable component of modern density functional theory, semi-empirical quantum mechanical, and even force field methods. In this work, we extend the well established D3 and D4 London dispersion corrections to the full actinides series, francium, and radium. To keep consistency with the existing versions, the original parameterization strategy of the D4 model was only slightly modified. This includes improved reference Hirshfeld atomic partial charges at the ωB97M-V/ma-def-TZVP level to fit the required electronegativity equilibration charge (EEQ) model. In this context, we developed a new actinide data set called AcQM, which covers the most common molecular actinide compound space. Furthermore, the efficient calculation of dynamic polarizabilities that are needed to construct CAB6 dispersion coefficients was implemented into the ORCA program package. The extended models are assessed for the computation of dissociation curves of actinide atoms and ions, geometry optimizations of crystal structure cutouts, gas-phase structures of small uranium compounds, and an example extracted from a small actinide complex protein assembly. We found that the novel parameterizations perform on par with the computationally more demanding density-dependent VV10 dispersion correction. With the presented extension, the excellent cost-accuracy ratio of the D3 and D4 models can now be utilized in various fields of computational actinide chemistry and, e.g., in efficient composite DFT methods such as r2SCAN-3c. They are implemented in our freely available standalone codes (dftd4, s-dftd3) and the D4 version will be also available in the upcoming ORCA 6.0 program package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wittmann
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Igor Gordiy
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marvin Friede
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Helmich-Paris
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Markus Bursch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
- FACCTs GmbH, 50677, Köln, Germany
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2
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Otte K, Niklas JE, Studvick CM, Montgomery CL, Bredar ARC, Popov IA, La Pierre HS. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer at the Pu 5+/4+ Couple. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21859-21867. [PMID: 39051969 PMCID: PMC11311234 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and solution and solid-state characterization of [Pu4+(NPC)4], 1-Pu, (NPC = [NPtBu(pyrr)2]-; tBu = C(CH3)3; pyrr = pyrrolidinyl) and [Pu3+(NPC)4][K(2.2.2.-cryptand)], 2-Pu, is described. Cyclic voltammetry studies of 1-Pu reveal a quasi-reversible Pu4+/3+ couple, an irreversible Pu5+/4+ couple, and a third couple evincing a rapid proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction occurring after the electrochemical formation of Pu5+. The chemical identity of the product of the PCET reaction was confirmed by independent chemical synthesis to be [Pu4+(NPC)3(HNPC)][B(ArF5)4], 3-Pu, (B(ArF5)4 = tetrakis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluourophenyl)borate) via two mechanistically distinct transformations of 1-Pu: protonation and oxidation. The kinetics and thermodynamics of this PCET reaction are determined via electrochemical analysis, simulation, and density functional theory. The computational studies demonstrate a direct correlation between the changing nature of 5f and 6d orbital participation in metal-ligand bonding and the electron density on the Nim atom with the thermodynamics of the PCET reaction from Np to Pu, and an indirect correlation with the roughly 5-orders of magnitude faster Pu PCET compared to Np for the An5+ species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn
S. Otte
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Julie E. Niklas
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Chad M. Studvick
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Charlotte L. Montgomery
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexandria R. C. Bredar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Henry S. La Pierre
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Nuclear
and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of
Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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3
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Margate J, Bayle S, Dumas T, Dalodière E, Tamain C, Menut D, Estevenon P, Moisy P, Nikitenko SI, Virot M. Chronicles of plutonium peroxides: spectroscopic characterization of a new peroxo compound of Pu(IV). Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6260-6263. [PMID: 38722108 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Although hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been highly used in nuclear chemistry for more than 75 years, the preparation and literature description of tetravalent actinide peroxides remain surprisingly scarce. A new insight is given in this topic through the synthesis and thorough structural characterization of a new peroxo compound of Pu(IV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Margate
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France.
| | - Simon Bayle
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France.
| | - Thomas Dumas
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ. Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | | | | | - Denis Menut
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Paul Estevenon
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ. Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | - Philippe Moisy
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ. Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | | | - Matthieu Virot
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France.
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4
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Winter MJ. Chemdex: quantification and distributions of valence numbers, oxidation numbers, coordination numbers, electron numbers, and covalent bond classes for the elements. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:493-511. [PMID: 38087991 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03738j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The paper introduces Chemdex, a freely accessible web-based database of over 70 000 compounds characterised by crystallography from across the periodic table. Its software calculates for an atom of interest within each compound classifications including valence number, oxidation number, coordination number, electron number, several covalent bond classifications, and the attached atom set. Users may explore distributions of these classifications by percentages and heat map displays for individual elements or sets of elements, or in several cases for one classification plotted against a second. These properties often display clear periodicity. Based upon distributions across the periodic table of valence numbers, electron numbers, coordination numbers, and attached atom data suggestions are made regarding the placement of hydrogen in the periodic table, membership of group 3 in the periodic table, locations of the early actinoids in the periodic table, and assignments of certain elements as metalloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Winter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
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5
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Parimi A, Mosher E, Schreckenbach G. Periodic trends in trivalent actinide halides, phosphates, and arsenates. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:18035-18044. [PMID: 37987618 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited abundance of the actinide elements, computational methods, for now, remain an exclusive avenue to investigate the periodic trends across the actinide series. As every actinide element can exhibit a +3-oxidation state, we have explored model systems of gas-phase actinide trihalides, phosphates, and arsenates across the series to capture the periodic trends. By doing so, we were able to capture the periodic trends down the halogen series as well, and for the first time we are reporting a study on actinide astatides. Using scalar and spin-orbit relativistic Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we have explored the variations in bond lengths, bond angles, and the charges on actinides (An). Despite the use of different sets of ligands, the trends remain similar. The properties of trivalent Pa, U, Np, and Pu are nearly identical; similar ionic radii could be the reason. The actinide elements show a tendency to exhibit a pre-Pu and a post-Cm behaviour, with Am acting as a switch. This could be due to the change in the behaviour from d-f-type to f-filling/d-type at around Pu-Cm in the actinides as already proposed in the previous literature. Bond lengths in the AnX3 increase down the halide series, and the atomic charges decrease on the actinide elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Parimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Emmalee Mosher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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6
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Lin X, Wu W, Mo Y. Planar Four-Membered Diboron Actinide Compound with Double Möbius Aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8107-8113. [PMID: 36977280 PMCID: PMC10103132 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The Möbius rule predicts that a planar four-membered metallacycle can be aromatic with four mobile electrons, but such a simple ring has escaped recognition because it usually favors Hückel anti-aromaticity. Here, we report that a quasi-square four-membered actinide compound (Pa2B2) is doubly Möbius aromatic. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that this diboron protactinium molecule has four delocalized π electrons in addition to four delocalized σ electrons, satisfying the 4n Möbius rule for both σ and π components. Energetically, the block-localized wavefunction method, which is the simplest variant of ab initio valence bond theory, shows that the delocalization energy for the π and σ electrons reaches up to 65.0 and 72.3 kcal/mol, respectively, while the extra cyclic resonance energy (ECRE) amounts to 45 kcal/mol. The large positive ECRE values strongly confirm the unprecedented double Möbius aromaticity in Pa2B2. We anticipate that this new type of aromatic molecule can enrich the concept of Möbius aromaticity and open a new avenue for actinide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Lin
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
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7
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Lontchi E, Mason MM, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA. Prediction of the structures and heats of formation of MO 2, MO 3, and M 2O 5 for M = V, Nb, Ta, Pa. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8355-8368. [PMID: 36912479 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Structures for the mono-, di-, and tri-bridge isomers of M2O5 as well as those for the MO2 and MO3 fragments for M = V, Nb, Ta, and Pa were optimized at the density functional theory (DFT) level. Single point CCSD(T) calculations extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit at the DFT geometries were used to predict the energetics. The lowest energy dimer isomer was the di-bridge for M = V and Nb and the tri-bridge for M = Ta and Pa. The di-bridge isomers were predicted to be composed of MO2+ and MO3- fragments, whereas the mono- and tri-bridge are two MO2+ fragments linked by an O2-. The heats of formation of M2O5 dimers, as well as MO2 and MO3 neutral and ionic species were predicted using the Feller-Peterson-Dixon (FPD) approach. The heats of formation of the MF5 species were calculated to provide additional benchmarks. Dimerization energies to form the M2O5 dimers are predicted to become more negative going down group 5 and range from -29 to -45 kcal mol-1. The ionization energies (IEs) for VO2 and TaO2 are essentially the same at 8.75 eV whereas the IEs for NbO2 and PaO2 are 8.10 and 6.25 eV, respectively. The predicted adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs) range from 3.75 eV to 4.45 eV for the MO3 species and vertical detachment energies from 4.21 to 4.59 eV for MO3-. The calculated MO bond dissociation energies increase from 143 kcal mol-1 for M = V to ∼170 kcal mol-1 for M = Nb and Ta to ∼200 kcal mol-1 for M = Pa. The M-O bond dissociation energies are all similar ranging from 97 to 107 kcal mol-1. Natural bond analysis provided insights into the types of chemical bonds in terms of their ionic character. Pa2O5 is predicted to behave like an actinyl species dominated by the interactions of approximately linear PaO2+ groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Lontchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
| | - Marcos M Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
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8
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Engel JR, Denton JS, Lamont SP, Buettner JE, Chen CY, Steiner RE, Kayzar-Boggs TM. A chromatography chemistry for purifying Pa from U-Nb metal alloys. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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de Melo GF, Dixon DA. Protactinium and Actinium Monohydrides: A Theoretical Study on Their Spectroscopic and Thermodynamic Properties. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6171-6184. [PMID: 36053120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic and thermodynamics properties including bond dissociation energies (BDEs), adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs), and ionization energies (IEs) have been predicted for AcH and PaH using the Feller-Peterson-Dixon composite approach. Comparisons with previous studies on ThH and UH were performed to identify possible trends in the actinide series. Multireference CASPT2 calculations were used to predict the spin-orbit effects and obtain potential energy curves for the low-lying Ω states around the equilibrium distance as well as the vertical detachment energies (VDEs) from AcH- and PaH- to excited states of the neutral species. The calculated AEA for AnH (An = Ac, Th, Pa, U) showed that the AEA increases from AcH (0.425 eV) to ThH (0.820 eV) and decreases to PaH (0.781 eV) and to UH (0.457 eV), whereas the IE values are 5.887 eV (AcH), 6.181 eV (ThH), 6.204 eV (PaH), and 6.182 eV (UH). The ground state of AcH, AcH-, PaH, and PaH- are predicted to be1Σ+0,2Π3/2, 3H4, and 4I9/2, respectively. The BDEs for AcH and PaH are 276.4 and 237.2 kJ/mol, and those for AcH- and PaH- are 242.8 and 239.8 kJ/mol, respectively. The natural bond analysis shows a significant ionic character, An+H-, in the bonding of the neutral hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F de Melo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
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10
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Gäggeler HW, Eichler B, Jost DT, Eichler R. On the volatility of protactinium in chlorinating and brominating gas media. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A multi-target recoil chamber technique was applied to study online chemical properties of protactinium in chlorinating and brominating gas media using 226Pa (T
1/2 = 1.8 min) decaying by alpha emission (74%) and β+/EC decay (26%). A 58 MeV proton beam passing 15 × 50 μg/cm2 thick 232Th targets enabled production of 226Pa formed in the reaction 232Th(p,7n). Isothermal gas chromatography in quartz columns allowed for the determination of adsorption enthalpies of oxohalides and pure halides of Pa5+ compounds. On the basis of empirical correlations, these adsorption enthalpies (ΔH0
ads) could be converted to sublimation enthalpies (ΔH0
subl). Resulting values for the assumed compounds PaCl5, PaOCl3, PaBr5, and PaOBr3 were 113 ± 15, 329 ± 16, 165 ± 5 and 235 ± 17 kJ/mol, respectively. These values are rather similar to known ΔH0
subl data for group-5 elements Nb, Ta and Db in support of the assumption that Pa is a pseudo-group 5 element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz W. Gäggeler
- Labor für Radiochemie, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Bernd Eichler
- Labor für Radiochemie, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Dieter T. Jost
- Labor für Radiochemie, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Robert Eichler
- Labor für Radiochemie, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
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11
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Schwarz E, Müller U, Kraus F. The Good Reasons for a Standard Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florian Kraus
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg GERMANY
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12
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Cao C, Vernon RE, Schwarz WHE, Li J. Understanding Periodic and Non-periodic Chemistry in Periodic Tables. Front Chem 2021; 8:813. [PMID: 33490030 PMCID: PMC7818537 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical elements are the "conserved principles" or "kernels" of chemistry that are retained when substances are altered. Comprehensive overviews of the chemistry of the elements and their compounds are needed in chemical science. To this end, a graphical display of the chemical properties of the elements, in the form of a Periodic Table, is the helpful tool. Such tables have been designed with the aim of either classifying real chemical substances or emphasizing formal and aesthetic concepts. Simplified, artistic, or economic tables are relevant to educational and cultural fields, while practicing chemists profit more from "chemical tables of chemical elements." Such tables should incorporate four aspects: (i) typical valence electron configurations of bonded atoms in chemical compounds (instead of the common but chemically atypical ground states of free atoms in physical vacuum); (ii) at least three basic chemical properties (valence number, size, and energy of the valence shells), their joint variation across the elements showing principal and secondary periodicity; (iii) elements in which the (sp)8, (d)10, and (f)14 valence shells become closed and inert under ambient chemical conditions, thereby determining the "fix-points" of chemical periodicity; (iv) peculiar elements at the top and at the bottom of the Periodic Table. While it is essential that Periodic Tables display important trends in element chemistry we need to keep our eyes open for unexpected chemical behavior in ambient, near ambient, or unusual conditions. The combination of experimental data and theoretical insight supports a more nuanced understanding of complex periodic trends and non-periodic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - W. H. Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Colliard I, Falaise C, Nyman M. Bridging the Transuranics with Uranium(IV) Sulfate Aqueous Species and Solid Phases. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17049-17057. [PMID: 33211485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isolating isomorphic compounds of tetravalent actinides (i.e., ThIV, UIV, NpIV, and PuIV) improve our understanding of the bonding behavior across the series, in addition to their relationship with tetravalent transition metals (Zr and Hf) and lanthanides (Ce). Similarities between these tetravalent metals are particularly illuminated in their hydrolysis and condensation behavior in aqueous systems, leading to polynuclear clusters typified by the hexamer [MIV6O4(OH)4]12+ building block. Prior studies have shown the predominance and coexistence of smaller species for ThIV (monomers, dimers, and hexamers) and larger species for UIV, NpIV, and PuIV (including 38-mers and 70-mers). We show here that aqueous uranium(IV) sulfate also displays behavior similar to that of ThIV (and ZrIV) in its isolated solid-phase and solution speciation. Two single-crystal X-ray structures are described: a dihydroxide-bridged dimer (U2) formulated as U2(OH)2(SO4)3(H2O)4 and a monomer-linked hexamer framework (U-U6) as (U(H2O)3.5)2U6O4(OH)4(SO4)10(H2O)9. These structures are similar to those previously described for ThIV. Moreover, cocrystallization of monomer and dimer and of dimer and monomer-hexamer phases for both ThIV (prior) and UIV (current) indicates the coexistence of these species in solution. Because it was not possible to effectively study the sulfate-rich solutions via X-ray scattering from which U2 and U-U6 crystallized, we provide a parallel solution speciation study in low sulfate conditions, as a function of the pH. Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering of these show decreasing sulfate binding, increased hydrolysis, increased species size, and increased complexity, with increasing pH. This study describes a bridge across the first half the actinide series, highlighting UIV similarities to ThIV, in addition to the previously known similarities to the transuranic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Colliard
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Clement Falaise
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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14
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Dau PD, Vasiliu M, Wilson RE, Dixon DA, Gibson JK. Hydrolysis of Metal Dioxides Differentiates d-block from f-block Elements: Pa(V) as a 6d Transition Metal; Pr(V) as a 4f “Lanthanyl”. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9272-9287. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong D. Dau
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - Richard E. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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15
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Zhang P, Liu H, Zou W, Zhang P, Hu SX. Relativistic Effects Stabilize the Planar Wheel-like Structure of Actinide-Doped Gold Clusters: An@Au 7 (An = Th to Cm). J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8173-8183. [PMID: 32845148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the chemistry of actinide-ligand bonding is continuing and of burgeoning interest, investigations of the chemical bonding of bimetallic complexes involving transuranics remain relatively less, and there are rarely studies on the bonding features between actinide and coinage metals (CM). We present a systematic research on the series of An@Au7 (An = Th to Cm), UCM7 (CM = Cu, Ag, Au), and WAu7 clusters to investigate the unique geometries, electronic structures, and chemical bonding between An 5f6d orbitals and CM ns orbitals, and to find their periodicity across the actinides and within the group of transition metals. A unique planar wheel-like structure for An@Au7 clusters with the help of actinide metals encapsulation via spin-orbit coupling, resulting in An(III). Instead, the transition-metal (TM) element W retains its usual six-gold-coordination structure in WAu7, thus forcing the seventh Au out of plane. The An-CM interactions, depending on the ion radii, become stronger with the increase of the atomic number of the actinide metals, as well as the CM. These results show that the presence of actinides in clusters can lead to unique electronic and geometrical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wenli Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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16
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Ma J, Yang C, Han J, Hu S, Yu H, Long X. Density functional theory investigations on the coordination of Pa( v) with N, N-dialkylamide. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00687d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The density functional theory (DFT) method was used to study the coordination of a series of N,N-dialkylamides with Pa(v) to shed light on the inherent principles for screening amide extractants of Pa(v) from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Chuting Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Xinggui Long
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
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17
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Berryman VEJ, Shephard JJ, Ochiai T, Price AN, Arnold PL, Parsons S, Kaltsoyannis N. Quantum chemical topology and natural bond orbital analysis of M–O covalency in M(OC6H5)4 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf, Ce, Th, Pa, U, Np). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16804-16812. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02947e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
VXC(M,O): the exchange–correlation metric quantifies covalency between M and O atomic basins in M(OC6H5)4 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf, Ce, Th, Pa, U, Np).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob J. Shephard
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and The Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Tatsumi Ochiai
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Amy N. Price
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Polly L. Arnold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Simon Parsons
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and The Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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18
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Ariyarathna IR, Miliordos E. Carbon monoxide activation by atomic thorium: ground and excited state reaction pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24469-24477. [PMID: 31686066 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04946k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) and single reference coupled cluster calculations are performed for the ThCO and OThC isomers. Scalar and spin-orbit relativistic effects are considered through a relativistic pseudopotential and the coupling of MRCI wavefunctions via the Breit-Pauli spin-orbit Hamiltonian. Optimized geometries, excitation energies, and vibrational frequencies are reported for both isomers. Full potential energy profiles are constructed for the Th+CO reaction and the conversion of the produced ThCO to OThC. Linear ThCO was found to be more stable than the highly ionic bent OThC system by about 4 kcal mol-1. The interconversion barrier is estimated to be around 30 kcal mol-1. Our results are in agreement with earlier experimental data for the two isomers. The lowest lying states of Th do not populate f-orbitals and resemble the electronic structure of Ti. Therefore, the ability of the two atoms to activate the C[triple bond, length as m-dash]O bond is compared. OTiC is found to be about 40 kcal mol-1 less stable than TiCO revealing the efficiency of Th and possibly other f-block elements to activate multiple chemical bonds as opposed to d-block metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isuru R Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5312, USA.
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19
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Le Naour C, Roques J, Den Auwer C, Moisy P, Aupiais J. Protactinium(V) in aqueous solution: a light actinide without actinyl moiety. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review highlights recent data on the complexation of Pa(V) with inorganic (fluoride and sulphate) and organic (oxalate, nitrilotriacetate, diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) ligands in solution. New thermodynamic parameters relative to the complexation of Pa(V) with sulphate are presented. The review also includes gas phase and theoretical studies focused on the interaction of Pa(V) in the dioxo and oxo forms with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Le Naour
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3 , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91406 Orsay Cedex , France
| | - Jérôme Roques
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3 , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91406 Orsay Cedex , France
| | | | - Philippe Moisy
- CEA, Nuclear Energy Division, Research Department of Mining and Fuel Recycling Processes, DMRC , BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze , France
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20
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Wacker JN, Han SY, Murray AV, Vanagas NA, Bertke JA, Sperling JM, Surbella RG, Knope KE. From Thorium to Plutonium: Trends in Actinide(IV) Chloride Structural Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10578-10591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Wacker
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Sae Young Han
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Aphra V. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Nicole A. Vanagas
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Joseph M. Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Robert G. Surbella
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Karah E. Knope
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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21
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Cheisson T, Kersey KD, Mahieu N, McSkimming A, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Multiple Bonding in Lanthanides and Actinides: Direct Comparison of Covalency in Thorium(IV)- and Cerium(IV)-Imido Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9185-9190. [PMID: 31117665 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of thorium(IV)-imido complexes was synthesized and characterized. Extensive experimental and computational comparisons with the isostructural cerium(IV)-imido complexes revealed a notably more covalent bonding arrangement for the Ce═N bond compared with the more ionic Th═N bond. The thorium-imido moieties were observed to be 3 orders of magnitude more basic than their cerium congeners. More generally, these results provide unique experimental evidence for the larger covalent character of 4f05d0 Ce(IV) multiple bonds compared to its 5f06d0 Th(IV) actinide congener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Kyle D Kersey
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Nolwenn Mahieu
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States.,Département de Chimie, ENS Paris-Saclay , Université Paris-Saclay , 94235 Cachan , France
| | - Alex McSkimming
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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22
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Liu T, Li S, Gao T, Ao B. Theoretical prediction of some layered Pa2O5 phases: structure and properties. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31398-31405. [PMID: 35527940 PMCID: PMC9072604 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06735c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) was used to predict and study protactinium pentoxide (Pa2O5), which presents a fluorite and layered protactinium oxide-type structure. Although the layered structure has been observed with the isostructural transition Nb and Ta metal pentoxides experimentally, the detailed structure and properties of the layered Pa2O5 are not clear and understandable. Our theoretical prediction explored some possible stable structures of the Pa2O5 stoichiometry according to the existing M2O5 structures (where M is an actinide Np or transition Nb, Ta, and V metal) and replacing the M ions with protactinium ions. The structural, mechanical, thermodynamic and electronic properties including lattice parameters, bulk moduli, elastic constants, entropy and band gaps were predicted for all the simulated structures. Pa2O5 in the β-V2O5 structure was found to be a competitive structure in terms of stability, whereas Pa2O5 in the ζ-Nb2O5 structure was found to be the most stable overall. This is consistent with Sellers's experimental observations. In particular, Pa2O5 in the ζ-Nb2O5 structure is predicted to be charge-transfer insulators. Furthermore, we predict that ζ-Nb2O5-structured Pa2O5 is the most thermodynamically stable under ambient conditions and pressure. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to predict and study protactinium pentoxide (Pa2O5), which presents a fluorite and layered protactinium oxide-type structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
- School of Electronic and Communication Engineering
| | - Shichang Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Tao Gao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Bingyun Ao
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Jiangyou
- China
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23
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Knecht S, Jensen HJA, Saue T. Relativistic quantum chemical calculations show that the uranium molecule U2 has a quadruple bond. Nat Chem 2018; 11:40-44. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Hu SX, Chen M, Ao B. Theoretical studies on the oxidation states and electronic structures of actinide-borides: AnB 12 (An = Th-Cm) clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23856-23863. [PMID: 29999053 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02561d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As B12 clusters exhibit significant structural stability due to double aromaticity, metal doped-B12 clusters often prefer a half sandwich structure. Herein, we report a systematic theoretical study on the geometric and electronic structures, and chemical bonding of the half sandwich AnB12 (An = Th to Cm) clusters to explore the stability and extent of covalency of the An-B bonds of these actinide borides. We have shown that in the gas-phase clusters, the significant stability of AnB12 is determined by electrostatic and orbital interactions between the An 5f6d7s orbitals and π-type molecular orbitals from B 2p orbitals of the B12 unit. A change-over of An-B bond length from An = Th to Cm is found at An = Pa as a result of actinide contraction combined with weakening An-B bonding due to an energy decrease and orbital localization of the 5f orbitals. Consistently, the oxidation states of the An atoms at first increase from Th(f0)IV to Pa(f0)V, and then due to the 5f-AO contraction, they smoothly decline to U(f2)IV, Np(f4)III and Pu(f5)III, and then eventually to Am(f7)II but Cm(f7)III, both with a half-filled 5f shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
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