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Lin HY, Sun M, Hao YJ, Li D, Gitzendanner MA, Fu CX, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Zhao YP. Phylogenetic diversity of eastern Asia-eastern North America disjunct plants is mainly associated with divergence time. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:27-35. [PMID: 36876316 PMCID: PMC9975473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The underlying causes of biodiversity disparities among geographic regions have long been a fundamental theme in ecology and evolution. However, the patterns of phylogenetic diversity (PD) and phylogenetic beta diversity (PBD) of congeners that are disjunctly distributed between eastern Asia-eastern North America (EA-ENA disjuncts) and their associated factors remain unknown. Here we investigated the standardized effect size of PD (SES-PD), PBD, and potentially associated factors in 11 natural mixed forest sites (five in EA and six in ENA) where abundant EA-ENA disjuncts occur. We found that the disjuncts in ENA possessed higher SES-PD than those in EA at the continental scale (1.96 vs -1.12), even though the number of disjunct species in ENA is much lower than in EA (128 vs 263). SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts tended to decrease with increasing latitude in 11 sites. The latitudinal diversity gradient of SES-PD was stronger in EA sites than in ENA sites. Based on the unweighted unique fraction metric (UniFrac) distance and the phylogenetic community dissimilarity, PBD showed that the two northern sites in EA were more similar to the six-site ENA group than to the remaining southern EA sites. Based on the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distances (SES-MPD), nine of eleven studied sites showed a neutral community structure (-1.96 ≤ SES-MPD ≤ 1.96). Both Pearson's r and structural equation modeling suggested that SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was mostly associated with mean divergence time. Moreover, SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was positively correlated with temperature-related climatic factors, although negatively correlated with mean diversification rate and community structure. By applying approaches from phylogenetics and community ecology, our work sheds light on historical patterns of the EA-ENA disjunction and paves the way for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yang Lin
- Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ya-Jun Hao
- Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daijiang Li
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew A. Gitzendanner
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Fu
- Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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2
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Silva KRDA, Gomes LG, Ferreira VL, Strüssmann C, Moreira LFB. Seasonal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of lizard communities in southern Brazilian Pantanal. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201793. [PMID: 36477224 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal changes play a key ecological role, structuring biotic processes and communities. Yet we generally lack an understanding of how seasonal flood regimes affect communities in floodplains. Herein, we investigated the effects of seasonal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of lizard communities in southern Pantanal ecoregion. Lizards were sampled in seven sites encompassing seasonally flooded grasslands and dense arboreal savannas, across rainy and dry seasons (2005-2006). Functional diversity metrics were based on three morphological traits and included intraspecific variability. We collected a total of 810 lizards from 13 species. Species richness did not differ across seasons or months. Lizard abundance varied among sampling months, but did not differ between rainy and dry season. Low values of abundance were recorded at drawdown period. Community composition did not vary between seasons. Functional diversity metrics exhibited random distributions, and both functional richness and evenness were not influenced by seasons. Although communities seem to be resilient to seasonal variations, our findings highlighted that transition from rainy to dry season may represent an important constraint on lizard abundance. Including traits related to food acquisition and predator avoidance could provide new insights into the effects of seasonal floods on floodplains' lizard communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline R DA Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso/UFMT, Instituto de Biociências, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Liara G Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso/UFMT, Instituto de Biociências, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Vanda L Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMS, Instituto de Biociências, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Christine Strüssmann
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso/UFMT, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F B Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa do Pantanal/INPP, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MS, Brazil
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3
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Cabral H, Cacciali P, Santana DJ. Evolution of the rostral scale and mimicry in the genus Xenodon Boie, 1826 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Snakes are a stimulating life form from an evolutionary perspective. Despite the basic morphological body shape (limbless, with a tubular body), these vertebrates are extremely diverse. The Neotropical region is one of the most diverse regions for snakes in the world, with >650 known species. Within this great diversity, the genus Xenodon includes 12 species with interesting adaptations to terrestrial and semi-fossorial habitats. Members of this genus are mostly diurnal and terrestrial, feed mainly on anurans and exhibit Batesian mimicry of venomous snakes of the genera Bothrops or Micrurus. Here, through phylogenetic analysis and ancestral state estimation, we explore the evolution of the rostral scale and mimicry within the genus Xenodon. Our results suggest that the ancestral lineage of Xenodon had a rounded rostral scale and exhibited Bothrops mimicry. The evolution of the rostral scale in Xenodon might be related to abiotic factors, as an adaptation for open and forested habitats, and mimicry is likely to be related to biotic factors, as a defensive strategy resembling those of venomous snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cabral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista , São José do Rio Preto, SP , Brazil
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay , Del Escudo 1607, Asunción , Paraguay
- Asociación Guyra Paraguay , Avenida Coronel Carlos Bóveda, Parque Asunción Verde, Viñas Cué , Paraguay
| | - Pier Cacciali
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay , Del Escudo 1607, Asunción , Paraguay
- Asociación Guyra Paraguay , Avenida Coronel Carlos Bóveda, Parque Asunción Verde, Viñas Cué , Paraguay
| | - Diego José Santana
- Mapinguari Lab, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul , 79002-970, Campo Grande, MS , Brazil
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4
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González C, Macip-Ríos R, Suazo-Ortuño I. Phylogenetic structure and diversity among herpetofaunal communities along a successional gradient of a tropical dry forest in Mexico. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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5
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Diversity patterns of lizard assemblages from a protected habitat mosaic in the Brazilian Cerrado savanna. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Differences in habitat complexity and structure can directly influence the composition, diversity, and structure of species assemblages. Measurements of functional and phylogenetic diversity complement the commonly used measurements of taxonomic diversity, elucidating the relationships between species, their traits, and their evolutionary history. In this study, we evaluated how the mosaic of open and forested formations in a federal conservation unit in the western portion of the Brazilian Cerrado savanna influences the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic structure of lizard assemblages. Lizards were sampled for 15 months using pitfall traps set in open and forested formations. We recorded 292 lizards distributed among 16 species from eight families, with species composition differing among the formations. Richness was greater in the assemblages from open formations, while functional diversity and phylogenetic variability were greater in those of forested formations. Lizard assemblages in open formations were functionally and phylogenetically clustered, probably as a result of environmental filters acting on species, while the assemblages from forested formations were randomly structured. Different environmental and historical mechanisms have apparently shaped the current diversity of lizards in the region. This study shows that Cerrado vegetation mosaics can promote wide variation in different aspects of the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic structure from the lizard assemblages.
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6
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Barros RA, Dorado‐Rodrigues TF, Strüssmann C. Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of lizard assemblages across habitats and seasons in a Brazilian Cerrado area. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Assis Barros
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367 Cuiabá 78060‐900 Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Centro de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367 Cuiabá 78060900 Brazil
| | - Tainá Figueras Dorado‐Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Centro de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367 Cuiabá 78060900 Brazil
| | - Christine Strüssmann
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367 Cuiabá 78060900 Brazil
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7
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Lin H, Dai C, Yu H, Tu J, Yu J, He J, Jiang H. Historical connectivity and environmental filtering jointly determine the freshwater fish assemblages on Taiwan and Hainan Islands of China. Curr Zool 2022; 69:12-20. [PMID: 36974143 PMCID: PMC10039183 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The biotas of Taiwan and Hainan Islands are of continental origin, but the manner with which historical and ecological factors shaped these insular species is still unclear. Here, we used freshwater fish as a model to fill this gap by quantifying the phylogenetic structure of the insular faunas and disentangling the relative contribution of potential drivers. Firstly, we used clustering and ordination analyses to identify regional species pools. To test whether the insular freshwater fish faunas were phylogenetically clustered or overdispersed, we calculated the net relatedness index (NRI) and the nearest taxon index (NTI). Finally, we implemented logistic regressions to disentangle the relative importance of species attributes (i.e. maximum body length, climatic niche dissimilarity, and diversification) and historical connectivity in explaining the insular faunas. Our results showed that the most possible species pools of Taiwan are Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, and those of Hainan are Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. These insular faunas showed random phylogenetic structures in terms of NRI values. According to the NTI values, however, the Taiwanese fauna displayed more phylogenetic clustering, while the Hainanese one was more overdispersed. Both the standard and phylogenetic logistic regressions identified historical connectivity and climatic niche dissimilarity as the two top explanatory variables for species assemblages on these islands. Our reconstruction of the paleo-connected drainage basins provides insight into how historical processes and ecological factors interact to shape the freshwater fish fauna of the East Asian islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxian Lin
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chao Dai
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongyin Yu
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiahao Tu
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiehua Yu
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiekun He
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haisheng Jiang
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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8
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Li Y, Xu H, Chen J, Xiao Y, Ni Y, Zhang R, Ye W, Lian J. Effects of soil resource availability on patterns of plant functional traits across spatial scales. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8587. [PMID: 35222961 PMCID: PMC8844114 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying patterns and drivers of plant community assembly has long been a central issue in ecology. Many studies have explored the above questions using a trait-based approach; however, there are still unknowns around how patterns of plant functional traits vary with environmental gradients. In this study, the responses of individual and multivariate trait dispersions of 134 species to soil resource availability were examined based on correlational analysis and torus-translation tests across four spatial scales in a subtropical forest, China. Results indicated that different degrees of soil resource availability had different effects on trait dispersions. Specifically, limited resource (available phosphorus) showed negative relationships with trait dispersions, non-limited resource (available potassium) showed positive relationships with trait dispersions, and saturated resource (available nitrogen) had no effect on trait dispersions. Moreover, compared with the stem (wood density) and architectural trait (maximum height), we found that leaf functional traits can well reflect the response of plants to nutrient gradients. Lastly, the spatial scale only affected the magnitude but not the direction of the correlations between trait dispersions and environmental gradients. Overall, the results highlight the importance of soil resource availability and spatial scale in understanding how plant functional traits respond to environmental gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical GardenCenter for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Forest Ecology Research CenterResearch Institute of Tropical ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryGuangzhouChina
| | - Han Xu
- Forest Ecology Research CenterResearch Institute of Tropical ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Chen
- Forest Ecology Research CenterResearch Institute of Tropical ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryGuangzhouChina
| | - Yihua Xiao
- Forest Ecology Research CenterResearch Institute of Tropical ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunlong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical GardenCenter for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Ruyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical GardenCenter for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Wanhui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical GardenCenter for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)GuangzhouChina
| | - Juyu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical GardenCenter for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)GuangzhouChina
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9
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Ebel R, Müller J, Ramm T, Hipsley C, Amson E. First evidence of convergent lifestyle signal in reptile skull roof microanatomy. BMC Biol 2020; 18:185. [PMID: 33250048 PMCID: PMC7702674 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of convergently acquired adaptations allows fundamental insight into life's evolutionary history. Within lepidosaur reptiles-i.e. lizards, tuatara, and snakes-a fully fossorial ('burrowing') lifestyle has independently evolved in most major clades. However, despite their consistent use of the skull as a digging tool, cranial modifications common to all these lineages are yet to be found. In particular, bone microanatomy, although highly diagnostic for lifestyle, remains unexplored in the lepidosaur cranium. This constitutes a key gap in our understanding of their complexly interwoven ecology, morphology, and evolution. In order to bridge this gap, we reconstructed the acquisition of a fossorial lifestyle in 2813 lepidosaurs and assessed the skull roof compactness from microCT cross-sections in a representative subset (n = 99). We tested this and five macroscopic morphological traits for their convergent evolution. RESULTS We found that fossoriality evolved independently in 54 lepidosaur lineages. Furthermore, a highly compact skull roof, small skull diameter, elongate cranium, and low length ratio of frontal and parietal were repeatedly acquired in concert with a fossorial lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS We report a novel case of convergence that concerns lepidosaur diversity as a whole. Our findings further indicate an early evolution of fossorial modifications in the amphisbaenian 'worm-lizards' and support a fossorial origin for snakes. Nonetheless, our results suggest distinct evolutionary pathways between fossorial lizards and snakes through different contingencies. We thus provide novel insights into the evolutionary mechanisms and constraints underlying amniote diversity and a powerful tool for the reconstruction of extinct reptile ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Ebel
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johannes Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Ramm
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Christy Hipsley
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Eli Amson
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Barnagaud J, Geniez P, Cheylan M, Crochet P. Climate overrides the effects of land use on the functional composition and diversity of Mediterranean reptile assemblages. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Yves Barnagaud
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Philippe Geniez
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Marc Cheylan
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE‐PSL, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Pierre‐André Crochet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
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11
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Ramm T, Roycroft EJ, Müller J. Convergent evolution of tail spines in squamate reptiles driven by microhabitat use. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20190848. [PMCID: PMC7058953 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The repeated evolution of convergent or analogous traits is often used as evidence for adaptive evolution. Squamate reptiles show a high degree of convergence in a variety of morphological traits; however, the evolutionary mechanisms driving these patterns are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the evolution of tail spines, a trait that evolved multiple times in evolutionarily independent clades of lizards. Taking a comparative phylogenetic approach, we use 2877 squamate species to demonstrate that the evolution of spiny tails is correlated with microhabitat use, with species that live in rocky habitats significantly more likely to have evolved spiny tails. In the light of previous behavioural observations, our results suggest that spiny-tailed lizards have an advantage in rocky habitats through predation avoidance, where tail spines are used to prevent extraction from rocky crevices. In concordance with previous research on lizard body armour, our results suggest that the evolution of tail spines is coupled to both a rock-dwelling lifestyle and predator avoidance strategies, and highlight a complex interplay between different selective pressures on the evolution of defensive morphologies in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Ramm
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Emily J. Roycroft
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Johannes Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin 10115, Germany
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12
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Bower LM, Winemiller KO. Intercontinental trends in functional and phylogenetic structure of stream fish assemblages. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13862-13876. [PMID: 31938487 PMCID: PMC6953669 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of community assembly has been improved by phylogenetic and trait-based approaches, yet there is little consensus regarding the relative importance of alternative mechanisms and few studies have been done at large geographic and phylogenetic scales. Here, we use phylogenetic and trait dispersion approaches to determine the relative contribution of limiting similarity and environmental filtering to community assembly of stream fishes at an intercontinental scale. We sampled stream fishes from five zoogeographic regions. Analysis of traits associated with habitat use, feeding, or both resulted in more occurrences of trait underdispersion than overdispersion regardless of spatial scale or species pool. Our results suggest that environmental filtering and, to a lesser extent, species interactions were important mechanisms of community assembly for fishes inhabiting small, low-gradient streams in all five regions. However, a large proportion of the trait dispersion values were no different from random. This suggests that stochastic factors or opposing assembly mechanisms also influenced stream fish assemblages and their trait dispersion patterns. Local assemblages tended to have lower functional diversity in microhabitats with high water velocity, shallow water depth, and homogeneous substrates lacking structural complexity, lending support for the stress-dominance hypothesis. A high prevalence of functional underdispersion coupled with phylogenetic underdispersion could reflect phylogenetic niche conservatism and/or stabilizing selection. These findings imply that environmental filtering of stream fish assemblages is not only deterministic, but also influences assemblage structure in a fairly consistent manner worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M. Bower
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Kirk O. Winemiller
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
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13
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Understanding Community Assembly Based on Functional Traits, Ontogenetic Stages, Habitat Types and Spatial Scales in a Subtropical Forest. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10121055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Community assembly in natural communities is commonly explained by stochastic and niche-based processes such as environmental filtering and biotic interactions. Many studies have inferred the importance of these processes using a trait-based approach, however, there are still unknowns around what factors affect the importance of different assembly processes in natural communities. In this study, the trait dispersion patterns of 134 species were examined across different functional traits, habitat types, ontogenetic stages and spatial scales from a 20-ha Dinghushan Forest Dynamic Plot in China. The results showed that (1) functional traits related to productivity such as specific leaf area and leaf area mainly showed functional clustering, indicating these two functional traits were more affected by environmental filtering. However, trait dispersion patterns depended on more than the ecological significances of functional traits. For example, trait dispersions of leaf dry matter content, leaf thickness and maximum height did not show consistent patterns across habitat types and ontogenetic stages, suggesting more complex mechanisms may operate on these traits; (2) the trait dispersion varied with the habitat types and ontogenetic stages. Specifically, we found that habitat types only affected the strength of trait dispersions for all the five traits, but ontogenetic stages influenced both the strength and direction of trait dispersions, which depended on the traits selected; (3) the relative importance of soil, topography and space to trait dispersion varied with ontogenetic stages. Topography and space were more important for trait dispersion of saplings but soil was more important for trait dispersion of adults; (4) biotic interactions dominated community assembly at smaller spatial scales but environmental filtering dominated community assembly at larger spatial scales. Overall, the results highlight the importance of functional traits, habitat types, ontogenetic stages and spatial scales to community assembly in natural communities.
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14
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Tsianou MA, Kallimanis AS. Geographical patterns and environmental drivers of functional diversity and trait space of amphibians of Europe. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Tsianou
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
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García-Navas V. Phylogenetic and functional diversity of African muroid rodents at different spatial scales. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-019-00411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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