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Jia WZ, Yu MT. Atom-photon dressed states in a waveguide-QED system with multiple giant atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:9495-9511. [PMID: 38571183 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We study the properties of bound states in waveguide-QED systems consisting of multiple giant atoms coupled to a coupled-resonator waveguide. Based on the general analytical expressions for these states and the corresponding energy spectra, we analyze in detail the threshold conditions for the appearance of bound states and the photon-mediated interactions between dressed atoms for different configurations. In addition, when multiple giant atoms are coupled to the waveguide, different types of interacting atomic chain can be obtained by manipulating the coupling configurations. Accordingly, the energy spectra of the bound states form metaband structures in the photonic band gaps. This makes the system a useful platform for quantum simulation and quantum information processing.
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2
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Tabares C, Muñoz de Las Heras A, Tagliacozzo L, Porras D, González-Tudela A. Variational Quantum Simulators Based on Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:073602. [PMID: 37656849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Waveguide QED simulators are analog quantum simulators made by quantum emitters interacting with one-dimensional photonic band gap materials. One of their remarkable features is that they can be used to engineer tunable-range emitter interactions. Here, we demonstrate how these interactions can be a resource to develop more efficient variational quantum algorithms for certain problems. In particular, we illustrate their power in creating wave function Ansätze that capture accurately the ground state of quantum critical spin models (XXZ and Ising) with fewer gates and optimization parameters than other variational Ansätze based on nearest-neighbor or infinite-range entangling gates. Finally, we study the potential advantages of these waveguide Ansätze in the presence of noise. Overall, these results evidence the potential of using the interaction range as a variational parameter and place waveguide QED simulators as a promising platform for variational quantum algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tabares
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Muñoz de Las Heras
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Tagliacozzo
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Porras
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Tudela
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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3
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García-Elcano I, Merino J, Bravo-Abad J, González-Tudela A. Probing and harnessing photonic Fermi arc surface states using light-matter interactions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8257. [PMID: 37256964 PMCID: PMC10413654 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fermi arcs, i.e., surface states connecting topologically distinct Weyl points, represent a paradigmatic manifestation of the topological aspects of Weyl physics. We investigate a light-matter interface based on the photonic counterpart of these states and prove that it can lead to phenomena with no analog in other setups. First, we show how to image the Fermi arcs by studying the spontaneous decay of one or many emitters coupled to the system's border. Second, we demonstrate that, exploiting the negative refraction of these modes, the Fermi arc surface states can act as a robust quantum link, enabling, e.g., the occurrence of perfect quantum state transfer between the considered emitters or the formation of highly entangled states. In addition to their fundamental interest, our findings evidence the potential offered by the photonic Fermi arc light-matter interfaces for the design of more robust quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki García-Elcano
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Merino
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bravo-Abad
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Zhang X, Kim E, Mark DK, Choi S, Painter O. A superconducting quantum simulator based on a photonic-bandgap metamaterial. Science 2023; 379:278-283. [PMID: 36656924 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade7651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing many-body quantum systems with various ranges of interactions facilitates the study of quantum chaotic dynamics. Such extended interaction range can be enabled by using nonlocal degrees of freedom such as photonic modes in an otherwise locally connected structure. Here, we present a superconducting quantum simulator in which qubits are connected through an extensible photonic-bandgap metamaterial, thus realizing a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with tunable hopping range and on-site interaction. Using individual site control and readout, we characterize the statistics of measurement outcomes from many-body quench dynamics, which enables in situ Hamiltonian learning. Further, the outcome statistics reveal the effect of increased hopping range, showing the predicted crossover from integrability to ergodicity. Our work enables the study of emergent randomness from chaotic many-body evolution and, more broadly, expands the accessible Hamiltonians for quantum simulation using superconducting circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyue Zhang
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics and Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Eunjong Kim
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics and Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Daniel K Mark
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Soonwon Choi
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Oskar Painter
- Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics and Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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5
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Topological lattices realized in superconducting circuit optomechanics. Nature 2022; 612:666-672. [PMID: 36543952 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cavity optomechanics enables the control of mechanical motion through the radiation-pressure interaction1, and has contributed to the quantum control of engineered mechanical systems ranging from kilogramme-scale Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) mirrors to nanomechanical systems, enabling ground-state preparation2,3, entanglement4,5, squeezing of mechanical objects6, position measurements at the standard quantum limit7 and quantum transduction8. Yet nearly all previous schemes have used single- or few-mode optomechanical systems. By contrast, new dynamics and applications are expected when using optomechanical lattices9, which enable the synthesis of non-trivial band structures, and these lattices have been actively studied in the field of circuit quantum electrodynamics10. Superconducting microwave optomechanical circuits2 are a promising platform to implement such lattices, but have been compounded by strict scaling limitations. Here we overcome this challenge and demonstrate topological microwave modes in one-dimensional circuit optomechanical chains realizing the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model11,12. Furthermore, we realize the strained graphene model13,14 in a two-dimensional optomechanical honeycomb lattice. Exploiting the embedded optomechanical interaction, we show that it is possible to directly measure the mode functions of the hybridized modes without using any local probe15,16. This enables us to reconstruct the full underlying lattice Hamiltonian and directly measure the existing residual disorder. Such optomechanical lattices, accompanied by the measurement techniques introduced, offer an avenue to explore collective17,18, quantum many-body19 and quench20 dynamics, topological properties9,21 and, more broadly, emergent nonlinear dynamics in complex optomechanical systems with a large number of degrees of freedom22-24.
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6
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Chen Y, Shanenko AA. Multiband Superconductors: Two Characteristic Lengths for Each Contributing Condensate. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10350-10355. [PMID: 36314666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interference of multiple condensates coexisting in one system may lead to unconventional coherent behavior. This is expected when the spatial lengths of the condensates are essentially different. Traditionally, the characteristic spatial length of a superconducting condensate is associated with the gap function. However, the broader readership is more familiar with the concept of the Cooper-pair wave function. For conventional single-band superconductors, the gap function coincides with the center-of-mass Cooper-pair wave function up to the coupling constant, and the corresponding gap and wave function characteristic lengths are the same. Surprisingly, we find that in two-band superconductors, these lengths are the same only near the critical temperature. At lower temperatures, they can significantly deviate from each other, and the fundamental question of which of these lengths should be preferred when specifying the spatial scale of a band-dependent condensate in multiband superconducting materials arises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, China
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7
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Wang DW, Zhao CS, Chao SL, Peng R, Yang J, Yang Z, Zhou L. Simulating topological phases with atom arrays in an optical waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:42347-42361. [PMID: 36366690 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we employ the atomic arrays in one-dimensional optical waveguides to simulate topological phases, where the waveguide is modeled as a one-dimensional infinitely long coupled cavity array. Under the Markov approximation, the coherent and dissipative coupling between atoms is established by eliminating waveguide modes. When the detuning between atoms and cavity fields lies in the band gap, the dynamics of the system is completely dominated by the coherent interaction. Under this condition, we designed three atomic arrays with different geometries and show that the topologically trivial and non-trivial phases of atomic arrays can be simulated. Furthermore, by introducing periodic atomic driving, the topological phase transition can be induced by adjusting the driving parameters. Finally, we investigate the effect of next-nearest neighbor interactions on topological state transfer and find that the next-nearest neighbor interactions break the degenerated bandgap state and establish a topological state transfer channel.
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8
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Aamir MA, Moreno CC, Sundelin S, Biznárová J, Scigliuzzo M, Patel KE, Osman A, Lozano DP, Strandberg I, Gasparinetti S. Engineering Symmetry-Selective Couplings of a Superconducting Artificial Molecule to Microwave Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123604. [PMID: 36179204 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the decay rate of structured quantum emitters into their environment opens new avenues for nonlinear quantum optics, collective phenomena, and quantum communications. Here, we demonstrate a novel coupling scheme between an artificial molecule comprising two identical, strongly coupled transmon qubits and two microwave waveguides. In our scheme, the coupling is engineered so that transitions between states of the same (opposite) symmetry, with respect to the permutation operator, are predominantly coupled to one (the other) waveguide. The symmetry-based coupling selectivity, as quantified by the ratio of the coupling strengths, exceeds a factor of 30 for both waveguides in our device. In addition, we implement a Raman process activated by simultaneously driving both waveguides, and show that it can be used to coherently couple states of different symmetry in the single-excitation manifold of the molecule. Using that process, we implement frequency conversion across the waveguides, mediated by the molecule, with efficiency of about 95%. Finally, we show that this coupling arrangement makes it possible to straightforwardly generate spatially separated Bell states propagating across the waveguides. We envisage further applications to quantum thermodynamics, microwave photodetection, and photon-photon gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Aamir
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Castillo Moreno
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Sundelin
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janka Biznárová
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marco Scigliuzzo
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kowshik Erappaji Patel
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amr Osman
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D P Lozano
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Strandberg
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simone Gasparinetti
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Ranadive A, Esposito M, Planat L, Bonet E, Naud C, Buisson O, Guichard W, Roch N. Kerr reversal in Josephson meta-material and traveling wave parametric amplification. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1737. [PMID: 35365645 PMCID: PMC8975858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Josephson meta-materials have recently emerged as very promising platform for superconducting quantum science and technologies. Their distinguishing potential resides in ability to engineer them at sub-wavelength scales, which allows complete control over wave dispersion and nonlinear interaction. In this article we report a versatile Josephson transmission line with strong third order nonlinearity which can be tuned from positive to negative values, and suppressed second order non linearity. As an initial implementation of this multipurpose meta-material, we operate it to demonstrate reversed Kerr phase-matching mechanism in traveling wave parametric amplification. Compared to previous state of the art phase matching approaches, this reversed Kerr phase matching avoids the presence of gaps in transmission, can reduce gain ripples, and allows in situ tunability of the amplification band over an unprecedented wide range. Besides such notable advancements in the amplification performance with direct applications to superconducting quantum computing and generation of broadband squeezing, the in-situ tunability with sign reversal of the nonlinearity in traveling wave structures, with no counterpart in optics to the best of our knowledge, opens exciting experimental possibilities in the general framework of microwave quantum optics, single-photon detection and quantum limited amplification. Demonstration of phase matching mechanism in Josephson traveling wave parametric amplifiers involving in-situ sign reversal of Kerr nonlinearity opens up experimental possibilities in the framework of microwave quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Ranadive
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Martina Esposito
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France.,CNR-SPIN, c/o Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luca Planat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Edgar Bonet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Naud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Buisson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Wiebke Guichard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Roch
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
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10
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Gevorgyan AH. Magnetically induced transparency in helically structured periodic crystals. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:014701. [PMID: 35193277 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.014701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the specific properties of magnetically induced transparency (MIT) and magnetically induced absorption (MIA) in helically structured periodic crystals (HSPCs). We showed that for the wavelength of MIT we have an ideal optical diode: The forward signal passes fully, while the backward signal is completely absorbed and not reflected. A formula for the wavelength λ_{t} of MIT and MIA resonance based on the numerical simulations was analytically obtained. The influence of HSPC parameters on the wavelength λ_{t} and on Δλ_{t}, the transparency line half width, was investigated by numerical simulations. The specific properties of light energy density, the ellipticity e_{in}, and azimuth φ_{in} of the total wave excited in the HSPC layer for MIT and MIA modes were investigated, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Gevorgyan
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
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11
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Meng Y, Chen Y, Lu L, Ding Y, Cusano A, Fan JA, Hu Q, Wang K, Xie Z, Liu Z, Yang Y, Liu Q, Gong M, Xiao Q, Sun S, Zhang M, Yuan X, Ni X. Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:235. [PMID: 34811345 PMCID: PMC8608813 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical structures available on a photonic chip. The integration of subwavelength-structured metasurfaces and metamaterials on the canonical building block of optical waveguides is gradually reshaping the landscape of photonic integrated circuits, giving rise to numerous meta-waveguides with unprecedented strength in controlling guided electromagnetic waves. Here, we review recent advances in meta-structured waveguides that synergize various functional subwavelength photonic architectures with diverse waveguide platforms, such as dielectric or plasmonic waveguides and optical fibers. Foundational results and representative applications are comprehensively summarized. Brief physical models with explicit design tutorials, either physical intuition-based design methods or computer algorithms-based inverse designs, are cataloged as well. We highlight how meta-optics can infuse new degrees of freedom to waveguide-based devices and systems, by enhancing light-matter interaction strength to drastically boost device performance, or offering a versatile designer media for manipulating light in nanoscale to enable novel functionalities. We further discuss current challenges and outline emerging opportunities of this vibrant field for various applications in photonic integrated circuits, biomedical sensing, artificial intelligence and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing and School of Information, Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Longhui Lu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yimin Ding
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrea Cusano
- Optoelectronic Division, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qiaomu Hu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenwei Xie
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhoutian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Shulin Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing and School of Information, Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minming Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xingjie Ni
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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12
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Ahn KJ. Indirect momentum excitation of graphene using high transversal modes of light in hyperbolic media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:40406-40418. [PMID: 34809382 DOI: 10.1364/oe.445267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrons in indirect semiconductors can optically transit between the valance and conduction band edges only when the momentum conservation is satisfied with help of a third quasi-particle, such as a phonon. In this report, we theoretically demonstrate that indirect interband transition of graphene electrons can be optically enabled only by light with highly enhanced transversal modes, which can be generated by scattering of point dipole radiation with periodic metal slits fabricated in a natural hyperbolic material. The light-matter interaction for graphene electrons is reformulated by using indirect transition matrix elements, and interband polarizations of graphene are obtained by solving quantum kinetic equations of motion in the semi-classical regime. The interband optical current density of graphene as a function of the polarization angle of the incident field shows clear hexagonal response to the high transversal modes of light, which results from the low dependence on dephasing rate and dominance of the indirect polarizations over the direct interband contributions.
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13
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Chakram S, Oriani AE, Naik RK, Dixit AV, He K, Agrawal A, Kwon H, Schuster DI. Seamless High-Q Microwave Cavities for Multimode Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:107701. [PMID: 34533363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multimode cavity quantum electrodynamics-where a two-level system interacts simultaneously with many cavity modes-provides a versatile framework for quantum information processing and quantum optics. Because of the combination of long coherence times and large interaction strengths, one of the leading experimental platforms for cavity QED involves coupling a superconducting circuit to a 3D microwave cavity. In this work, we realize a 3D multimode circuit QED system with single photon lifetimes of 2 ms across 9 modes of a novel seamless cavity. We demonstrate a variety of protocols for universal single-mode quantum control applicable across all cavity modes, using only a single drive line. We achieve this by developing a straightforward flute method for creating monolithic superconducting microwave cavities that reduces loss while simultaneously allowing control of the mode spectrum and mode-qubit interaction. We highlight the flexibility and ease of implementation of this technique by using it to fabricate a variety of 3D cavity geometries, providing a template for engineering multimode quantum systems with exceptionally low dissipation. This work is an important step towards realizing hardware efficient random access quantum memories and processors, and for exploring quantum many-body physics with photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsan Chakram
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Andrew E Oriani
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ravi K Naik
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Akash V Dixit
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Kevin He
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ankur Agrawal
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Hyeokshin Kwon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - David I Schuster
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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14
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Dong XL, Li PB, Liu T, Nori F. Unconventional Quantum Sound-Matter Interactions in Spin-Optomechanical-Crystal Hybrid Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:203601. [PMID: 34110200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.203601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We predict a set of unusual quantum acoustic phenomena resulting from sound-matter interactions in a fully tunable solid-state platform in which an array of solid-state spins in diamond are coupled to quantized acoustic waves in a one-dimensional optomechanical crystal. We find that, by using a spatially varying laser drive that introduces a position-dependent phase in the optomechanical interaction, the mechanical band structure can be tuned in situ, consequently leading to unconventional quantum sound-matter interactions. We show that quasichiral sound-matter interactions can occur, with tunable ranges from bidirectional to quasiunidirectional, when the spins are resonant with the bands. When the solid-state spin frequency lies within the acoustic band gap, we demonstrate the emergence of an exotic polariton bound state that can mediate long-range tunable, odd-neighbor, and complex spin-spin interactions. This work expands the present exploration of quantum phononics and can have wide applications in quantum simulations and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Peng-Bo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tao Liu
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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15
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De Bernardis D, Cian ZP, Carusotto I, Hafezi M, Rabl P. Light-Matter Interactions in Synthetic Magnetic Fields: Landau-Photon Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:103603. [PMID: 33784168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.103603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study light-matter interactions in two-dimensional photonic systems in the presence of a spatially homogeneous synthetic magnetic field for light. Specifically, we consider one or more two-level emitters located in the bulk region of the lattice, where for increasing magnetic field the photonic modes change from extended plane waves to circulating Landau levels. This change has a drastic effect on the resulting emitter-field dynamics, which becomes intrinsically non-Markovian and chiral, leading to the formation of strongly coupled Landau-photon polaritons. The peculiar dynamical and spectral properties of these quasiparticles can be probed with state-of-the-art photonic lattices in the optical and the microwave domain and may find various applications for the quantum simulation of strongly interacting topological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Bernardis
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ze-Pei Cian
- Joint Quantum Institute, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
| | - Iacopo Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
- The Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742 Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Ahn KJ. Size-dependent optical properties of shallow quantum dot excitons close to a dielectric-hyperbolic material interface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:5098-5109. [PMID: 33726051 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The resonance frequency shift and the radiative decay rate of single quantum dot excitions in close proximity to a dielectric-hyperbolic material interface are theoretically investigated. The previous nonlocal susceptibility model for a quantum-confined exciton in inhomogeneous surroundings has been substantially upgraded in a way to incorporate exciton's envelope functions with a non-zero orbital angular momentum and a dyadic Green function tensor for uniaxially anisotropic multilayer structures. Different eigenstates of spatially localized excitons are considered with a distance to the interface of half-infinite Tetradymites(Bi2Se3), a natural hyperbolic material in a visible-to-near infrared wavelength range. From numerically obtained self-energy corrections (SEC) of the exciton as a function of its spatial confinement, eigenfunction, and distance, where the real and imaginary parts correspond to the resonance frequency shift and the radiative decay rate of the exciton, respectively, both optical properties show a significant dependence on the spatial confinement of the exciton than expected. The SEC of very weakly confined (quasi free) two-dimensional excitons is almost immune to specific choice of the eigenfunction and to anisotropic properties of the hyperbolic material even at a close distance, while such conditions are decisive for the SEC of strongly confined excitons.
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17
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Wang X, Liu T, Kockum AF, Li HR, Nori F. Tunable Chiral Bound States with Giant Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:043602. [PMID: 33576670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.043602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose tunable chiral bound states in a system composed of superconducting giant atoms and a Josephson photonic-crystal waveguide (PCW), with no analog in other quantum setups. The chiral bound states arise due to interference in the nonlocal coupling of a giant atom to multiple points of the waveguide. The chirality can be tuned by changing either the atom-waveguide coupling or the external bias of the PCW. Furthermore, the chiral bound states can induce directional dipole-dipole interactions between multiple giant atoms coupling to the same waveguide. Our proposal is ready to be implemented in experiments with superconducting circuits, where it can be used as a tunable toolbox to realize topological phase transitions and quantum simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Anton Frisk Kockum
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hong-Rong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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18
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Guo H, Li X, Zhu Q, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Wen H, Li Y, Tang J, Liu J. Imaging nano-defects of metal waveguides using the microwave cavity interference enhancement method. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:455203. [PMID: 32813680 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abaa74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a microwave (MW) cavity interference enhancement method to image nano-defects on the surface of metal waveguide. The MW cavity interference system mainly consisted of a MW coaxial resonant cavity with a nano-probe. The MW signals have been evenly divided into two channels. One was the reference signal inputted into the MW waveguide and coupled into the MW cavity via the probe. Also, the coupling strength depends on the distance between the probe and the MW waveguide. Another one was directly inputted the MW cavity to interfere with the reference signal, and was enhanced in the cavity. Then, the surface topography of the metal waveguide was mapped by calculating the enhanced signals. In our experiment, a weak signal of ∼1 pW coupled from the waveguide can be detected by a MW cavity with the quality factor of ∼209. As a proof of application, the topography of nano-defects on the surface of metal waveguide in an MW chip has been mapped with a resolution of ∼15 nm. We have proved that this is a high-resolution, easy-to-manufacture, low-cost, and real-time online monitoring approach for online assessment and screening chips. This potentially has broad applications in the fields of chip manufacturing, chip inspection, nano-structure detection, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement. School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China
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19
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García-Elcano I, González-Tudela A, Bravo-Abad J. Tunable and Robust Long-Range Coherent Interactions between Quantum Emitters Mediated by Weyl Bound States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:163602. [PMID: 33124853 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-range coherent interactions between quantum emitters are instrumental for quantum information and simulation technologies, but they are generally difficult to isolate from dissipation. Here, we show how such interactions can be obtained in photonic Weyl environments due to the emergence of an exotic bound state whose wave function displays power-law spatial confinement. Using an exact formalism, we show how this bound state can mediate coherent transfer of excitations between emitters, with virtually no dissipation and with a transfer rate that follows the same scaling with distance as the bound state wave function. In addition, we show that the topological nature of Weyl points translates into two important features of the Weyl bound state, and, consequently, of the interactions it mediates: first, its range can be tuned without losing the power-law confinement, and, second, they are robust under energy disorder of the bath. To our knowledge, this is the first proposal of a photonic setup that combines simultaneously coherence, tunability, long range, and robustness to disorder. These findings could ultimately pave the way for the design of more robust long-distance entanglement protocols or quantum simulation implementations for studying long-range interacting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki García-Elcano
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Bravo-Abad
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Analog of multiple electromagnetically induced transparency using double-layered metasurfaces. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8469. [PMID: 32439938 PMCID: PMC7242346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported an analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (A-EIT) featured by double transparent peaks in the spectrum. The A-EIT is realized by double-layered metasurface which consists of spoof localized surface plasmons (S-LSP) and cut-wire (CW)-square rings (SR) hybrid. Electric and magnetic S-LSP are excited as bright and dark modes respectively then couple with resonant modes of CW and SR simultaneously to achieve multiple A-EIT. Two bright modes of the electric S-LSP and SR are excited by external electric field directly that produce a bright-bright mode A-EIT. Moreover, the magnetic S-LSP, which cannot be excited by external field directly, is excited through near field coupling from CW, inducing another bright-dark mode A-EIT. Theoretical analysis with corresponding experiment in microwave band are introduced for better insights into physical essence of the double-peaks A-EIT.
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21
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Wen PY, Lin KT, Kockum AF, Suri B, Ian H, Chen JC, Mao SY, Chiu CC, Delsing P, Nori F, Lin GD, Hoi IC. Large Collective Lamb Shift of Two Distant Superconducting Artificial Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233602. [PMID: 31868475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Virtual photons can mediate interaction between atoms, resulting in an energy shift known as a collective Lamb shift. Observing the collective Lamb shift is challenging, since it can be obscured by radiative decay and direct atom-atom interactions. Here, we place two superconducting qubits in a transmission line terminated by a mirror, which suppresses decay. We measure a collective Lamb shift reaching 0.8% of the qubit transition frequency and twice the transition linewidth. We also show that the qubits can interact via the transmission line even if one of them does not decay into it.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Wen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - K-T Lin
- CQSE, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - A F Kockum
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - B Suri
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - H Ian
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
- UMacau Zhuhai Research Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519031, China
| | - J C Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - S Y Mao
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - C C Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - P Delsing
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - G-D Lin
- CQSE, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-C Hoi
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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22
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Bello M, Platero G, Cirac JI, González-Tudela A. Unconventional quantum optics in topological waveguide QED. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw0297. [PMID: 31360765 PMCID: PMC6660202 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of topological materials has motivated recent developments to export topological concepts into photonics to make light behave in exotic ways. Here, we predict several unconventional quantum optical phenomena that occur when quantum emitters interact with a topological waveguide quantum electrodynamics bath, namely, the photonic analog of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. When the emitters' frequency lies within the topological bandgap, a chiral bound state emerges, which is located on just one side (right or left) of the emitter. In the presence of several emitters, this bound state mediates topological, tunable interactions between them, which can give rise to exotic many-body phases such as double Néel ordered states. Furthermore, when the emitters' optical transition is resonant with the bands, we find unconventional scattering properties and different super/subradiant states depending on the band topology. Last, we propose several implementations where these phenomena can be observed with state-of-the-art technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bello
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - G. Platero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. I. Cirac
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A. González-Tudela
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid 28006, Spain
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23
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González-Tudela A, Muñoz CS, Cirac JI. Engineering and Harnessing Giant Atoms in High-Dimensional Baths: A Proposal for Implementation with Cold Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:203603. [PMID: 31172782 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.203603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emitters coupled simultaneously to distant positions of a photonic bath, the so-called giant atoms, represent a new paradigm in quantum optics. When coupled to one-dimensional baths, as recently implemented with transmission lines or SAW waveguides, they lead to striking effects such as chiral emission or decoherence-free atomic interactions. Here, we show how to create giant atoms in dynamical state-dependent optical lattices, which offers the possibility of coupling them to structured baths in arbitrary dimensions. This opens up new avenues to a variety of phenomena and opportunities for quantum simulation. In particular, we show how to engineer unconventional radiation patterns, like multidirectional chiral emission, as well as collective interactions that can be used to simulate nonequilibrium many-body dynamics with no analog in other setups. Additionally, the recipes we provide to harness giant atoms in high dimensions can be exported to other platforms where such nonlocal couplings can be engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González-Tudela
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - C Sánchez Muñoz
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13PU, United Kingdom
| | - J I Cirac
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1. 85748 Garching, Germany
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24
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Cavity quantum electrodynamics with atom-like mirrors. Nature 2019; 569:692-697. [PMID: 31092923 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that atomic emission of radiation is not an immutable property of an atom, but is instead dependent on the electromagnetic environment1 and, in the case of ensembles, also on the collective interactions between the atoms2-6. In an open radiative environment, the hallmark of collective interactions is enhanced spontaneous emission-super-radiance2-with non-dissipative dynamics largely obscured by rapid atomic decay7. Here we observe the dynamical exchange of excitations between a single artificial atom and an entangled collective state of an atomic array9 through the precise positioning of artificial atoms realized as superconducting qubits8 along a one-dimensional waveguide. This collective state is dark, trapping radiation and creating a cavity-like system with artificial atoms acting as resonant mirrors in the otherwise open waveguide. The emergent atom-cavity system is shown to have a large interaction-to-dissipation ratio (cooperativity exceeding 100), reaching the regime of strong coupling, in which coherent interactions dominate dissipative and decoherence effects. Achieving strong coupling with interacting qubits in an open waveguide provides a means of synthesizing multi-photon dark states with high efficiency and paves the way for exploiting correlated dissipation and decoherence-free subspaces of quantum emitter arrays at the many-body level10-13.
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