1
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Sun Z, Wang J, Su L, Gu Z, Wu XP, Chen W, Ma W. Dynamic Evolution and Reversibility of a Single Au 25 Nanocluster for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20059-20068. [PMID: 38994646 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasmall metallic nanoclusters (NCs) protected by surface ligands represent the most promising catalytic materials; yet understanding the structure and catalytic activity of these NCs remains a challenge due to dynamic evolution of their active sites under reaction conditions. Herein, we employed a single-nanoparticle collision electrochemistry method for real-time monitoring of the dynamic electrocatalytic activity of a single fully ligand-protected Au25(PPh3)10(SC2H4Ph)5Cl22+ nanocluster (Au252+ NC) at a cavity carbon nanoelectrode toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Our experimental results and computational simulations indicated that the reversible depassivation and passivation of ligands on the surface of the Au252+ NC, combined with the dynamic conformation evolution of the Au259+ core, led to a characteristic current signal that involves "ON-OFF" switches and "ON" fluctuations during the ORR process of a single Au252+ NC. Our findings reinvent the new perception and comprehension of the structure-activity correlation of NCs at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Lei Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhihao Gu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xin-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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2
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Gratious S, Afreen, Mahal E, Thomas J, Saha S, Nair AS, Adarsh KV, Pathak B, Mandal S. "Visualizing" the partially reversible conversion of gold nanoclusters via the Au 23(S- c-C 6H 11) 17 intermediate. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9823-9829. [PMID: 38939161 PMCID: PMC11206343 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Transformation chemistry of atomically precise metal nanoclusters has emerged as a novel strategy for fundamental research on the structure-property correlations of nanomaterials. However, a thorough understanding of the transformation mechanism is indeed necessary to understand the structural growth patterns and corresponding property evolutions in nanoclusters. Herein, we present the ligand-exchange-induced transformation of the [Au23(SR)16]- (8e-) nanocluster to the [Au25(SR')18]- (8e-) nanocluster, through the Au23(SR)17 (6e-) intermediate species. Identification of this key intermediate through a partially reversible transformation helped in a detailed investigation into the transformation mechanism with atomic precision. Moreover, photophysical studies carried out on this Au23(SR)17 species, which only differs by a single ligand from that of the [Au23(SR)16]- nanocluster reveal the property evolutions at the slightest change in the nanocluster structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Gratious
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Afreen
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Eti Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh 453552 India
| | - Jibin Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Shubhadeep Saha
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Akhil S Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh 453552 India
| | - K V Adarsh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh 453552 India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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3
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Li S, Li NN, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Chemical Flexibility of Atomically Precise Metal Clusters. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7262-7378. [PMID: 38696258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal clusters possess hybrid properties that seamlessly combine an inorganic core with an organic ligand shell, imparting them exceptional chemical flexibility and unlocking remarkable application potential in diverse fields. Leveraging chemical flexibility to expand the library of available materials and stimulate the development of new functionalities is becoming an increasingly pressing requirement. This Review focuses on the origin of chemical flexibility from the structural analysis, including intra-cluster bonding, inter-cluster interactions, cluster-environments interactions, metal-to-ligand ratios, and thermodynamic effects. In the introduction, we briefly outline the development of metal clusters and explain the differences and commonalities of M(I)/M(I/0) coinage metal clusters. Additionally, we distinguish the bonding characteristics of metal atoms in the inorganic core, which give rise to their distinct chemical flexibility. Section 2 delves into the structural analysis, bonding categories, and thermodynamic theories related to metal clusters. In the following sections 3 to 7, we primarily elucidate the mechanisms that trigger chemical flexibility, the dynamic processes in transformation, the resultant alterations in structure, and the ensuing modifications in physical-chemical properties. Section 8 presents the notable applications that have emerged from utilizing metal clusters and their assemblies. Finally, in section 9, we discuss future challenges and opportunities within this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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4
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Nai H, Hou J, Li J, Ma X, Yang Y, Qu K, Huang X, Li L. Accurate assembly of thiophene-bridged titanium-oxo clusters with photocatalytic amine oxidation activity. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7924-7931. [PMID: 38449818 PMCID: PMC10915587 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing and synthesizing well-defined crystalline catalysts for the photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines to imines remains a great challenge. In this work, a crystalline dumbbell-shaped titanium oxo cluster, [Ti10O6(Thdc)(Dmg)2(iPrO)22] (Ti10, Thdc = 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid, Dmg = dimethylglyoxime, iPrOH = isopropanol), was constructed through a facile one-pot solvothermal strategy and treated as a catalyst for the photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines. In this structure, Thdc serves as the horizontal bar, while the {Ti5Dmg} layers on each side act as the weight plates. The molecular structure, light absorption, and photoelectrochemical properties of Ti10 were systematically investigated. Remarkably, the inclusion of the Thdc ligand, with the assistance of the Dmg ligand, broadens the light absorption spectrum of Ti10, extending it into the visible range. Furthermore, the effective enhancement of charge transfer within the Ti10 was achieved with the successful incorporation of the Thdc ligand, as opposed to PTC-211, where terephthalic acid replaces the Thdc ligand, while maintaining consistency in other aspects of Ti10. Building on this foundation, Ti10 was employed as a heterogeneous molecular photocatalyst for the catalytic oxidative coupling reaction of benzylamine (BA), demonstrating very high conversion activity and selectivity. Our study illustrates that the inclusion of ligands derived from Thdc enhances the efficiency of charge transfer in functionalized photocatalysts, significantly influencing the performance of photocatalytic organic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Nai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinle Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Konggang Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqiang Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lianzhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
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5
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Hou J, Huang N, Acharya D, Liu Y, Zhu J, Teng J, Wang Z, Qu K, Zhang X, Sun D. All-catecholate-stabilized black titanium-oxo clusters for efficient photothermal conversion. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2655-2664. [PMID: 38362423 PMCID: PMC10866351 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The controlled synthesis of titanium-oxo clusters (TOCs) completely stabilized by organic dye ligands with high stability and superior light absorption remains a significant challenge. In this study, we report the syntheses of three atomically precise catechol (Cat)-functionalized TOCs, [Ti2(Cat)2(OEgO)2(OEgOH)2] (Ti2), [Ti8O5(Cat)9(iPrO)4(iPrOH)2] (Ti8), and [Ti16O8(OH)8(Cat)20]·H2O·PhMe (Ti16), using a solvent-induced strategy (HOEgOH = ethylene glycol; iPrOH = isopropanol; PhMe = toluene). Interestingly, the TiO core of Ti16 is almost entirely enveloped by catechol ligands, making it the first all-catechol-protected high-nuclearity TOC. In contrast, Ti2 and Ti8 have four weakly coordinated ethylene glycol ligands and six weakly coordinated iPrOH ligands, respectively, in addition to the catechol ligands. Ti16 is visually evident in its distinctively black appearance, which belongs to black TOCs (B-TOCs) and exhibits an ultralow optical band gap. Furthermore, Ti16 displays exceptional stability in various media/environments, including exposure to air, solvents, and both acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions due to its comprehensive protection by catechol ligands and rich intra-cluster supramolecular interactions. Ti16 has superior photoelectric response qualities and photothermal conversion capabilities compared to Ti2 and Ti8 due to its ultralow optical band gap and remarkable stability. This discovery not only represents a huge step forward in the creation of all-catecholate-protected B-TOCs with ultralow optical band gaps and outstanding stability, but it also gives key valuable mechanistic insights into their photothermal/electric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinle Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Nahui Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Dinesh Acharya
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Teng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Konggang Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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6
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Shi Y, Lv Y, Wang C, Yu H. Activity of Different Au nS n+1 Staples in the Ligand Exchange of Au 23(SR) 16- with a Single Foreign Thiolate Ligand. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9022-9029. [PMID: 37874272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ligand exchange has been widely used to synthesize novel thiolated gold nanoclusters and to regulate their specific properties. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to investigate the kinetic profiles of the ligand exchange of the [Au23(SCy)16]- nanocluster with an aromatic thiolate (2-napthalenethiol). The three types of staple motifs (i.e., trimetallic Au3S4, monometallic AuS2, and the bridging thiolates) of the Au23 cluster precursor could be categorized into eight groups of S sites with different chemical environments. The ligand exchange of all of them occurs favorably via the SN1-like pathway, with one site starting with the Au-S dissociation and seven other sites starting with the H-transfer steps. By contrast, the SN2-like pathway (i.e., the synergistic SCy-to-SAr exchange prior to the H-transfer step) is unlikely in the target systems. Meanwhile, the Au-S bond on the capping Au atom of the bicapped icosahedral Au15 core is the most active one, while the S sites on Au3S4 (except for the one remote from the metallic core) are all competitive exchanging sites. The ligand exchange activity of the bridging thiolate and the remote S site on Au3S4 is significantly less reactive. The calculation results correlate with the multiple ligand exchange within only a few minutes and the preferential etching of the AuS2 staple with the foreign ligands reported in earlier experiments. The relative activity of different staples might be helpful in elucidating the inherent principles in the ligand exchange-induced size-evolution of metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, P. R. China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, P. R. China
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7
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Pang Z, Ren N, Wu Y, Qi J, Hu F, Guo Y, Xie Y, Zhou D, Jiang X. Tuning Ligands Ratio Allows for Controlling Gold Nanocluster Conformation and Activating a Nonantimicrobial Thiol Fragrance for Effective Treatment of MRSA-Induced Keratitis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303562. [PMID: 37515441 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis is a serious ocular disease that affects millions of people worldwide each year, among which ≈25% are caused by Staphylococcus aureus. With the spread of bacterial resistance, refractory keratitis caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) affects ≈120 000-190 000 people annually and is a significant cause of infectious blindness. Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (GNCs) recently emerged as promising antibacterial agents; although how the GNC structure and capping ligands control the antibacterial properties remains largely unexplored. In this study, by adjusting the ratio of a "bulky" thiol fragrance to a linear zwitterionic ligand, the GNC conformation is transformed from Au25 (SR)18 to Au23 (SR)16 species, simultaneously converting both inactive thiol ligands into potent antibacterial nanomaterials. Surprisingly, mixed-ligand capped Au23 (SR)16 GNCs exhibit superior antibacterial potency compared to their monoligand counterparts. The optimal GNC is highly potent against MRSA, showing >1024-fold lower minimum inhibitory concentration than the corresponding free ligands. Moreover, it displays excellent potency in treating MRSA-induced keratitis in mice with greatly accelerated corneal recovery (by approximately ninefold). Thus, this study establishes a feasible method to synthesize antibacterial GNCs by adjusting the ligand ratio to control GNC conformation and active non-antibacterial ligands, thereby greatly increasing the repertoires for combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Pang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ning Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jie Qi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Fupin Hu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Guo
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yangzhouyun Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dejian Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
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8
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Wang Z, Gupta RK, Alkan F, Han BL, Feng L, Huang XQ, Gao ZY, Tung CH, Sun D. Dicarboxylic Acids Induced Tandem Transformation of Silver Nanocluster. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19523-19532. [PMID: 37646485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Structural transformation of metal nanoclusters (NCs) is of great ongoing interest regarding their synthesis, stability, and reactivity. Although sporadic examples of cluster transformations have been reported, neither the underlying transformation mechanism nor the intermediates are unambiguous. Herein, we have synthesized a flexible 54-nuclei silver cluster (Ag54) by combining soft (tBuC≡C-) and hard (nPrCOO-) ligands. The existence of weakly coordinated nPrCOO- enhances the reactivity of Ag54, thus facilitating the dicarboxylic acid to induce structural transformation. X-ray structural analyses reveal that Ag54 transforms to Ag28 cluster-based 2D networks (Ag28a and Ag28b) induced by H2suc (succinic acid) and H2glu (glutaric acid), whereas with H2pda (2,2'-(1,2-phenylene)diacetic acid), a discrete Ag28 cluster (Ag28c) is isolated. The key intermediate Ag17 that emerges during the self-dissociation of Ag54 was isolated by using cryogenic recrystallization and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The "tandem transformation" mechanism for the structure evolution from Ag54 to Ag28a is established by time-dependent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and UV-vis spectroscopy. In addition, the catalytic activity in the 4-nitrophenol reduction follows the sequence Ag28c > Ag28b > Ag28a > Ag54 due to more bare silver sites on the surface of the Ag28 cluster unit. Our findings not only open new avenues to the synthesis of silver NCs but also shed light on a better understanding of the structural transformation mechanism from one cluster to another or cluster-based metal-organic networks induced by dicarboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fahri Alkan
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey
| | - Bao-Liang Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Qiang Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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9
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Lin Z, Lv Y, Jin S, Yu H, Zhu M. Size Growth of Au 4Cu 4: From Increased Nucleation to Surface Capping. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8613-8621. [PMID: 37115779 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The size conversion of atomically precise metal nanoclusters is fundamental for elucidating structure-property correlations. In this study, copper salt (CuCl)-induced size growth from [Au4Cu4(Dppm)2(SAdm)5]+ (abbreviated as [Au4Cu4S5]+) to [Au4Cu6(Dppm)2(SAdm)4Cl3]+ (abbreviated as [Au4Cu6S4Cl3]+) (SAdmH = 1-adamantane mercaptan, Dppm = bis-(diphenylphosphino)methane) was investigated via experiments and density functional theory calculations. The [Au4Cu4S5]+ adopts a defective pentagonal bipyramid core structure with surface cavities, which could be easily filled with the sterically less hindered CuCl and CuSCy (i.e., core growth) (HSCy = cyclohexanethiol) but not the bulky CuSAdm. As long as the Au4Cu5 framework is formed, ligand exchange or size growth occurs easily. However, owing to the compact pentagonal bipyramid core structure, the latter growth mode occurs only for the surface-capped [Au4Cu6(Dppm)2(SAdm)4Cl3]+ structure (i.e., surface-capped size growth). A preliminary mechanistic study with density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the overall conversion occurred via CuCl addition, core tautomerization, Cl migration, the second [CuCl] addition, and [CuCl]-[CuSR] exchange steps. And the [Au4Cu6(Dppm)2(SAdm)4Cl3]+ alloy nanocluster exhibits aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with an absolute luminescence quantum yield of 18.01% in the solid state. This work sheds light on the structural transformation of Au-Cu alloy nanoclusters induced by Cu(I) and contributes to the knowledge base of metal-ion-induced size conversion of metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Lin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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10
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Shen H, Tang X, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Ma C, Xu Z, Teo BK, Zheng N. Guiding the High-Yield Synthesis of NHC-Ligated Gold Nanoclusters by 19F NMR Spectroscopy. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:520-526. [PMID: 37101850 PMCID: PMC10125265 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the synthesis of atomically precise metal nanoclusters by virtue of molecular tools is highly desirable but quite challenging. Herein we report how 19F NMR spectroscopy can be used to guide the high-yield synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-stabilized gold nanoclusters. In spite of little difference, 19F NMR signals of fluoro-incorporated NHCs (FNHC) are highly sensitive to the tiny change in their surrounding chemical environments with different N-substituents, metals, or anions, thus providing a convenient strategy to discriminate species in reaction mixtures. By using 19F NMR, we first disclosed that the one-pot reduction of FNHC-Au-X (X is halide) yields multiple compounds, including cluster compounds and also a large amount of highly stable [Au(FNHC)2]+ byproduct. The detailed quantitative 19F NMR analyses over the reductive synthesis of NHC-stabilized Au nanoclusters reveal that the formation of the di-NHC complex is deleterious to the high-yield synthesis of NHC-stabilized Au nanoclusters. With the understanding, the reaction kinetic was then slowed by controlling the reduction rate to achieve the high yield of a [Au24(FNHC)14X2H3]3+ nanocluster with a unique structure. The strategy demonstrated in this work is expected to provide an effective tool to guide the high-yield synthesis of organic ligand-stabilized metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- State
Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology
of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiongkai Tang
- State
Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology
of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- State
Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology
of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology
of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chuxin Ma
- State
Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology
of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State
Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology
of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Boon K. Teo
- State
Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology
of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National
& Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology
of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation
Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian
Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
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11
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Li Q, Yang S, Chai J, Zhang H, Zhu M. Insights into mechanisms of diphosphine-mediated controlled surface construction on Au nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15804-15811. [PMID: 36254852 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the rules governing the size regulation of nanoclusters is of great importance not only in fundamental research, but also in practical applications because of the high structure-property correlation in nanoclusters. Diphosphine-mediated size tailoring is recognized as a powerful method for modulating the size, configuration, and properties of nanoclusters, but the role of diphosphines in these size-controlled processes is still poorly understood due to a lack of systematic studies. Herein, using Au23(SR)16- as the template for modification, the factors influencing the size-modulation of nanoclusters by diphosphines were systematically investigated. It is revealed that by controlling the length of the diphosphines (from shorter to longer), Au21(SR)12L2+ (L = diphosphine) and Au22(SR)14L can be produced. Moreover, introducing a rigid group into the diphosphines can twist the structural framework or lead to the formation of a new surface motif configuration in the nanoclusters, forming twisted Au22(SR)14L and Au25(SR)16L2+. The size regulation of these nanoclusters enables fine-tuning of the optical properties, including the absorption wavelengths and photoluminescence emission intensity, affording an avenue for precise control of the physicochemical properties of nanoclusters for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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12
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Huang KY, Xiu LF, Fang XY, Yang MR, Noreldeen HAA, Chen W, Deng HH. Highly Efficient Luminescence from Charge-Transfer Gold Nanoclusters Enabled by Lewis Acid. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9526-9533. [PMID: 36200978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complicated intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) behaviors of nanomaterials is crucial to the development of high-quality nanoluminophores for various applications. However, the ICT process in molecule-like metal nanoclusters has been rarely explored. Herein, a proton binding-induced enhanced ICT state is discovered in 6-aza-2-thiothymine-protected gold nanoclusters (ATT-AuNCs). Such an excited-state electron transfer process gives rise to the weakened and red-shifted photoluminescence of these nanoclusters. By the joint use of this newfound ICT mechanism and a restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) strategy, a red shift in the emission maxima of 30 nm with 27.5-fold higher fluorescence quantum efficiency is achieved after introducing rare-earth scandium ion (Sc3+) into ATT-AuNCs. Furthermore, it is found that upon the addition of Sc3+, the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) rate from ATT-AuNCs to minocycline is largely accelerated by forming a donor-bridge-acceptor structure. This paper offers a simple method to modulate the luminescent properties of metal nanoclusters for the rational design of next-generation sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350004, China
| | - Ling-Fang Xiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350004, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Fang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350004, China
| | - Ming-Rui Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350004, China
| | - Hamada A A Noreldeen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350004, China
| | - Hao-Hua Deng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou350004, China
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13
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Gratious S, Mukherjee S, Mandal S. Co-reactant-Free Transformation in Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9014-9027. [PMID: 36149644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transformation chemistry has advanced significantly in recent years as an excellent methodology for synthesizing new nanoclusters and functionalizing the existing ones. However, rational synthesis and fundamental understanding of the structural evolution among clusters have not yet been achieved in nanocluster science. A deeper understanding of the fundamental aspects of structure-property correlation is necessary for the employment of befitting nanoclusters for specific applications. Very recently, the transformation of nanoclusters without the use of conventional co-reactants has been brought to light. These co-reactant-less transformations are triggered by various conditions, such as pH, solvent, light, temperature, etc. In this perspective, we discuss how this unique method of transformation without any co-reactant benefits the basic understanding of growth patterns and the corresponding property evolution in nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Gratious
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sayani Mukherjee
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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14
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Zhang SS, Havenridge S, Zhang C, Wang Z, Feng L, Gao ZY, Aikens CM, Tung CH, Sun D. Sulfide Boosting Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield of Silver Nanocluster. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18305-18314. [PMID: 36169057 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoclusters have emerged as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications, but their room-temperature photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is far from ideal to access cutting-edge device performance. Herein, two supertetrahedral silver nanoclusters with high PLQY in non-degassed solution at room temperature were constructed by interiorly supporting the core with multiple VO43- and E2- anions as structure-directing agents and exteriorly protecting the core with a rigid ligand shell of PhC≡C- and Ph2PE2- (E = S, Ag64-S; E = Se, Ag64-Se). Both clusters have similar outer Ag58 tetrahedral cages and [Ag6E4@(VO4)4] cores, forming a pair of comparable clusters to decrypt the origin of such a high PLQY, particularly in Ag64-S, where the PLQY reached up to 97%. The stronger suppression effect of inner sulfides for nonradiative decay is critical to boost the PLQY to near unity. Transient absorption spectroscopy is employed to confirm the phosphorescence nature. The quadruple-capping assembly mechanism involving Ag7 secondary building units on a Ag36 truncated tetrahedron was also established by collision-induced dissociation studies. This work not only provides a strategy of core engineering for the controlled syntheses of silver nanoclusters with high PLQY but also deciphers the origin of a near-unity PLQY, which lays a foundation for fabricating highly phosphorescent silver nanoclusters in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shana Havenridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yao Q, Zhang Q, Xie J. Atom-Precision Engineering Chemistry of Noble Metal Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Yao
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jianping Xie
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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16
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Qian S, Wang Z, Zuo Z, Wang X, Wang Q, Yuan X. Engineering luminescent metal nanoclusters for sensing applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Wu WH, Gao YQ, Lin YF, Yuan YY, Zhan CH, Jiang ZG. The mystery of Ph 3PS revealed in magic-size Ag–S cluster nucleation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17145-17149. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03418b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PPh3S was employed to direct the regulation of {Ag32S3} cluster by slowing down the kinetic process of nucleation. The process that Agn(CCBut)m and traces of water induces breakage of PS from [Ag2(Ph3PS)4]2+ to generate {Ag32S3} was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, No. 688, Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Yu-Quan Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, No. 688, Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Yu-Fei Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, No. 688, Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Yun-Yue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, No. 688, Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Cai-Hong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, No. 688, Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Zhan-Guo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, No. 688, Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
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18
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Zhu M, Yao Q, Liu Z, Zhang B, Lin Y, Liu J, Long M, Xie J. Surface Engineering Assisted Size and Structure Modulation of Gold Nanoclusters by Ionic Liquid Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moshuqi Zhu
- College of Energy Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Bihan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Yingzheng Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Energy Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Minnan Long
- College of Energy Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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19
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Zhu M, Yao Q, Liu Z, Zhang B, Lin Y, Liu J, Long M, Xie J. Surface Engineering Assisted Size and Structure Modulation of Gold Nanoclusters by Ionic Liquid Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115647. [PMID: 34918861 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification induced core size/structure change is a recent discovery in inorganic nanoparticles research, and has rarely been revealed at the molecular level. Here, we exemplify with atomically precise Au nanoclusters (NCs) that proper surface modification can selectively stabilize the desired Au0 core, conducive to the formation of size/structure-controlled Au NCs. Leveraging π-π enhanced ion-pairing interactions, ionic liquid (IL) cations are bonded to AuI -thiolate complexes. The hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions between IL cations subsequently provide a good mechanism to prolong the size of the AuI -thiolate complexes, selectively producing small-sized Au NCs upon reduction. Through combined control over the structure and concentration of IL cations, pH and solvent polarity, we are able to produce atomically precise Au NCs with customizable size, atomic packing structure, and surface chemistry. This work also provides a facile means to integrate/synergize the materials functionalities of Au NCs and ILs, increasing their acceptance in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshuqi Zhu
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Bihan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Yingzheng Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Minnan Long
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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20
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Gratious S, Nair AS, Mukherjee S, Kachappilly N, Pathak B, Mandal S. Gold Deassembly: From Au 44(SPh- tBu) 28 to Au 36(SPh- tBu) 24 Nanocluster through Dynamic Surface Structure Reconstruction. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10987-10993. [PMID: 34739237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular level understanding of the structural growth patterns and property evolution in nanoclusters (NCs) is crucial for the design and rational synthesis of clusters for specific properties and applications. In this regard, transformation has always been a versatile approach to achieve atomic precision with atomic purity and a deeper understanding of the growth mechanisms of noble metal NCs. To the latter end, we have demonstrated a structural transformation of Au44(SPh-tBu)28 to Au36(SPh-tBu)24 NC, which occurred through the deassembly of an Au8(SPh-tBu)4 fragment. Kinetic studies conducted on the transformation showed that it follows zero-order kinetics with a low activation energy pathway. Theoretical studies demonstrated that this process happens via surface restructuring of the core-ligand interface, which was found to be the rate-determining step of this transformation. Based on this, a plausible mechanistic pathway for the transformation have been proposed which we envision, will provide useful insights into NC structure evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Gratious
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum, Kerala-695551, India
| | - Akhil S Nair
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453552, India
| | - Sayani Mukherjee
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum, Kerala-695551, India
| | - Neha Kachappilly
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum, Kerala-695551, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453552, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum, Kerala-695551, India
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21
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Jana A, Jash M, Poonia AK, Paramasivam G, Islam MR, Chakraborty P, Antharjanam S, Machacek J, Ghosh S, Adarsh KNVD, Base T, Pradeep T. Light-Activated Intercluster Conversion of an Atomically Precise Silver Nanocluster. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15781-15793. [PMID: 34605625 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoclusters protected with carboranes, a 12-vertex, nearly icosahedral boron-carbon framework system, have received immense attention due to their different physicochemical properties. We have synthesized ortho-carborane-1,2-dithiol (CBDT) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) coprotected [Ag42(CBDT)15(TPP)4]2- (shortly Ag42) using a ligand-exchange induced structural transformation reaction starting from [Ag18H16(TPP)10]2+ (shortly Ag18). The formation of Ag42 was confirmed using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multiple UV-vis optical absorption features, which exhibit characteristic patterns, confirmed its molecular nature. Ag42 is the highest nuclearity silver nanocluster protected with carboranes reported so far. Although these clusters are thermally stable up to 200 °C in their solid state, light-irradiation of its solutions in dichloromethane results in its structural conversion to [Ag14(CBDT)6(TPP)6] (shortly Ag14). Single crystal X-ray diffraction of Ag14 exhibits Ag8-Ag6 core-shell structure of this nanocluster. Other spectroscopic and microscopic studies also confirm the formation of Ag14. Time-dependent mass spectrometry revealed that this light-activated intercluster conversion went through two sets of intermediate clusters. The first set of intermediates, [Ag37(CBDT)12(TPP)4]3- and [Ag35(CBDT)8(TPP)4]2- were formed after 8 h of light irradiation, and the second set comprised of [Ag30(CBDT)8(TPP)4]2-, [Ag26(CBDT)11(TPP)4]2-, and [Ag26(CBDT)7(TPP)7]2- were formed after 16 h of irradiation. After 24 h, the conversion to Ag14 was complete. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the kernel-centered excited state molecular orbitals of Ag42 are responsible for light-activated transformation. Interestingly, Ag42 showed near-infrared emission at 980 nm (1.26 eV) with a lifetime of >1.5 μs, indicating phosphorescence, while Ag14 shows red luminescence at 626 nm (1.98 eV) with a lifetime of 550 ps, indicating fluorescence. Femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption showed the transitions between their electronic energy levels and associated carrier dynamics. Formation of the stable excited states of Ag42 is shown to be responsible for the core transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Jana
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Madhuri Jash
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Poonia
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-462066, India
| | - Ganesan Paramasivam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Sudhadevi Antharjanam
- Sophisticated Analytical Instruments Facility (SAIF), Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Jan Machacek
- Department of Synthesis, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science, 1001 Husinec-Rez, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Sundargopal Ghosh
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | | | - Tomas Base
- Department of Synthesis, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Science, 1001 Husinec-Rez, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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22
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Zou X, Lv Y, Kang X, Yu H, Jin S, Zhu M. Structure Determination of the Cl-Enriched [Ag 52(SAdm) 31Cl 13] 2+ Nanocluster. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14803-14809. [PMID: 34516083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cl atoms can serve as the innermost core, the peripheral ligand, or the counterions of metal nanoclusters. Herein, we report the structural determination a Cl-enriched [Ag52(SAdm)31Cl13]2+. The ratio of Cl to AdmSH is quite high compared to those of other nanoclusters. Structurally, nine Cl atoms, existing at the interlayer of the inner kernel and the surface motif, serve as the bridging ligands to sustain the robustness of the whole structure. Interestingly, four Cl atoms on the motif structure can be substituted by Br. This work allows us to clear the regulation of Cl ligands in the structural construction of metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.,Anhui Graphene Engineering Laboratory, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
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23
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Gu Y, Xu T, Zhu Z, Chen X, Chen W, Lu W. Atomic-Scale Tailoring and Molecular-Level Tracking of Oxygen-Containing Tungsten Single-Atom Catalysts with Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:37142-37151. [PMID: 34333965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The local coordination structure of metal atoms in single-atom catalysts (SACs) greatly influences their catalytic performance. And for most SACs, single metal atoms were anchored on carbon materials with N or C coordination. However, the rational design of oxygen-containing SACs and analyzing its structure-performance relationship remain challenging. Herein, we used amino-rich compounds to tailor the metatungstate and fix the W atoms and finally obtained the oxygen-containing W-SACs. The structural evolution of tungsten and its coordination atoms were tracked by electrospray ionization high-definition mass spectrometry. Furthermore, aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy, and first-principles calculation results revealed that different from the traditional SACs, the WO2N2 moiety (W coordinated with two O atoms and two N atoms) may be the favored structure for W species. This special structure promoted the energy transfer for enhancing singlet oxygen generation. This work presents an efficient way to prepare more high-efficiency SACs by atomic-scale tailoring and structural evolution tracking at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Tiefeng Xu
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhexin Zhu
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiufang Chen
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wangyang Lu
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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24
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The beauty of binary phases: A facile strategy for synthesis, processing, functionalization, and application of ultrasmall metal nanoclusters. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Peng J, Wang P, Wang B, Xiong L, Liu H, Pei Y, Zeng XC. Exploration of Formation and Size-Evolution Pathways of Thiolate-Gold Nanoclusters in the CO-Directed [Au 25 (SR) 18 ] - Synthesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2000627. [PMID: 32761785 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An intermolecular association and decarboxylation mechanism is proposed to understand the experimental evidence of the stepwise 2e- hopping in the reductant-assisted thiolate-gold cluster synthesis. Based on the newly proposed intermolecular reaction mechanism, a total of 19 molecular-like reaction equations are deduced to account for the bottom-up formation of 2e- -8e- gold nanoclusters in the CO-directed [Au25 (SR)18 ]- synthesis. With these established reaction equations, atomic pathways of three prototype cluster-size evolution reactions are comprehensively explored in the course of [Au25 (SR)18 ]- synthesis, namely, the conversion of 0e- homoleptic Au(I) -SR complexes to the 2e- intermediate Au15 (SR)13 cluster, the size-evolution of 2e- Au15 (SR)13 cluster to the 4e- -8e- cluster (stepwise 2e- -hopping), and the isoelectronic addition reaction of [Au23 (SR)16 ]- to the [Au25 (SR)18 ]- . The studies reveal that the CO can combine with the Au(I)-complex to form [Aux (SR)x -COOH]- species in the alkaline condition, which acts as the active precursors in the 2e- hopping cluster-size evolution process. Lastly, as a conceptual extension of the mechanistic studies of the CO-reduction system, a similar intermolecular reaction mechanism is proposed for the 2e- reduction in the conventional "NaBH4 reduction" system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Bingxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Hengzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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26
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Li Q, Chai J, Yang S, Song Y, Chen T, Chen C, Zhang H, Yu H, Zhu M. Multiple Ways Realizing Charge-State Transform in AuCu Bimetallic Nanoclusters with Atomic Precision. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e1907114. [PMID: 32363778 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiolate-protected nanoclusters with different charge states usually show similar structure frameworks but different electronic configurations, which are proved to dramatically affect their properties such as magnetism, photoluminescence, and catalytic activity. Until now, few nanoclusters with alterable charge states have been reported and only some of them are structurally solved, limiting the in-depth studies on their interesting properties. Here, a new AuCu alloy nanocluster [Au18 Cu32 (SPhCl)36 ]2- (HSPhCl = 4-chlorophenylthiophenol) is synthesized and structurally solved by X-ray crystallography. Interestingly, it is found that this nanocluster can be reduced to another nanocluster with a different charge state, that is, [Au18 Cu32 (SPhCl)36 ]3- . This change in charge states is clearly proved by X-ray crystallography, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Furthermore, several redox methods are carried out to realize the reversible interconversion between these two nanoclusters, including electrochemical redox, introduction of H2 O2 /NaBH4 , and oxidation with silica under air atmosphere. This work offers new insight into the transform progress of charge states with AuCu alloy nanoclusters which contributes to the understanding of the relationship between electronic structure and properties of nanoclusters and further development of AuCu nanoclusters with excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhen Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Sha Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
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27
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Cao Y, Liu T, Chen T, Zhang B, Jiang DE, Xie J. Revealing the etching process of water-soluble Au 25 nanoclusters at the molecular level. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3212. [PMID: 34050184 PMCID: PMC8163824 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Etching (often considered as decomposition) is one of the key considerations in the synthesis, storage, and application of metal nanoparticles. However, the underlying chemistry of their etching process still remains elusive. Here, we use real-time electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to study the reaction dynamics and size/structure evolution of all the stable intermediates during the etching of water-soluble thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), which reveal an unusual "recombination" process in the oxidative reaction environment after the initial decomposition process. Interestingly, the sizes of NC species grow larger and their ligand-to-metal ratios become higher during this recombination process, which are distinctly different from that observed in the reductive growth of Au NCs (e.g., lower ligand-to-metal ratios with increasing sizes). The etching chemistry revealed in this study provides molecular-level understandings on how metal nanoparticles transform under the oxidative reaction environment, providing efficient synthetic strategies for new NC species through the etching reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Tiankai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Bihan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 735020, China
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore. .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 735020, China.
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28
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Shen H, Wei X, Xu C, Jin S, Wang S, Kang X, Zhu M. Cocrystallization-driven stabilization of metastable nanoclusters: a case study of Pd 1Au 9. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7694-7699. [PMID: 33928981 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The structural determination of metastable nanoclusters remains challenging, which impedes the in-depth understanding of their structural evolution. Herein, based on a case study of Pd1Au9, we present a "cocrystallization-driven stabilization" approach to stabilize the metastable nanocluster and then determine its atomically precise structure. The [Pd1Au9(TFPP)7Br2]+ nanocluster is unstable in solution and would spontaneously convert to Pd2Au23(TFPP)10Br7. The introduction of Au11(TFPP)7Br3 nanocluster to the crystallization process of [Pd1Au9(TFPP)7Br2]+ gives rise to the cocrystallized Pd1Au9(TFPP)6Br3@Au11(TFPP)7Br3, although the composition of Pd1Au9 changes from [Pd1Au9(TFPP)7Br2]+ to Pd1Au9(TFPP)6Br3 among this cocrystallization. With this approach, the overall structure of the metastable Pd1Au9 has been determined. Owing to the very similar cluster size and surface ligand environment between Au11 and Pd1Au9, the obtained Pd1Au9@Au11 cocrystal exhibits almost the same cell parameters as those of the single crystalized Au11. Overall, the proposed "cocrystallization-driven stabilization" approach hopefully sheds light on the structural determination of more metastable nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Shuxin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
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29
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Zhong YJ, Liao JH, Chiu TH, Wu YY, Kahlal S, McGlinchey MJ, Saillard JY, Liu CW. Intercluster exchanges leading to hydride-centered bimetallic clusters: a multi-NMR, X-ray crystallographic, and DFT study. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4727-4734. [PMID: 33734266 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Encouraged by the successful syntheses of alloy nanoclusters (or nanoparticles) via intercluster (or interparticle) reactions, herein we apply this methodology to prepare a series of bimetallic hydride clusters. Mixing of two clusters, [Ag7(H){E2P(OiPr)2}6] (E = S, 1; Se, 3) and [Cu7(H){E2P(OiPr)2}6] (E = S, 2; Se, 4), yields two series of hydride-centered bimetallic clusters, [CuxAg7-x(H){E2P(OiPr)2}6] (x = 0-7; E = S, 5; Se, 6). Their compositions are fully characterized by positive-mode ESI-MS spectrometry, multi-NMR spectroscopy, and the structures of [Cu6Ag(H){S2P(OiPr)2}6] (5a) and [CuAg6(H){Se2P(OiPr)2}6] (6a) by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The presence of individual compounds in solution is the result of a (dynamic) chemical equilibrium primarily driven by metal exchanges. In fact, the process of inter-cluster exchange of 1 and 2 leading to hydride-centered bimetallic clusters 5 can be monitored by concentration-dependent 31P NMR spectroscopy of which the higher concentration of 1 in the reaction, the closer to its resonance will be the distribution, in accord with Le Chatelier's principle. The dynamic equilibrium is further confirmed by 2D exchange spectroscopy that reveals a stepwise process involving one metal exchange at a time. DFT calculations on a model series of clusters 6 show that silver prefers occupying the inner tetrahedral positions, while copper favors capping positions, in full agreement with the crystal structure of 5a and 6a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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30
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Solvent-driven reversible transformation between electrically neutral thiolate protected Ag25 and Ag26 clusters. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Koyasu K, Tsukuda T. Gas-phase studies of chemically synthesized Au and Ag clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:140901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0041812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033,
Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520,
Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033,
Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520,
Japan
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32
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Ma X, Tang Y, Ma G, Qin L, Tang Z. Controllable synthesis and formation mechanism study of homoleptic alkynyl-protected Au nanoclusters: recent advances, grand challenges, and great opportunities. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:602-614. [PMID: 33410856 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, atomically precise coinage metal nanoclusters have been a subject of major interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their determined compositions and well-defined molecular structures, which are beneficial for establishing structure-property relationships. Recently ligand engineering has been extended to alkynyl molecules. Homoleptic alkynyl-protected Au nanoclusters (Au NCs) have emerged as a hotspot of research interest, mainly due to their unique optical properties, molecular configuration, and catalytic functionalities, and more importantly, they are used as a counterpart object for fundamental study to compare with the well-established thiolate Au NCs. In this review, we first summarize the recently reported various controllable synthetic strategies for atomically precise homoleptic-alkynyl-protected Au NCs, with particular emphasis on the ligand exchange method, direct reduction of the precursor, one-pot synthesis, and the synchronous nucleation and passivation strategy. After that, we switch our focus to the formation mechanism and structure evolution process of homoleptic alkynyl-protected Au NCs, where Au144(PA)60 and Au36(PA)24 (PA = phenylacetylide) are given as examples, along with the prediction of the possible formation mechanism of some other cluster molecules. In the end of this review, the outlook and perspective of this rapidly developing field including grand challenges and great opportunities are discussed. This review can stimulate more research efforts towards developing new synthetic strategies to enrich the limited examples and unravel the formation/growth mechanism of homoleptic alkynyl-protected Au NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials and New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yun Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials and New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Guanyu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials and New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Lubing Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials and New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhenghua Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials and New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China. and Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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33
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Hülsey MJ, Sun G, Sautet P, Yan N. Observing Single‐Atom Catalytic Sites During Reactions with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max J. Hülsey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 1 Engineering Drive 3 117580 Singapore Singapore
| | - Geng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 1 Engineering Drive 3 117580 Singapore Singapore
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34
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Hülsey MJ, Sun G, Sautet P, Yan N. Observing Single‐Atom Catalytic Sites During Reactions with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4764-4773. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max J. Hülsey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 1 Engineering Drive 3 117580 Singapore Singapore
| | - Geng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 1 Engineering Drive 3 117580 Singapore Singapore
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35
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Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are probably the nanoparticles that have been best studied for the longest time due to their stability, physicochemical properties and applications. Controlling gold nanoparticles with atomic precision is of significance for subsequent research on their structures, properties and applications, which is a dream that has been pursued for many years since ruby gold was first obtained by Faraday in 1857. Fortunately, this dream has recently been partially realized for some ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (nanoclusters). However, rationally designing and synthesizing gold nanoparticles with atomic precision are still distant goals, and this challenge might rely primarily on rich atomically precise gold nanoparticle libraries and the in-depth understanding of metal nanoparticle chemistry. Herein, we review general synthesis strategies and some facile synthesis methods, with an emphasis on the controlling parameters determined from well-documented results, which might have important implications for future nanoparticle synthesis with atomic precision and facilitate related research and applications. The synthesis strategy, methods and parameters for atomically precise gold nanoclusters were reviewed, and future outlook was also proposed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 P. R. China .,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 P. R. China .,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
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36
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Maman MP, Nair AS, Abdul Hakkim Nazeeja AM, Pathak B, Mandal S. Synergistic Effect of Bridging Thiolate and Hub Atoms for the Aromaticity Driven Symmetry Breaking in Atomically Precise Gold Nanocluster. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10052-10059. [PMID: 33179940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The symmetry of atomically precise nanoclusters is influenced by the specific geometry of the kernel and the arrangement of staple motifs. To understanding the role of ligand and its effect on the breaking of symmetry during ligand exchange transformation, it is necessary to have a mechanism of transformation in an atomically precise manner. Herein, we report the structural transformation from bipyramidal kernel to icosahedral kernel via ligand exchange. The transformation of [Au23(CHT)16]- to [Au25(2-NPT)18]- through ligand (aromatic) exchange revealed two important principles. First, the combined effort of experimental and theoretical study on structural analysis elucidated the mechanism of this structural transformation where "bridging thiolate" and "hub" gold atoms play a crucial role. Second, we have found that the higher crystal symmetry of the Au23 cluster is broken to lower crystal symmetry during the ligand exchange process. This showed that during ligand exchange, the hub atoms and μ3-S atoms get distorted and contributed to the ligand-staple motif formation. These phenomena specified that the ligand effects might be the pivotal factor to impose lower symmetry of the crystal system in the product clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju P Maman
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O, Trivandrum 695551, India
| | - Akhil S Nair
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | | | - Biswarup Pathak
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O, Trivandrum 695551, India
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37
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Yao Q, Wu Z, Liu Z, Lin Y, Yuan X, Xie J. Molecular reactivity of thiolate-protected noble metal nanoclusters: synthesis, self-assembly, and applications. Chem Sci 2020; 12:99-127. [PMID: 34163584 PMCID: PMC8178751 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04620e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiolate-protected noble metal (e.g., Au and Ag) nanoclusters (NCs) are ultra-small particles with a core size of less than 3 nm. Due to the strong quantum confinement effects and diverse atomic packing modes in this ultra-small size regime, noble metal NCs exhibit numerous molecule-like optical, magnetic, and electronic properties, making them an emerging family of "metallic molecules". Based on such molecule-like structures and properties, an individual noble metal NC behaves as a molecular entity in many chemical reactions, and exhibits structurally sensitive molecular reactivity to various ions, molecules, and other metal NCs. Although this molecular reactivity determines the application of NCs in various fields such as sensors, biomedicine, and catalysis, there is still a lack of systematic summary of the molecular interaction/reaction fundamentals of noble metal NCs at the molecular and atomic levels in the current literature. Here, we discuss the latest progress in understanding and exploiting the molecular interactions/reactions of noble metal NCs in their synthesis, self-assembly and application scenarios, based on the typical M(0)@M(i)-SR core-shell structure scheme, where M and SR are the metal atom and thiolate ligand, respectively. In particular, the continuous development of synthesis and characterization techniques has enabled noble metal NCs to be produced with molecular purity and atomically precise structural resolution. Such molecular purity and atomically precise structure, coupled with the great help of theoretical calculations, have revealed the active sites in various structural hierarchies of noble metal NCs (e.g., M(0) core, M-S interface, and SR ligand) for their molecular interactions/reactions. The anatomy of such molecular interactions/reactions of noble metal NCs in synthesis, self-assembly, and applications (e.g., sensors, biomedicine, and catalysis) constitutes another center of our discussion. The basis and practicality of the molecular interactions/reactions of noble metal NCs exemplified in this Review may increase the acceptance of metal NCs in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
| | - Zhennan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou China 350207
| | - Yingzheng Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou China 350207
| | - Xun Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China 266042
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou China 350207
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38
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Li Y, Cowan MJ, Zhou M, Luo TY, Song Y, Wang H, Rosi NL, Mpourmpakis G, Jin R. Atom-by-Atom Evolution of the Same Ligand-Protected Au 21, Au 22, Au 22Cd 1, and Au 24 Nanocluster Series. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20426-20433. [PMID: 33170677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atom-by-atom manipulation on metal nanoclusters (NCs) has long been desired, as the resulting series of NCs can provide insightful understanding of how a single atom affects the structure and properties as well as the evolution with size. Here, we report crystallizations of Au22(SAdm)16 and Au22Cd1(SAdm)16 (SAdm = adamantanethiolate) which link up with Au21(SAdm)15 and Au24(SAdm)16 NCs and form an atom-by-atom evolving series protected by the same ligand. Structurally, Au22(SAdm)16 has an Au3(SAdm)4 surface motif which is longer than the Au2(SAdm)3 on Au21(SAdm)15, whereas Au22Cd1(SAdm)16 lacks one staple Au atom compared to Au24(SAdm)16 and thus the surface structure is reconstructed. A single Cd atom triggers the structural transition from Au22 with a 10-atom bioctahedral kernel to Au22Cd1 with a 13-atom cuboctahedral kernel, and correspondingly, the optical properties are dramatically changed. The photoexcited carrier lifetime demonstrates that the optical properties and excited state relaxation are highly sensitive at the single atom level. By contrast, little change in both ionization potential and electron affinity is found in this series of NCs by theoretical calculations, indicating the electronic properties are independent of adding a single atom in this series. The work provides a paradigm that the NCs with continuous metal atom numbers are accessible and crystallizable when meticulously designed, and the optical properties are more affected at the single atom level than the electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael J Cowan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Tian-Yi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Giannis Mpourmpakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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39
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Cao Y, Fung V, Yao Q, Chen T, Zang S, Jiang DE, Xie J. Control of single-ligand chemistry on thiolated Au 25 nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5498. [PMID: 33127904 PMCID: PMC7603303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse methods have been developed to tailor the number of metal atoms in metal nanoclusters, but control of surface ligand number at a given cluster size is rare. Here we demonstrate that reversible addition and elimination of a single surface thiolate ligand (-SR) on gold nanoclusters can be realized, opening the door to precision ligand engineering on atomically precise nanoclusters. We find that oxidative etching of [Au25SR18]− nanoclusters adds an excess thiolate ligand and generates a new species, [Au25SR19]0. The addition reaction can be reversed by CO reduction of [Au25SR19]0, leading back to [Au25SR18]− and eliminating precisely one surface ligand. Intriguingly, we show that the ligand shell of Au25 nanoclusters becomes more fragile and rigid after ligand addition. This reversible addition/elimination reaction of a single surface ligand on gold nanoclusters shows potential to precisely control the number of surface ligands and to explore new ligand space at each nuclearity. Diverse methods have been developed to tailor the number of metal atoms in metal nanoclusters, but controlling the number of surface ligands is rare. Here, the authors realize reversible addition and elimination of a single thiolate ligand on a gold nanocluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Victor Fung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Tiankai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shuangquan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore. .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, 350207, Fuzhou, China.
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40
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Li D, Liu Q, Qi Q, Shi H, Hsu EC, Chen W, Yuan W, Wu Y, Lin S, Zeng Y, Xiao Z, Xu L, Zhang Y, Stoyanova T, Jia W, Cheng Z. Gold Nanoclusters for NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging of Bones. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003851. [PMID: 33000882 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) holds great promise for deep tissue visualization. Development of novel clinical translatable NIR-II probes is crucial for realizing the medical applications of NIR-II fluorescence imaging. Herein, the glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters (AuNCs, specifically Au25 (SG)18 ) demonstrate highly efficient binding capability to hydroxyapatite in vitro for the first time. Further in vivo NIR-II fluorescence imaging of AuNCs indicate that they accumulate in bone tissues with high contrast and signal-background ratio. AuNCs are also mainly and quickly excreted from body through renal system, showing excellent ribs and thoracic vertebra imaging because of no background signal in liver and spleen. The deep tissue penetration capability and high resolution of AuNCs in NIR-II imaging render their great potential for fluorescence-guided surgery like spinal pedicle screw implantation. Overall, AuNCs are highly promising and clinical translatable NIR-II imaging probe for visualizing bone and bone related abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qingrong Qi
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - En-Chi Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Wenli Yuan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yifan Wu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yitian Zeng
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zunyu Xiao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lingyun Xu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
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41
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Lv Y, Zhao R, Weng S, Yu H. Core Charge Density Dominated Size‐Conversion from Au
6
P
8
to Au
8
P
8
Cl
2. Chemistry 2020; 26:12382-12387. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of, Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for, Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Key Laboratory of, Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
| | - Ruoya Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of, Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for, Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Key Laboratory of, Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
| | - Shiyin Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of, Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for, Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Key Laboratory of, Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of, Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for, Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Key Laboratory of, Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
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42
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Xia N, Yuan J, Liao L, Zhang W, Li J, Deng H, Yang J, Wu Z. Structural Oscillation Revealed in Gold Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12140-12145. [PMID: 32517466 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oscillation is an intriguing phenomenon in nature. However, structural oscillation has not yet been found in semiconducting nanoparticles, primarily due to the difficulty of structural resolution at the atomic level. The emergence of gold nanoclusters (ultrasmall nanoparticles) has provided an excellent opportunity to address some challenging issues in the nanoparticle field. Herein, two Au28(CHT)20 (CHT: cyclohexanethiolate) structural isomers (Au28i and Au28ii for short) were concurrently synthesized by employing a quasi-antigalvanic method, and they could be reversibly transformed into each other for at least 10 cycles, driven by dissolution and crystallization processes. The transformation from Au28ii to Au28i is solvent-dielectric-constant-dependent, with a notable deuteration effect from dichloromethane. The markedly different photoluminescence values of these two isomers not only have important implications for the structure-property correlations but also have potential applications in converting, sensing, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lingwen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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43
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Highly fluorescent few atoms silver nanoclusters with strong photocatalytic activity synthesized by ultrashort light pulses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8217. [PMID: 32427832 PMCID: PMC7237420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While there are conventional chemical synthesis methods to generate metal nanoclusters (NCs), many of them are adversely affected by the unavoidable contamination of the nanoproduct solution, resulting in aggregation, background noise in analytical chemistry, toxicity, and deactivation of the catalyst. In this work, physical method of ultrafast laser ablation as a "green" synthesis approach together with mechanical centrifugation to obtain silver NCs, simplifying widely the chemical synthesis requirements, is proposed. Remarkably, compared with conventional methods for synthesizing Ag NCs, this new approach starts with a colloid that contains nanosized particles as well as smaller species, managing to obtain colloids with few atoms NCs by centrifugation. Those colloids were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy observing UV bands corresponding with HOMO-LUMO cluster transitions. Besides, independent HRTEM measurements were made confirming the presence of few atoms Ag NCs, as well as small NPs in different formation stages. Equally important, photocatalytic efficiency of the obtained NCs was studied through degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) when it was mixed with as-prepared or highly centrifuged colloid, showing an enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of 79% as compared to 57% for pure MB after 180 min of illumination. Consequently, this work contributes to establishing a simple approach to synthesize highly fluorescent and photocatalytic NCs.
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44
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Yuan P, Zhang R, Selenius E, Ruan P, Yao Y, Zhou Y, Malola S, Häkkinen H, Teo BK, Cao Y, Zheng N. Solvent-mediated assembly of atom-precise gold-silver nanoclusters to semiconducting one-dimensional materials. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2229. [PMID: 32376829 PMCID: PMC7203111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bottom-up design of functional device components based on nanometer-sized building blocks relies on accurate control of their self-assembly behavior. Atom-precise metal nanoclusters are well-characterizable building blocks for designing tunable nanomaterials, but it has been challenging to achieve directed assembly to macroscopic functional cluster-based materials with highly anisotropic properties. Here, we discover a solvent-mediated assembly of 34-atom intermetallic gold-silver clusters protected by 20 1-ethynyladamantanes into 1D polymers with Ag-Au-Ag bonds between neighboring clusters as shown directly by the atomic structure from single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Density functional theory calculations predict that the single crystals of cluster polymers have a band gap of about 1.3 eV. Field-effect transistors fabricated with single crystals of cluster polymers feature highly anisotropic p-type semiconductor properties with ≈1800-fold conductivity in the direction of the polymer as compared to cross directions, hole mobility of ≈0.02 cm2 V-1 s-1, and an ON/OFF ratio up to ≈4000. This performance holds promise for further design of functional cluster-based materials with highly anisotropic semiconducting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Elli Selenius
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pengpeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Yangrong Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Boon K Teo
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China.
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45
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Negishi Y, Hashimoto S, Ebina A, Hamada K, Hossain S, Kawawaki T. Atomic-level separation of thiolate-protected metal clusters. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8017-8039. [PMID: 32207494 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fine metal clusters have attracted much attention from the viewpoints of both basic and applied science for many years because of their unique physical/chemical properties and functions, which differ from those of bulk metals. Among these materials, thiolate (SR)-protected gold clusters (Aun(SR)m clusters) have been the most studied metal clusters since 2000 because of their ease of synthesis and handling. However, in the early 2000s, it was not easy to isolate these metal clusters. Therefore, high-resolution separation methods were explored, and several atomic-level separation methods, including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), were successively established. These techniques have made it possible to isolate a series of Aun(SR)m clusters, and much knowledge has been obtained on the correlation between the chemical composition and fundamental properties such as the stability, electronic structure, and physical properties of Aun(SR)m clusters. In addition, these high-resolution separation techniques are now also frequently used to evaluate the distribution of the product and to track the reaction process. In this way, high-resolution separation techniques have played an essential role in the study of Aun(SR)m clusters. However, only a few reviews have focused on this work. This review focuses on PAGE, HPLC, and TLC separation techniques, which offer high resolution and repeatability, and summarizes previous studies on the high-resolution separation of Aun(SR)m and related clusters with the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the features and the utility of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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Zhang X, Wang Z, Qian S, Liu N, Sui L, Yuan X. Effect of subtle changes of isomeric ligands on the synthesis of atomically precise water-soluble gold nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6449-6455. [PMID: 32149321 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00379d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The subtle structural change of hydrophilic ligands on the size control of metal nanoclusters (NCs) is unclear but critically important for fundamental understanding. Herein, we report our findings that subtle changes of isomeric ligands lead to a dramatic difference in the size of water-soluble Au NCs. By using isomeric para-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA), m-MBA, and o-MBA as model ligands, it was found that both the steric hindrance and the electronic effect of isomeric ligands significantly influences the size of Au NCs, resulting in the formation of different sized Au44(p-MBA)26 NCs, Au25(m-MBA)18 NCs, and Au37/43(o-MBA)22/26 NCs. Besides this, by collocating any two of the isomeric MBAs as ligand pairs to compare their protecting capability for Au NCs, the protecting abilities of such ligands were found to follow the trend: m-MBA > o-MBA > p-MBA. In addition, the growth process of Au44(p-/o-MBA)26 NCs from Au(i)-MBA complexes in the NaBH4 reduction system was also monitored by real-time UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry, which complies with the 2e- hopping growth principle, indicating the universal applicability of this principle in the synthesis of thiolated metal NCs. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the effect of ligands' steric hindrance and electronic factors on the size control of water-soluble metal NCs and sheds light on the formation of metal NCs in the NaBH4 reduction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Ziping Wang
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang 262700, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Naiwei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Lina Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Xun Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
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Xu J, Xu S, Chen M, Zhu Y. Unlocking the catalytic activity of an eight-atom gold cluster with a Pd atom. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6020-6028. [PMID: 32124904 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10198e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It remains elusive as to how exactly the site-specific atom in a catalyst can induce a chemical reaction mainly due to the observed catalytic performance from an ensemble average of all active atoms in the catalyst. In this work, we have reported the catalytic properties of four metal clusters (namely, Au8Pd, Au9, Au24Pd and Au25) for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. It was found that the Pd atom in the Au8Pd cluster is likely to be a key to catalyze the oxidation reaction, in which the Pd atom can provide an active site to adsorb and activate O2. Our calculation study suggests that the high catalytic activity of the Au8Pd cluster is due to the unique ability of Au8Pd to mediate the electrons and holes of the adsorbates. This work provides a feasible strategy to enable highly efficient chemical processes via precisely doping foreign atoms into catalysts with atomic precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Maman MP, Nair AS, Cheraparambil H, Pathak B, Mandal S. Size Evolution Dynamics of Gold Nanoclusters at an Atom-Precision Level: Ligand Exchange, Growth Mechanism, Electrochemical, and Photophysical Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1781-1788. [PMID: 32064877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation of size evolution is an essential part of nanocluster transformation processes for unraveling the mechanism at an atom-precision level. Here we report the transformation of a non-superatomic Au23 to a superatomic Au36 nanocluster via Au28 cluster formation, activated by the bulky 4-tert-butylbenzenethiol ligand. Time-dependent matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry data revealed that the conversion proceeds through ligand exchange followed by the size focusing method, ultimately leading to size growth. We also validated this transformation through time-dependent ultraviolet-visible data. Density functional theory calculations predicted that the kernel of the Au28 cluster evolved through a linear combination of molecular orbitals of the fragment of 2e- units (Au42+ and Au3+) from the kernel of the Au23 cluster. Periodic growth of gold cores through continuous growth of Au4 tetrahedral unit leads to the formation of the Au36 cluster from the Au28 cluster. These results reinforce the plausibility of size evolution through the growth mechanism during the transformation process. Differential pulse voltammetry studies showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap inversely varies with the kernel size of these clusters. Photophysical experiments support the molecular-like intersystem crossing rather than core-shell relaxation to these clusters. The trends of photoluminescence lifetime were found to be the reverse of those of the energy gap law. The increment of lifetimes for the larger cluster can be mainly due to the contribution of both hot carriers and band-edge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju P Maman
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum 695551, India
| | - Akhil S Nair
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Haritha Cheraparambil
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum 695551, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum 695551, India
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Jiang W, Bai Y, Li Q, Yao X, Zhang H, Song Y, Meng X, Yu H, Zhu M. Steric and Electrostatic Control of the pH-Regulated Interconversion of Au 16(SR) 12 and Au 18(SR) 14 (SR: Deprotonated Captopril). Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5394-5404. [PMID: 32100535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the response of nanomaterials to specific environmental parameters is an essential prerequisite for their practical use, especially in living systems. Herein, we disclose the preparation of a water-soluble nanocluster Au16(SR)12 (SR denotes deprotonated captopril) and its characterization by a combination of theoretical (e.g., density functional theory calculations) and experimental (UV-vis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, etc.) methods. Interestingly, Au16(SR)12 was found to convert to Au18(SR)14 under acidic conditions, while the reverse conversion from Au18(SR)14 to Au16(SR)12 occurred upon the addition of base. A mechanistic investigation determined this pH regulation to originate from the distinct steric and electrostatic properties of these two clusters. This study is the first to report the susceptibility of Au18(SR)14 and Au16(SR)12 to pH, and the distinct pH stability unambiguously reveals the importance of size-tracking of nanomaterials in living systems for future clinical applications.
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Ramadurai M, Vinitha P, Prabhu P, Komathi S, Suresh Babu R. Size-Dependent Photoluminescence from Thiolate-Protected Water-Soluble Cobalt Nanoclusters. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Ramadurai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Madras, Guindy Campus; Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025
| | - Packirisamy Vinitha
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Madras, Guindy Campus; Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025
| | - Pandurangan Prabhu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Madras, Guindy Campus; Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025
| | - ---Shanmugam Komathi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Madras, Guindy Campus; Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025
| | - Rajendran Suresh Babu
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physics; Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca; Rio de Janeiro 20271 110 Brazil
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