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Liu X, Cheng J, Zhao Y. Tumor Microenvironment Based on Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels for On-Chip Drug Screening. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:429. [PMID: 39329804 PMCID: PMC11430276 DOI: 10.3390/bios14090429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) culturing and nanotechnology offer promising pathways to overcome the limitations of drug screening, particularly for tumors like neuroblastoma. In this study, we develop a high-throughput microfluidic chip that integrates a concentration gradient generator (CGG) with a 3D co-culture system, constructing the vascularized microenvironment in tumors by co-culturing neuroblastoma (SY5Y cell line) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) within a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels. The automated platform enhances the simulation of the tumor microenvironment and allows for the precise control of the concentrations of nanomedicines, which is crucial for evaluating therapeutic efficacy. The findings demonstrate that the high-throughput platform can significantly accelerate drug discovery. It efficiently screens and analyzes drug interactions in a biologically relevant setting, potentially revolutionizing the drug screening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinxiong Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yingcan Zhao
- Environment Science Programme, Department of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
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2
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Anggraini D, Zhang T, Liu X, Okano K, Tanaka Y, Inagaki N, Li M, Hosokawa Y, Yamada S, Yalikun Y. Guided axon outgrowth of neurons by molecular gradients generated from femtosecond laser-fabricated micro-holes. Talanta 2024; 267:125200. [PMID: 37738745 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transplantation of scaffold-embedded guided neurons has been reported to increase neuronal regeneration following brain injury. However, precise axonal integration between host and transplant neurons to form functional synapses remains a major problem. Thus, a high-precision tool to actuate neuronal axon outgrowth in real-time conditions is required to attain robust axon regeneration. This study aims to establish a microfluidic platform for precise and real-time axon outgrowth guidance. METHODS A microfluidic device with a 4 μm thick thin-glass sheet as the neuron culture substrate is fabricated. Surface of the glass sheet is chemically modified to facilitate neuron attachment. Femtosecond (fs) laser is used to engrave the glass sheet to achieve micro-holes, where netrin-1 is released for directing the movement of the neuronal axon. RESULTS Numerical simulation and experimental data demonstrate that netrin-1 gradient is formed after it passes through the micro-hole. The neuronal response results show the outgrowth rate of the axon is significantly increased by netrin-1 gradient. Furthermore, a majority of neuronal axons exhibit guided outgrowth characterized by positive turning angles of axon displacement in the direction of netrin-1 gradients. CONCLUSION Integrating fs laser and microfluidic device facilitates controlled and instantaneous axon outgrowth in a non-invasive manner. SIGNIFICANCE The developed real-time microfluidic platform shows potential in the application for on-site neuronal transplantation, which is significant for the treatment of a range of neurological disorders and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Anggraini
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okano
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Inagaki
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2122, Australia
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sohei Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan; Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Hidalgo-Alvarez V, Madl CM. Leveraging Biomaterial Platforms to Study Aging-Related Neural and Muscular Degeneration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:69. [PMID: 38254669 PMCID: PMC10813704 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex multifactorial process that results in tissue function impairment across the whole organism. One of the common consequences of this process is the loss of muscle mass and the associated decline in muscle function, known as sarcopenia. Aging also presents with an increased risk of developing other pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration. Muscular and neuronal degeneration cause mobility issues and cognitive impairment, hence having a major impact on the quality of life of the older population. The development of novel therapies that can ameliorate the effects of aging is currently hindered by our limited knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and the use of models that fail to recapitulate the structure and composition of the cell microenvironment. The emergence of bioengineering techniques based on the use of biomimetic materials and biofabrication methods has opened the possibility of generating 3D models of muscular and nervous tissues that better mimic the native extracellular matrix. These platforms are particularly advantageous for drug testing and mechanistic studies. In this review, we discuss the developments made in the creation of 3D models of aging-related neuronal and muscular degeneration and we provide a perspective on the future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher M. Madl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Goel R, Gulwani D, Upadhyay P, Sarangthem V, Singh TD. Unsung versatility of elastin-like polypeptide inspired spheroid fabrication: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123664. [PMID: 36791934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Lately, 3D cell culture technique has gained a lot of appreciation as a research model. Augmented with technological advancements, the area of 3D cell culture is growing rapidly with a diverse array of scaffolds being tested. This is especially the case for spheroid cultures. The culture of cells as spheroids provides opportunities for unanticipated vision into biological phenomena with its application to drug discovery, metabolic profiling, stem cell research as well as tumor, and disease biology. Spheroid fabrication techniques are broadly categorised into matrix-dependent and matrix-independent techniques. While there is a profusion of spheroid fabrication substrates with substantial biological relevance, an economical, modular, and bio-compatible substrate for high throughput production of spheroids is lacking. In this review, we posit the prospects of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) as a broad-spectrum spheroid fabrication platform. Elastin-like polypeptides are nature inspired, size-tunable genetically engineered polymers with wide applicability in various arena of biological considerations, has been employed for spheroid culture with profound utility. The technology offers a cheap, high-throughput, reproducible alternative for spheroid culture with exquisite adaptability. Here, we will brief the applicability of 3D cultures as compared to 2D cultures with spheroids being the focal point of the review. Common approaches to spheroid fabrication are discussed with existential limitations. Finally, the versatility of elastin-like polypeptide inspired substrates for spheroid culture has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Goel
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Deepak Gulwani
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyay
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vijaya Sarangthem
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Thoudam Debraj Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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5
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Chang C, Yang H, Bi W, Huang C, Xu Z. Cryopreservable Through-Hole Arrays for the High-Throughput Three-Dimensional Smartphone-Based Cell Colorimetric Assay. ACS Sens 2023; 8:543-554. [PMID: 36705290 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In vitro assays are an important platform for cancer research as they allow high-throughput experimentation that is not possible using in vivo animals. Although various in vitro assays are developed to study cell viability or migration, many of these assays are often limited to two dimensions, involving complex procedures or relying specialized equipment, etc. Here, we designed a simple colorimetric assay that accommodates automatic liquid samples loading, high-throughput generation of chemical concentration gradient, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture establishment, and smartphone-based colorimetric readouts. This assay is based on through-hole arrays in the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layers. Liquid samples can be automatically loaded into through-hole arrays in PMMA layers by capillary force. Different drug concentrations can be generated by aligning and stacking to mix the contents of the corresponding through-holes with different volumes. 3D culture of cancer cells can be established by the rapid absorption of cell suspensions into the macroporous gels. After exposing the 3D cultured cells to different drug concentrations, the number of viable cells and migrated cells was reflected by the color change of Alamar blue, which enable on-site readout by a smartphone. This assay can study cell viability as well as cell migration, the two main characteristics of cancer cells, using one device. Interestingly, HeLa cells remained with high viability after cryopreservation at -80 °C, which allows for storage and distribution using dry ice. The simple protocol, along with the cryopreservability at -80 °C facilitates its ease of use to study cell viability together with cell migration in common laboratories or clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haoyi Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenchuan Bi
- School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Cuier Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Yang X, Gao C, Liu Y, Zhu L, Yang K. Simplified Cell Magnetic Isolation Assisted SC 2 Chip to Realize "Sample in and Chemotaxis Out": Validated by Healthy and T2DM Patients' Neutrophils. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1820. [PMID: 36363840 PMCID: PMC9692824 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil migration in tissues critically regulates the human immune response and can either play a protective role in host defense or cause health problems. Microfluidic chips are increasingly applied to study neutrophil migration, attributing to their advantages of low reagent consumption, stable chemical gradients, visualized cell chemotaxis monitoring, and quantification. Most chemotaxis chips suffered from low throughput and fussy cell separation operations. We here reported a novel and simple "sample in and chemotaxis out" method for rapid neutrophils isolation from a small amount of whole blood based on a simplified magnetic method, followed by a chemotaxis assay on a microfluidic chip (SC2 chip) consisting of six cell migration units and six-cell arrangement areas. The advantages of the "sample in and chemotaxis out" method included: less reagent consumption (10 μL of blood + 1 μL of magnetic beads + 1 μL of lysis buffer); less time (5 min of cell isolation + 15 min of chemotaxis testing); no ultracentrifugation; more convenient; higher efficiency; high throughput. We have successfully validated the approach by measuring neutrophil chemotaxis to frequently-used chemoattractant (i.e., fMLP). The effects of D-glucose and mannitol on neutrophil chemotaxis were also analyzed. In addition, we demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach for testing clinical samples from diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) patients. We found neutrophils' migration speed was higher in the "well-control" T2DM than in the "poor-control" group. Pearson coefficient analysis further showed that the migration speed of T2DM was negatively correlated with physiological indicators, such as HbA1c (-0.44), triglyceride (-0.36), C-reactive protein (-0.28), and total cholesterol (-0.28). We are very confident that the developed "sample in and chemotaxis out" method was hoped to be an attractive model for analyzing the chemotaxis of healthy and disease-associated neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chaoru Gao
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Kajtez J, Wesseler MF, Birtele M, Khorasgani FR, Rylander Ottosson D, Heiskanen A, Kamperman T, Leijten J, Martínez‐Serrano A, Larsen NB, Angelini TE, Parmar M, Lind JU, Emnéus J. Embedded 3D Printing in Self-Healing Annealable Composites for Precise Patterning of Functionally Mature Human Neural Constructs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201392. [PMID: 35712780 PMCID: PMC9443452 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Human in vitro models of neural tissue with tunable microenvironment and defined spatial arrangement are needed to facilitate studies of brain development and disease. Towards this end, embedded printing inside granular gels holds great promise as it allows precise patterning of extremely soft tissue constructs. However, granular printing support formulations are restricted to only a handful of materials. Therefore, there has been a need for novel materials that take advantage of versatile biomimicry of bulk hydrogels while providing high-fidelity support for embedded printing akin to granular gels. To address this need, Authors present a modular platform for bioengineering of neuronal networks via direct embedded 3D printing of human stem cells inside Self-Healing Annealable Particle-Extracellular matrix (SHAPE) composites. SHAPE composites consist of soft microgels immersed in viscous extracellular-matrix solution to enable precise and programmable patterning of human stem cells and consequent generation mature subtype-specific neurons that extend projections into the volume of the annealed support. The developed approach further allows multi-ink deposition, live spatial and temporal monitoring of oxygen levels, as well as creation of vascular-like channels. Due to its modularity and versatility, SHAPE biomanufacturing toolbox has potential to be used in applications beyond functional modeling of mechanically sensitive neural constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kajtez
- Department of Experimental Medical SciencesWallenberg Neuroscience CenterDivision of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundS‐221 84Sweden
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering)Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby2800Denmark
| | - Milan Finn Wesseler
- Department of Health Technology (DTU Health Tech)Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby2800Denmark
| | - Marcella Birtele
- Department of Experimental Medical SciencesWallenberg Neuroscience CenterDivision of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundS‐221 84Sweden
| | - Farinaz Riyahi Khorasgani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering)Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby2800Denmark
| | - Daniella Rylander Ottosson
- Department of Experimental Medical SciencesWallenberg Neuroscience CenterDivision of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundS‐221 84Sweden
| | - Arto Heiskanen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering)Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby2800Denmark
| | - Tom Kamperman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschede7522The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschede7522The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Martínez‐Serrano
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversidad Autónoma de Madridand Division of HomeostasisCenter of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM‐CSIC)Madrid28049Spain
| | - Niels B. Larsen
- Department of Health Technology (DTU Health Tech)Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby2800Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Angelini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainsvilleFL32611USA
| | - Malin Parmar
- Department of Experimental Medical SciencesWallenberg Neuroscience CenterDivision of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversityLundS‐221 84Sweden
| | - Johan U. Lind
- Department of Health Technology (DTU Health Tech)Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby2800Denmark
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering)Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby2800Denmark
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Zhang SY, Zhao J, Ni JJ, Li H, Quan ZZ, Qing H. Application and prospects of high-throughput screening for in vitro neurogenesis. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:393-419. [PMID: 35949394 PMCID: PMC9244953 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i6.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, high-throughput screening (HTS) has made great contributions to new drug discovery. HTS technology is equipped with higher throughput, minimized platforms, more automated and computerized operating systems, more efficient and sensitive detection devices, and rapid data processing systems. At the same time, in vitro neurogenesis is gradually becoming important in establishing models to investigate the mechanisms of neural disease or developmental processes. However, challenges remain in generating more mature and functional neurons with specific subtypes and in establishing robust and standardized three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models with neural cells cultured in 3D matrices or organoids representing specific brain regions. Here, we review the applications of HTS technologies on in vitro neurogenesis, especially aiming at identifying the essential genes, chemical small molecules and adaptive microenvironments that hold great prospects for generating functional neurons or more reproductive and homogeneous 3D organoids. We also discuss the developmental tendency of HTS technology, e.g., so-called next-generation screening, which utilizes 3D organoid-based screening combined with microfluidic devices to narrow the gap between in vitro models and in vivo situations both physiologically and pathologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Aerospace Medical Center, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Amirifar L, Shamloo A, Nasiri R, de Barros NR, Wang ZZ, Unluturk BD, Libanori A, Ievglevskyi O, Diltemiz SE, Sances S, Balasingham I, Seidlits SK, Ashammakhi N. Brain-on-a-chip: Recent advances in design and techniques for microfluidic models of the brain in health and disease. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Micro/nanofluidic devices for drug delivery. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:9-39. [PMID: 35094782 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nanofluidic drug delivery systems have attracted significant attention as they offer unique advantages in targeted and controlled drug delivery. Based on the desired application, these systems can be categorized into three different groups: in vitro, in situ and in vivo microfluidic drug delivery platforms. In vitro microfluidic drug delivery platforms are closely linked with the emerging concept of lab-on-a-chip for cell culture studies. These systems can be used to administer drugs or therapeutic agents, mostly at the cellular or tissue level, to find the therapeutic index and can potentially be used for personalized medicine. In situ and in vivo microfluidic drug delivery platforms are still at the developmental stage and can be used for drug delivery at tissue or organ levels. A famous example of these systems are microneedles that can be used for painless and controllable delivery of drugs or vaccines through human skin. This chapter presents the cutting edge advances in the design and fabrication of in vitro microfluidic drug delivery systems that can be used for both cellular and tissue drug delivery. It also briefly discusses the in situ drug delivery platforms using microneedles.
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Havins L, Capel A, Christie SD, Lewis MP, Roach P. Gradient biomimetic platforms for neurogenesis studies. J Neural Eng 2021; 19. [PMID: 34942614 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for the development of new cellular therapies for the treatment of many diseases, with the central nervous system (CNS) currently an area of specific focus. Due to the complexity and delicacy of its biology, there is currently a limited understanding of neurogenesis and consequently a lack of reliable test platforms, resulting in several CNS based diseases having no cure. The ability to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into specific neuronal sub-types may enable scalable manufacture for clinical therapies, with a focus also on the purity and quality of the cell population. This focus is targeted towards an urgent need for the diseases that currently have no cure, e.g. Parkinson's disease. Differentiation studies carried out using traditional 2D cell culture techniques are designed using biological signals and morphogens known to be important for neurogenesis in vivo. However, such studies are limited by their simplistic nature, including a general poor efficiency and reproducibility, high reagent costs and an inability to scale-up the process to a manufacture-wide design for clinical use. Biomimetic approaches to recapitulate a more in vivo-like environment are progressing rapidly within this field, with application of bio(chemical) gradients presented both as 2D surfaces and within a 3D volume. This review focusses on the development and application of these advanced extracellular environments particularly for the neural niche. We emphasise the progress that has been made specifically in the area of stem cell derived neuronal differentiation. Increasing developments in biomaterial approaches to manufacture stem cells will enable the improvement of differentiation protocols, enhancing the efficiency and repeatability of the process with a move towards up-scaling. Progress in this area brings these techniques closer to enabling the development of therapies for the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurissa Havins
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Dept Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Andrew Capel
- Loughborough University, 2National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Steven D Christie
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Dept Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Mark P Lewis
- Loughborough University School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Paul Roach
- Chemistry, Loughborough University, Dept Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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12
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Yasodharababu M, Nair AK. Predicting neurite extension for varying extracellular matrix stiffness and topography. J Biomech 2021; 131:110897. [PMID: 34954524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurite extension is a dynamic process and is dependent on the microenvironment. The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as stiffness and topography influence the microenvironment and affects neurite extension; however, the mechanistic basis for this dynamic response of neurite extension remains elusive. In this study, we develop a computational model that predicts neurite extension dynamics process as the stiffness and patterned topography of ECM changes. The model includes the contribution of receptors integrin and neural cellular adhesion molecule toward the growth of neurite tip. We use non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) to model the neuronal cell, neurite, and the ECM, which is then coupled to the force-deformation receptor properties obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Using an empirical relation, we develop a neurite extension algorithm that simulates the dynamic process of growth cone induced by growth cone extension, receptor density, and rupture. We investigate the dependence of neurite extension on ECM stiffness using three distinct materials, the effect of width and spacing of continuous (cylindrical) and discontinuous (pillar) patterned topography, as well as the topography steepness and stiffness gradient. We find that an increasing stiffness and width of patterned topography results in increased neurite extension, but the magnitude of the increase differs depending on the growth cone extension and receptor density between them. These findings will aid in vitro studies in determining an ECM with appropriate mechanical properties, such as stiffness and topography that will improve neurite extension, thus resulting in the formation of functional neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Yasodharababu
- Multiscale Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Arun K Nair
- Multiscale Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, 731 W. Dickson Street, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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13
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Bang S, Hwang KS, Jeong S, Cho IJ, Choi N, Kim J, Kim HN. Engineered neural circuits for modeling brain physiology and neuropathology. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:379-400. [PMID: 34157452 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neural circuits of the central nervous system are the regulatory pathways for feeling, motion control, learning, and memory, and their dysfunction is closely related to various neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the growing demand for the unraveling of the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, their fundamental investigation is hampered because of the inability to access the components of neural circuits and the complex microenvironment. As an alternative approach, in vitro human neural circuits show principles of in vivo human neuronal circuit function. They allow access to the cellular compartment and permit real-time monitoring of neural circuits. In this review, we summarize recent advances in reconstituted in vitro neural circuits using engineering techniques. To this end, we provide an overview of the fabrication techniques and methods for stimulation and measurement of in vitro neural circuits. Subsequently, representative examples of in vitro neural circuits are reviewed with a particular focus on the recapitulation of structures and functions observed in vivo, and we summarize their application in the study of various brain diseases. We believe that the in vitro neural circuits can help neuroscience and the neuropharmacology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the growing demand to unravel the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, the studies on the in vivo neural circuits are frequently limited due to the poor accessibility. Furthermore, single neuron-based analysis has an inherent limitation in that it does not reflect the full spectrum of the neural circuit physiology. As an alternative approach, in vitro engineered neural circuit models have arisen because they can recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of in vivo neural circuits. These in vitro neural circuits allow the mimicking of dysregulation of the neural circuits, including neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury. Emerging in vitro engineered neural circuits will provide a better understanding of the (patho-)physiology of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Seob Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Jeong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Liu X, Jia Y, Han Z, Hou Q, Zhang W, Zheng W, Jiang X. Integrating a Concentration Gradient Generator and a Single-Cell Trapper Array for High-Throughput Screening the Bioeffects of Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12319-12322. [PMID: 33770418 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We herein develop a concentration gradient generator (CGG) on a microfluidic chip for diluting different nanoparticles. Specifically designed compact disk (CD)-shaped microchannels in the CGG module could thoroughly mix the flowing solutions and generate a linear concentration gradient of nanoparticles without aggregation. We combine the CGG with a single-cell trapper array (SCA) on microfluidics to evaluate the concentration-dependent bioeffects of the nanoparticles. The precise control of the spatiotemporal generation of nanoparticle concentration on the CGG module and the single-cell-level monitoring of the cell behaviors on the SCA module by a high-content system in real time, render the CGG-SCA system a highly precise platform, which can exclude the average effect of cell population and reflect the response of individual cells to the gradient concentrations accurately. In addition, the CGG-SCA system provides an automated platform for high-throughput screening of nanomedicines with high precision and low sample consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuexiao Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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15
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Liu X, Jia Y, Han Z, Hou Q, Zhang W, Zheng W, Jiang X. Integrating a Concentration Gradient Generator and a Single‐Cell Trapper Array for High‐Throughput Screening the Bioeffects of Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuexiao Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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16
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Kajtez J, Nilsson F, Fiorenzano A, Parmar M, Emnéus J. 3D biomaterial models of human brain disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105043. [PMID: 33887378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inherent limitations of the traditional approaches to study brain function and disease, such as rodent models and 2D cell culture platforms, have led to the development of 3D in vitro cell culture systems. These systems, products of multidisciplinary efforts encompassing stem cell biology, materials engineering, and biofabrication, have quickly shown great potential to mimic biochemical composition, structural properties, and cellular morphology and diversity found in the native brain tissue. Crucial to these developments have been the advancements in stem cell technology and cell reprogramming protocols that allow reproducible generation of human subtype-specific neurons and glia in laboratory conditions. At the same time, biomaterials have been designed to provide cells in 3D with a microenvironment that mimics functional and structural aspects of the native extracellular matrix with increasing fidelity. In this article, we review the use of biomaterials in 3D in vitro models of neurological disorders with focus on hydrogel technology and with biochemical composition and physical properties of the in vivo environment as reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kajtez
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Fiorenzano
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Cheah E, Wu Z, Thakur SS, O'Carroll SJ, Svirskis D. Externally triggered release of growth factors - A tissue regeneration approach. J Control Release 2021; 332:74-95. [PMID: 33600882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration aims to achieve functional restoration following injury by creating an environment to enable the body to self-repair. Strategies for regeneration rely on the introduction of biomaterial scaffolding, cells and bioactive molecules into the body, at or near the injury site. Of these bioactive molecules, growth factors (GFs) play a pivotal role in directing regenerative pathways for many cell populations. However, the therapeutic use of GFs has been limited by the complexity of biological injury and repair, and the properties of the GFs themselves, including their short half-life, poor tissue penetration, and off-target side effects. Externally triggered delivery systems have the potential to facilitate the delivery of GFs into the target tissues with considerations of the timing, sequence, amount, and location of GF presentation. This review briefly discusses the challenges facing the therapeutic use of GFs, then, we discuss approaches to externally trigger GF release from delivery systems categorised by stimulation type; ultrasound, temperature, light, magnetic fields and electric fields. Overall, while the use of GFs for tissue regeneration is still in its infancy, externally controlled GF delivery technologies have the potential to achieve robust and effective solutions to present GFs to injured tissues. Future technological developments must occur in conjunction with a comprehensive understanding of the biology at the injury site to ensure translation of promising technologies into real world benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Cheah
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sachin S Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon J O'Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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18
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Seo J, Lanara C, Choi JY, Kim J, Cho H, Chang Y, Kang K, Stratakis E, Choi IS. Neuronal Migration on Silicon Microcone Arrays with Different Pitches. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000583. [PMID: 32815647 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a complicated but fundamental process for proper construction and functioning of neural circuits in the brain. Many in vivo studies have suggested the involvement of environmental physical features of a neuron in its migration, but little effort has been made for the in vitro demonstration of topography-driven neuronal migration. This work investigates migratory behaviors of primary hippocampal neurons on a silicon microcone (SiMC) array that presents 14 different pitch domains (pitch: 2.5-7.3 µm). Neuronal migration becomes the maximum at the pitch of around 3 µm, with an upper migration threshold of about 4 µm. Immunocytochemical studies indicate that the speed and direction of migration, as well as its probability of occurrence, are correlated with the morphology of the neuron, which is dictated by the pitch and shape of underlying SiMC structures. In addition to the effects on neuronal migration, the real-time imaging of migrating neurons on the topographical substrate reveals new in vitro modes of neuronal migration, which have not been observed on the conventional flat culture plate, but been suggested by in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongyeon Seo
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Christina Lanara
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH) Nikolaou Plastira 100 Heraklion Crete GR‐70013 Greece
| | - Ji Yu Choi
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Jungnam Kim
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Hyeoncheol Cho
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Young‐Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry POSTECH Center for Self‐Assembly and Complexity Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyung Hee University Yongin Gyeonggi 17104 Korea
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH) Nikolaou Plastira 100 Heraklion Crete GR‐70013 Greece
| | - Insung S. Choi
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
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19
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Seo J, Youn W, Choi JY, Cho H, Choi H, Lanara C, Stratakis E, Choi IS. Neuro-taxis: Neuronal movement in gradients of chemical and physical environments. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 80:361-377. [PMID: 32304173 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemical and physical cues dynamically interact with migrating neurons and sprouting axons, and in particular, the gradients of environmental cues are regarded as one of the factors intimately involved in the neuronal movement. Since a growth cone was first described by Cajal, more than one century ago, chemical gradients have been suggested as one of the mechanisms by which the neurons determine proper paths and destinations. However, the gradients of physical cues, such as stiffness and topography, which also interact constantly with the neurons and their axons as a component of the extracellular environments, have rarely been noted regarding the guidance of neurons, despite their gradually increasingly reported influences in the case of nonneuronal-cell migration. In this review, we discuss chemical (i.e., chemo- and hapto-) and physical (i.e., duro-) taxis phenomena on the movement of neurons including axonal elongation. In addition, we suggest topotaxis, the most recently proposed physical-taxis phenomenon, as another potential mechanism in the neuronal movement, based on the reports of neuronal recognition of and responses to nanotopography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wongu Youn
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Yu Choi
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | - Christina Lanara
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Physics Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Insung S Choi
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
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20
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Yue H, Xie K, Ji X, Xu B, Wang C, Shi P. Vascularized neural constructs for ex-vivo reconstitution of blood-brain barrier function. Biomaterials 2020; 245:119980. [PMID: 32229330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ex-vivo blood-brain barrier (BBB) model is of great value for studying brain function and drug development, but it is still challenging to engineer macroscale three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs to recapitulate physiological and functional aspects of BBB. Here, we describe a delicate 3D vascularized neural constructs for ex-vivo reconstitution of BBB function. The tissue-engineered tissue construct is based on a multicomponent 3D co-culture of four types of cells, which typically exist in the BBB and were spatially defined and organized to mimic the in vivo BBB structure and function. A porous polycaprolactone/poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PCL/PLGA) microfluidic perfusion system works as the vasculature network, which was made by freeze-coating a 3D-printed sacrificial template. Endothelial cells were seeded inside the channels of the network to form 3D interconnected blood vessels; while other types of cells, including pericytes, astrocytes, and neurons, were co-cultured in a collagen matrix wrapping the vasculature network to derive a vascularized neural construct that recapitulates in vivo BBB function with great complexity and delicacy. Using this model, we successfully reconstituted BBB function with parameters that are similar to the in vivo condition, and demonstrated the identification of BBB-penetrating therapeutics by examining the molecular delivery to neuronal cells when relevant biologic molecules were applied to the vasculature circulation system of the neural construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xianglin Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bingzhe Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 511434, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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21
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Dravid A, Parittotokkaporn S, Aqrawe Z, O’Carroll SJ, Svirskis D. Determining Neurotrophin Gradients in Vitro To Direct Axonal Outgrowth Following Spinal Cord Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:121-132. [PMID: 31825204 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A spinal cord injury can damage neuronal connections required for both motor and sensory function. Barriers to regeneration within the central nervous system, including an absence of neurotrophic stimulation, impair the ability of injured neurons to reestablish their original circuitry. Exogenous neurotrophin administration has been shown to promote axonal regeneration and outgrowth following injury. The neurotrophins possess chemotrophic properties that guide axons toward the region of highest concentration. These growth factors have demonstrated potential to be used as a therapeutic intervention for orienting axonal growth beyond the injury lesion, toward denervated targets. However, the success of this approach is dependent on the appropriate spatiotemporal distribution of these molecules to ensure detection and navigation by the axonal growth cone. A number of in vitro gradient-based assays have been employed to investigate axonal response to neurotrophic gradients. Such platforms have helped elucidate the potential of applying a concentration gradient of neurotrophins to promote directed axonal regeneration toward a functionally significant target. Here, we review these techniques and the principles of gradient detection in axonal guidance, with particular focus on the use of neurotrophins to orient the trajectory of regenerating axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Dravid
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sam Parittotokkaporn
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zaid Aqrawe
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon J. O’Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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23
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Matrix promote mesenchymal stromal cell migration with improved deformation via nuclear stiffness decrease. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Dravid A, Raos B, Aqrawe Z, Parittotokkaporn S, O'Carroll SJ, Svirskis D. A Macroscopic Diffusion-Based Gradient Generator to Establish Concentration Gradients of Soluble Molecules Within Hydrogel Scaffolds for Cell Culture. Front Chem 2019; 7:638. [PMID: 31620430 PMCID: PMC6759698 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentration gradients of soluble molecules are ubiquitous within the living body and known to govern a number of key biological processes. This has motivated the development of numerous in vitro gradient-generators allowing researchers to study cellular response in a precise, controlled environment. Despite this, there remains a current paucity of simplistic, convenient devices capable of generating biologically relevant concentration gradients for cell culture assays. Here, we present the design and fabrication of a compartmentalized polydimethylsiloxane diffusion-based gradient generator capable of sustaining concentration gradients of soluble molecules within thick (5 mm) and thin (2 mm) agarose and agarose-collagen co-gel matrices. The presence of collagen within the agarose-collagen co-gel increased the mechanical properties of the gel. Our model molecules sodium fluorescein (376 Da) and FITC-Dextran (10 kDa) quickly established a concentration gradient that was maintained out to 96 h, with 24 hourly replenishment of the source and sink reservoirs. FITC-Dextran (40 kDa) took longer to establish in all hydrogel setups. The steepness of gradients generated are within appropriate range to elicit response in certain cell types. The compatibility of our platform with cell culture was demonstrated using a LIVE/DEAD® assay on terminally differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons. We believe this device presents as a convenient and useful tool that can be easily adopted for study of cellular response in gradient-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Dravid
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brad Raos
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zaid Aqrawe
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sam Parittotokkaporn
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon J. O'Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Abstract
Microfluidics is an appealing platform for drug screening and discovery. Compared with the conventional drug screening methods based on Petri dishes and experimental animals, microfluidic devices have many advantages including miniaturized size, ease-to-use, high sensitivity, and high throughput. More importantly, bioassays on microfluidics can avoid ethical issues which can be a big obstacle hindering the performance of the experiments on animals or human being. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) microchips can recapitulate various biochemical and biophysical conditions in vivo and mimic the natural microenvironment of the tissues/organs, providing versatile in vitro models for biomedical applications. In this Perspective, we will focus on the cell-based microfluidic assays for drug screening. Meanwhile, we also propose potential solutions for the difficulties in this field and discuss the prospects of microfluidics-based technologies for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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