1
|
Lukowicz-Bedford RM, Eisen JS, Miller AC. Gap-junction-mediated bioelectric signaling required for slow muscle development and function in zebrafish. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3116-3132.e5. [PMID: 38936363 PMCID: PMC11265983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectric signaling, intercellular communication facilitated by membrane potential and electrochemical coupling, is emerging as a key regulator of animal development. Gap junction (GJ) channels can mediate bioelectric signaling by creating a fast, direct pathway between cells for the movement of ions and other small molecules. In vertebrates, GJ channels are formed by a highly conserved transmembrane protein family called the connexins. The connexin gene family is large and complex, creating challenges in identifying specific connexins that create channels within developing and mature tissues. Using the embryonic zebrafish neuromuscular system as a model, we identify a connexin conserved across vertebrate lineages, gjd4, which encodes the Cx46.8 protein, that mediates bioelectric signaling required for slow muscle development and function. Through mutant analysis and in vivo imaging, we show that gjd4/Cx46.8 creates GJ channels specifically in developing slow muscle cells. Using genetics, pharmacology, and calcium imaging, we find that spinal-cord-generated neural activity is transmitted to developing slow muscle cells, and synchronized activity spreads via gjd4/Cx46.8 GJ channels. Finally, we show that bioelectrical signal propagation within the developing neuromuscular system is required for appropriate myofiber organization and that disruption leads to defects in behavior. Our work reveals a molecular basis for GJ communication among developing muscle cells and reveals how perturbations to bioelectric signaling in the neuromuscular system may contribute to developmental myopathies. Moreover, this work underscores a critical motif of signal propagation between organ systems and highlights the pivotal role of GJ communication in coordinating bioelectric signaling during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith S Eisen
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, Eugene, OR 97405, USA
| | - Adam C Miller
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, Eugene, OR 97405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou Y, Mabrouk I, Ma J, Liu Q, Song Y, Xue G, Li X, Wang S, Liu C, Hu J, Sun Y. Chromosome-level genome sequencing and multi-omics of the Hungarian White Goose (Anser anser domesticus) reveals novel miRNA-mRNA regulation mechanism of waterfowl feather follicle development. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103933. [PMID: 38943801 PMCID: PMC11261457 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hungarian White Goose (Anser anser domesticus) is an excellent European goose breed, with high feather and meat production. Despite its importance in the poultry industry, no available genome assembly information has been published. This study aimed to present Chromosome-level and functional genome sequencing of the Hungarian White Goose. The results showed that the genome assembly has a total length of 1115.82 Mb, 39 pairs of chromosomes, 92.98% of the BUSCO index, and contig N50 and scaffold N50 were up to 2.32 Mb and 60.69 Mb, respectively. Annotation of the genome assembly revealed 19550 genes, 286 miRNAs, etc. We identified 235 expanded and 1,167 contracted gene families in this breed compared with the other 16 species. We performed a positive selection analysis between this breed and four species of Anatidae to uncover the genetic information underlying feather follicle development. Further, we detected the function of miR-199-x, miR-143-y, and miR-23-z on goose embryonic skin fibroblast. In summary, we have successfully generated a highly complete genome sequence of the Hungarian white goose, which will provide a great resource to improve our understanding of gene functions and enhance the studies on feather follicle development at the genomic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ichraf Mabrouk
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qiuyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yupu Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guizhen Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Sihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Changchun Municipal People's Government, Changchun Animal Husbandry Service, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jingtao Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yongfeng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118, China..
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tseng CC, Woolley TE, Jiang TX, Wu P, Maini PK, Widelitz RB, Chuong CM. Gap junctions in Turing-type periodic feather pattern formation. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002636. [PMID: 38743770 PMCID: PMC11161087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodic patterning requires coordinated cell-cell interactions at the tissue level. Turing showed, using mathematical modeling, how spatial patterns could arise from the reactions of a diffusive activator-inhibitor pair in an initially homogeneous 2D field. Most activators and inhibitors studied in biological systems are proteins, and the roles of cell-cell interaction, ions, bioelectricity, etc. are only now being identified. Gap junctions (GJs) mediate direct exchanges of ions or small molecules between cells, enabling rapid long-distance communications in a cell collective. They are therefore good candidates for propagating nonprotein-based patterning signals that may act according to the Turing principles. Here, we explore the possible roles of GJs in Turing-type patterning using feather pattern formation as a model. We found 7 of the 12 investigated GJ isoforms are highly dynamically expressed in the developing chicken skin. In ovo functional perturbations of the GJ isoform, connexin 30, by siRNA and the dominant-negative mutant applied before placode development led to disrupted primary feather bud formation. Interestingly, inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the ex vivo skin explant culture allowed the sequential emergence of new feather buds at specific spatial locations relative to the existing primary buds. The results suggest that GJIC may facilitate the propagation of long-distance inhibitory signals. Thus, inhibition of GJs may stimulate Turing-type periodic feather pattern formation during chick skin development, and the removal of GJ activity would enable the emergence of new feather buds if the local environment were competent and the threshold to form buds was reached. We further propose Turing-based computational simulations that can predict the sequential appearance of these ectopic buds. Our models demonstrate how a Turing activator-inhibitor system can continue to generate patterns in the competent morphogenetic field when the level of intercellular communication at the tissue scale is modulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Philip K. Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Randall B. Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang X, Zhao K, Sun Y, Song X, Yi C, Xiong T, Wang S, Yu Y, Chen X, Liu R, Yan X, Antos CL. The scale of zebrafish pectoral fin buds is determined by intercellular K+ levels and consequent Ca2+-mediated signaling via retinoic acid regulation of Rcan2 and Kcnk5b. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002565. [PMID: 38527087 PMCID: PMC11018282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
K+ channels regulate morphogens to scale adult fins, but little is known about what regulates the channels and how they control morphogen expression. Using the zebrafish pectoral fin bud as a model for early vertebrate fin/limb development, we found that K+ channels also scale this anatomical structure, and we determined how one K+-leak channel, Kcnk5b, integrates into its developmental program. From FLIM measurements of a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based K+ sensor, we observed coordinated decreases in intracellular K+ levels during bud growth, and overexpression of K+-leak channels in vivo coordinately increased bud proportions. Retinoic acid, which can enhance fin/limb bud growth, decreased K+ in bud tissues and up-regulated regulator of calcineurin (rcan2). rcan2 overexpression increased bud growth and decreased K+, while CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of rcan2 decreased growth and increased K+. We observed similar results in the adult caudal fins. Moreover, CRISPR targeting of Kcnk5b revealed that Rcan2-mediated growth was dependent on the Kcnk5b. We also found that Kcnk5b enhanced depolarization in fin bud cells via Na+ channels and that this enhanced depolarization was required for Kcnk5b-enhanced growth. Lastly, Kcnk5b-induced shha transcription and bud growth required IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release and CaMKK activity. Thus, we provide a mechanism for how retinoic acid via rcan2 can regulate K+-channel activity to scale a vertebrate appendage via intercellular Ca2+ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Song
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Yi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiduo Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christopher L. Antos
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qiu M, Zhang Z, Zhu S, Liu S, Peng H, Xiong X, Chen J, Hu C, Yang L, Song X, Xia B, Yu C, Yang C. Transcriptome Sequencing and Mass Spectrometry Reveal Genes Involved in the Non-mendelian Inheritance-Mediated Feather Growth Rate in Chicken. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10643-y. [PMID: 38280152 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The feather growth rate in chickens included early and late feathering. We attempted to characterize the genes and pathways associated with the feather growth rate in chickens that are not in agreement with Mendelian inheritance. Gene expression profiles in the hair follicle tissues of late-feathering cocks (LC), early-feathering cocks (EC), late-feathering hens (LH), and early-feathering hens (EH) were acquired using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), mass spectrometry (MS), and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‑PCR). A total of 188 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were ascertained in EC vs. LC and 538 DEGs were identified in EH vs. LH. We observed that 14 up-regulated genes and 9 down-regulated genes were screened both in EC vs. LC and EH vs. LH. MS revealed that 41 and 138 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened out in EC vs. LC and EH vs. LH, respectively. Moreover, these DEGs and DEPs were enriched in multiple feather-related pathways, including JAK-STAT, MAPK, WNT, TGF-β, and calcium signaling pathways. qRT-PCR assay showed that the expression of WNT8A was decreased in LC compared with EC, while ALK and GRM4 expression were significantly up-regulated in EH relative to LH. This study helps to elucidate the potential mechanism of the feather growth rate in chickens that do not conform to genetic law.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Qiu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Zengrong Zhang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiliang Zhu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Peng
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Jialei Chen
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenming Hu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunlin Yu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7# Niusha Road, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Min Q, Gao Y, Wang Y. Bioelectricity in dental medicine: a narrative review. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:3. [PMID: 38172866 PMCID: PMC10765628 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioelectric signals, whether exogenous or endogenous, play crucial roles in the life processes of organisms. Recently, the significance of bioelectricity in the field of dentistry is steadily gaining greater attention. OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to comprehensively outline the theory, physiological effects, and practical applications of bioelectricity in dental medicine and to offer insights into its potential future direction. It attempts to provide dental clinicians and researchers with an electrophysiological perspective to enhance their clinical practice or fundamental research endeavors. METHODS An online computer search for relevant literature was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, with the keywords "bioelectricity, endogenous electric signal, electric stimulation, dental medicine." RESULTS Eventually, 288 documents were included for review. The variance in ion concentration between the interior and exterior of the cell membrane, referred to as transmembrane potential, forms the fundamental basis of bioelectricity. Transmembrane potential has been established as an essential regulator of intercellular communication, mechanotransduction, migration, proliferation, and immune responses. Thus, exogenous electric stimulation can significantly alter cellular action by affecting transmembrane potential. In the field of dental medicine, electric stimulation has proven useful for assessing pulp condition, locating root apices, improving the properties of dental biomaterials, expediting orthodontic tooth movement, facilitating implant osteointegration, addressing maxillofacial malignancies, and managing neuromuscular dysfunction. Furthermore, the reprogramming of bioelectric signals holds promise as a means to guide organism development and intervene in disease processes. Besides, the development of high-throughput electrophysiological tools will be imperative for identifying ion channel targets and precisely modulating bioelectricity in the future. CONCLUSIONS Bioelectricity has found application in various concepts of dental medicine but large-scale, standardized, randomized controlled clinical trials are still necessary in the future. In addition, the precise, repeatable and predictable measurement and modulation methods of bioelectric signal patterns are essential research direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Min
- Department of Endodontics, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yajun Gao
- Department of Endodontics, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Implantology, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lukowicz-Bedford RM, Eisen JS, Miller AC. Gap junction mediated bioelectric coordination is required for slow muscle development, organization, and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572619. [PMID: 38187655 PMCID: PMC10769300 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectrical signaling, intercellular communication facilitated by membrane potential and electrochemical coupling, is emerging as a key regulator of animal development. Gap junction (GJ) channels can mediate bioelectric signaling by creating a fast, direct pathway between cells for the movement of ions and other small molecules. In vertebrates, GJ channels are formed by a highly conserved transmembrane protein family called the Connexins. The connexin gene family is large and complex, presenting a challenge in identifying the specific Connexins that create channels within developing and mature tissues. Using the embryonic zebrafish neuromuscular system as a model, we identify a connexin conserved across vertebrate lineages, gjd4, which encodes the Cx46.8 protein, that mediates bioelectric signaling required for appropriate slow muscle development and function. Through a combination of mutant analysis and in vivo imaging we show that gjd4/Cx46.8 creates GJ channels specifically in developing slow muscle cells. Using genetics, pharmacology, and calcium imaging we find that spinal cord generated neural activity is transmitted to developing slow muscle cells and synchronized activity spreads via gjd4/Cx46.8 GJ channels. Finally, we show that bioelectrical signal propagation within the developing neuromuscular system is required for appropriate myofiber organization, and that disruption leads to defects in behavior. Our work reveals the molecular basis for GJ communication among developing muscle cells and reveals how perturbations to bioelectric signaling in the neuromuscular system_may contribute to developmental myopathies. Moreover, this work underscores a critical motif of signal propagation between organ systems and highlights the pivotal role played by GJ communication in coordinating bioelectric signaling during development.
Collapse
|
9
|
George LF, Follmer ML, Fontenoy E, Moran HR, Brown JR, Ozekin YH, Bates EA. Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Mediates Drosophila Wing Development. Bioelectricity 2023; 5:290-306. [PMID: 38143873 PMCID: PMC10733776 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2022.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The temporal dynamics of morphogen presentation impacts transcriptional responses and tissue patterning. However, the mechanisms controlling morphogen release are far from clear. We found that inwardly rectifying potassium (Irk) channels regulate endogenous transient increases in intracellular calcium and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP/Dpp) release for Drosophila wing development. Inhibition of Irk channels reduces BMP/Dpp signaling, and ultimately disrupts wing morphology. Ion channels impact development of several tissues and organisms in which BMP signaling is essential. In neurons and pancreatic beta cells, Irk channels modulate membrane potential to affect intracellular Ca++ to control secretion of neurotransmitters and insulin. Based on Irk activity in neurons, we hypothesized that electrical activity controls endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca++ release into the cytoplasm to regulate the release of BMP. Materials and Methods To test this hypothesis, we reduced expression of four proteins that control ER calcium, Stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim), Calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai), SarcoEndoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA), small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK), and Bestrophin 2 (Best2) using RNAi and documented wing phenotypes. We use live imaging to study calcium and Dpp release within pupal wings and larval wing discs. Additionally, we employed immunohistochemistry to characterize Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic (SMAD) phosphorylation downstream of the BMP/Dpp pathway following RNAi knockdown. Results We found that reduced Stim and SERCA function decreases amplitude and frequency of endogenous calcium transients in the wing disc and reduced BMP/Dpp release. Conclusion Our results suggest control of ER calcium homeostasis is required for BMP/Dpp release, and Drosophila wing development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faith George
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mikaela Lynn Follmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily Fontenoy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hannah Rose Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeremy Ryan Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yunus H. Ozekin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily Anne Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li MR, Luo XJ, Peng J. Role of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in the regulation of ion channels: focus on its association with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:719-730. [PMID: 37676576 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is vital for cell differentiation and proliferation during embryonic development, yet its role in cardiac, cerebral, and vascular pathophysiology is under debate. Recent studies have demonstrated that several compounds of SHH signaling regulate ion channels, which in turn affect the behavior of target cells. Some of these ion channels are involved in the cardio-cerebrovascular system. Here, we first reviewed the SHH signaling cascades, then its interaction with ion channels, and their impact on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Considering the complex cross talk of SHH signaling with other pathways that also affect ion channels and their potential impact on the cardio-cerebrovascular system, we highlight the necessity of thoroughly studying the effect of SHH signaling on ion homeostasis, which could serve as a novel mechanism for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Activation of SHH signaling influence ion channels activity, which in turn influence ion homeostasis, membrane potential, and electrophysiology, could serve as a novel strategy for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ji G, Zhang M, Tu Y, Liu Y, Shan Y, Ju X, Zou J, Shu J, Sheng Z, Li H. Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms in Chicken Feather Follicle Morphogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1646. [PMID: 37628697 PMCID: PMC10454116 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, the sale of freshly slaughtered chickens is becoming increasingly popular in comparison with that of live chickens, and due to this emerging trend, the skin and feather follicle traits of yellow-feathered broilers have attracted a great deal of research attention. The feather follicle originates from the interaction between the epidermis and dermis in the early embryonic stage. Feather follicle morphogenesis is regulated by the Wnt, ectodysplasin (Eda), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), sonic hedgehog (Shh), Notch, and other signaling pathways that exist in epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The Wnt pathway is essential for feather follicle and feather morphogenesis. Eda interacts with Wnt to induce FGF expression, which attracts mesenchymal cell movement and aggregates to form feather follicle primordia. BMP acts as an inhibitor of the above signaling pathways to limit the size of the feather tract and distance between neighboring feather primordia in a dose-dependent manner. The Notch/Delta pathway can interact with the FGF pathway to promote feather bud formation. While not a part of the early morphogenesis of feather follicles, Shh and BMP signaling are involved in late feather branching. This review summarizes the roles of miRNAs/lncRNA in the regulation of feather follicle and feather growth and development and suggests topics that need to be solved in a future study. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms involved in feather follicle morphogenesis and analyzes the impact of SNP sites on feather follicle traits in poultry. This work may help us to understand the molecular regulatory networks influencing feather follicle growth and provide basic data for poultry carcass quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaige Ji
- Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Yunjie Tu
- Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Yanju Shan
- Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Xiaojun Ju
- Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Jianmin Zou
- Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Jingting Shu
- Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Zhongwei Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Jackowiak H. Pattern Distribution of Connexins in the Ortho- and Parakeratinized Epithelium of the Lingual Mucosa in Birds. Cells 2023; 12:1776. [PMID: 37443811 PMCID: PMC10341081 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins are important proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication and cytodifferentiation during renewal and cornification of the multilayered epithelia. So far, there is a lack of reports on this subject in birds' structurally different ortho- and parakeratinized epithelium of the tongue. The study aims to describe the distribution and expression profiles of the α-connexins (Cx40 and 43) and β-connexins (Cx26, 30, and 31) in those epithelia in duck, goose, and domestic turkey. Research revealed the presence of the mentioned connexins and the occurrence of interspecies differences. Connexins form gap junctions in the cell membrane or are in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes. Differences in connexin expression were noted between the basal and intermediate layers, which may determine the proliferation of keratinocytes. Cx40, 43, and Cx30 in the gap junction of the keratinocytes of the intermediate layer are related to the synchronization of the cornification process. Because of the exfoliation of cornified plaques, a lack of connexins was observed in the cornified layer of orthokeratinized epithelium. However, in parakeratinized epithelium, connexins were present in the cell membrane of keratinocytes and thus maintained cellular integrity in gradually desquamating cells. The current studies will be useful in further comparative analyses of normal and pathological epithelia of the oral cavity in birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skieresz-Szewczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shim S, Goyal R, Panoutsopoulos AA, Balashova OA, Lee D, Borodinsky LN. Calcium dynamics at the neural cell primary cilium regulate Hedgehog signaling-dependent neurogenesis in the embryonic neural tube. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220037120. [PMID: 37252980 PMCID: PMC10266006 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220037120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation is paramount for the appropriate development of the nervous system. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is known to sequentially promote cell proliferation and specification of neuronal phenotypes, but the signaling mechanisms responsible for the developmental switch from mitogenic to neurogenic have remained unclear. Here, we show that Shh enhances Ca2+ activity at the neural cell primary cilium of developing Xenopus laevis embryos through Ca2+ influx via transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3 (TRPC3) and release from intracellular stores in a developmental stage-dependent manner. This ciliary Ca2+ activity in turn antagonizes canonical, proliferative Shh signaling in neural stem cells by down-regulating Sox2 expression and up-regulating expression of neurogenic genes, enabling neuronal differentiation. These discoveries indicate that the Shh-Ca2+-dependent switch in neural cell ciliary signaling triggers the switch in Shh action from canonical-mitogenic to neurogenic. The molecular mechanisms identified in this neurogenic signaling axis are potential targets for the treatment of brain tumors and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Shim
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
- Shriners Hospital for Children, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
| | - Raman Goyal
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
- Shriners Hospital for Children, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
| | - Alexios A. Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
- Shriners Hospital for Children, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
| | - Olga A. Balashova
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
- Shriners Hospital for Children, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
| | - David Lee
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
- Shriners Hospital for Children, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
| | - Laura N. Borodinsky
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
- Shriners Hospital for Children, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tseng CC, Woolley TE, Jiang TX, Wu P, Maini PK, Widelitz RB, Chuong CM. Gap junctions in Turing-type periodic feather pattern formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.15.537019. [PMID: 37090608 PMCID: PMC10120740 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.15.537019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Periodic patterning requires coordinated cell-cell interactions at the tissue level. Turing showed, using mathematical modeling, how spatial patterns could arise from the reactions of a diffusive activator-inhibitor pair in an initially homogenous two-dimensional field. Most activators and inhibitors studied in biological systems are proteins, and the roles of cell-cell interaction, ions, bioelectricity, etc. are only now being identified. Gap junctions (GJs) mediate direct exchanges of ions or small molecules between cells, enabling rapid long-distance communications in a cell collective. They are therefore good candidates for propagating non-protein-based patterning signals that may act according to the Turing principles. Here, we explore the possible roles of GJs in Turing-type patterning using feather pattern formation as a model. We found seven of the twelve investigated GJ isoforms are highly dynamically expressed in the developing chicken skin. In ovo functional perturbations of the GJ isoform, connexin 30, by siRNA and the dominant-negative mutant applied before placode development led to disrupted primary feather bud formation, including patches of smooth skin and buds of irregular sizes. Later, after the primary feather arrays were laid out, inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication in the ex vivo skin explant culture allowed the emergence of new feather buds in temporal waves at specific spatial locations relative to the existing primary buds. The results suggest that gap junctional communication may facilitate the propagation of long-distance inhibitory signals. Thus, the removal of GJ activity would enable the emergence of new feather buds if the local environment is competent and the threshold to form buds is reached. We propose Turing-based computational simulations that can predict the appearance of these ectopic bud waves. Our models demonstrate how a Turing activator-inhibitor system can continue to generate patterns in the competent morphogenetic field when the level of intercellular communication at the tissue scale is modulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, U.S.A
- Current address: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, U.S.A
| | - Thomas E. Woolley
- School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Senghennydd Road, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, U.K
| | - Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, U.S.A
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, U.S.A
| | - Philip K. Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, U.K
| | - Randall B. Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, U.S.A
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Katoh K. Effects of Electrical Stimulation of the Cell: Wound Healing, Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Signal Transduction. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:medsci11010011. [PMID: 36810478 PMCID: PMC9944882 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the cell can have a number of different effects depending on the type of cell being stimulated. In general, electrical stimulation can cause the cell to become more active, increase its metabolism, and change its gene expression. For example, if the electrical stimulation is of low intensity and short duration, it may simply cause the cell to depolarize. However, if the electrical stimulation is of high intensity or long duration, it may cause the cell to become hyperpolarized. The electrical stimulation of cells is a process by which an electrical current is applied to cells in order to change their function or behavior. This process can be used to treat various medical conditions and has been shown to be effective in a number of studies. In this perspective, the effects of electrical stimulation on the cell are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Katoh
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba 305-8521, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Connexins Signatures of the Neurovascular Unit and Their Physio-Pathological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179510. [PMID: 36076908 PMCID: PMC9455936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis is closely linked to the delicate balance of the microenvironment in which different cellular components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) coexist. Intercellular communication plays a pivotal role in exchanges of signaling molecules and mediators essential for survival functions, as well as in the removal of disturbing elements that can lead to related pathologies. The specific signatures of connexins (Cxs), proteins which form either gap junctions (GJs) or hemichannels (HCs), represent the biological substrate of the pathophysiological balance. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is undoubtedly one of the most important factors in glia–neuro–vascular crosstalk. Herein, Cxs signatures of every NVU component are highlighted and their critical influence on functional processes in healthy and pathological conditions of nervous microenvironment is reviewed.
Collapse
|
17
|
George LF, Bates EA. Mechanisms Underlying Influence of Bioelectricity in Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:772230. [PMID: 35237593 PMCID: PMC8883286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.772230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To execute the intricate process of development, cells coordinate across tissues and organs to determine where each cell divides and differentiates. This coordination requires complex communication between cells. Growing evidence suggests that bioelectrical signals controlled via ion channels contribute to cell communication during development. Ion channels collectively regulate the transmembrane potential of cells, and their function plays a conserved role in the development of organisms from flies to humans. Spontaneous calcium oscillations can be found in nearly every cell type and tissue, and disruption of these oscillations leads to defects in development. However, the mechanism by which bioelectricity regulates development is still unclear. Ion channels play essential roles in the processes of cell death, proliferation, migration, and in each of the major canonical developmental signaling pathways. Previous reviews focus on evidence for one potential mechanism by which bioelectricity affects morphogenesis, but there is evidence that supports multiple different mechanisms which are not mutually exclusive. Evidence supports bioelectricity contributing to development through multiple different mechanisms. Here, we review evidence for the importance of bioelectricity in morphogenesis and provide a comprehensive review of the evidence for several potential mechanisms by which ion channels may act in developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faith George
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Emily Anne Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bokhobza A, Ziental-Gelus N, Allart L, Iamshanova O, Vanden Abeele F. Impact of SOCE Abolition by ORAI1 Knockout on the Proliferation, Adhesion, and Migration of HEK-293 Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113016. [PMID: 34831241 PMCID: PMC8616168 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) provided through channels formed by ORAI proteins is a major regulator of several cellular processes. In immune cells, it controls fundamental processes such as proliferation, cell adhesion, and migration, while in cancer, SOCE and ORAI1 gene expression are dysregulated and lead to abnormal migration and/or cell proliferation. In the present study, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to delete the ORAI1 gene and to identify its role in proliferative and migrative properties of the model cell line HEK-293. We showed that ORAI1 deletion greatly reduced SOCE. Thereby, we found that this decrease and the absence of ORAI1 protein did not affect HEK-293 proliferation. In addition, we determined that ORAI1 suppression did not affect adhesive properties but had a limited impact on HEK-293 migration. Overall, we showed that ORAI1 and SOCE are largely dispensable for cellular proliferation, migration, and cellular adhesion of HEK-293 cells. Thus, despite its importance in providing Ca2+ entry in non-excitable cells, our results indicate that the lack of SOCE does not deeply impact HEK-293 cells. This finding suggests the existence of compensatory mechanism enabling the maintenance of their physiological function.
Collapse
|
19
|
Talukdar S, Emdad L, Das SK, Fisher PB. GAP junctions: multifaceted regulators of neuronal differentiation. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1982349. [PMID: 34651545 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1982349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions are intercellular membrane channels consisting of connexin proteins, which contribute to direct cytoplasmic exchange of small molecules, substrates and metabolites between adjacent cells. These channels play important roles in neuronal differentiation, maintenance, survival and function. Gap junctions regulate differentiation of neurons from embryonic, neural and induced pluripotent stem cells. In addition, they control transdifferentiation of neurons from mesenchymal stem cells. The expression and levels of several connexins correlate with cell cycle changes and different stages of neurogenesis. Connexins such as Cx36, Cx45, and Cx26, play a crucial role in neuronal function. Several connexin knockout mice display lethal or severely impaired phenotypes. Aberrations in connexin expression is frequently associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. Gap junctions also act as promising therapeutic targets for neuronal regenerative medicine, because of their role in neural stem cell integration, injury and remyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Braunstein JA, Robbins AE, Stewart S, Stankunas K. Basal epidermis collective migration and local Sonic hedgehog signaling promote skeletal branching morphogenesis in zebrafish fins. Dev Biol 2021; 477:177-190. [PMID: 34038742 PMCID: PMC10802891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Teleost fish fins, like all vertebrate limbs, comprise a series of bones laid out in characteristic pattern. Each fin's distal bony rays typically branch to elaborate skeletal networks providing form and function. Zebrafish caudal fin regeneration studies suggest basal epidermal-expressed Sonic hedgehog (Shh) promotes ray branching by partitioning pools of adjacent pre-osteoblasts. This Shh role is distinct from its well-studied Zone of Polarizing Activity role establishing paired limb positional information. Therefore, we investigated if and how Shh signaling similarly functions during developmental ray branching of both paired and unpaired fins while resolving cellular dynamics of branching by live imaging. We found shha is expressed uniquely by basal epidermal cells overlying pre-osteoblast pools at the distal aspect of outgrowing juvenile fins. Lateral splitting of each shha-expressing epidermal domain followed by the pre-osteoblast pools precedes overt ray branching. We use ptch2:Kaede fish and Kaede photoconversion to identify short stretches of shha+basal epidermis and juxtaposed pre-osteoblasts as the Shh/Smoothened (Smo) active zone. Basal epidermal distal collective movements continuously replenish each shha+domain with individual cells transiently expressing and responding to Shh. In contrast, pre-osteoblasts maintain Shh/Smo activity until differentiating. The Smo inhibitor BMS-833923 prevents branching in all fins, paired and unpaired, with surprisingly minimal effects on caudal fin initial skeletal patterning, ray outgrowth or bone differentiation. Staggered BMS-833923 addition indicates Shh/Smo signaling acts throughout the branching process. We use live cell tracking to find Shh/Smo restrains the distal movement of basal epidermal cells by apparent 'tethering' to pre-osteoblasts. We propose short-range Shh/Smo signaling promotes these heterotypic associations to couple instructive basal epidermal collective movements to pre-osteoblast repositioning as a unique mode of branching morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Braunstein
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1229, USA; Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 77 Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1210, USA
| | - Amy E Robbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1229, USA; Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 77 Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1210, USA
| | - Scott Stewart
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1229, USA
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, 273 Onyx Bridge, 1318 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1229, USA; Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 77 Klamath Hall, 1370 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97403-1210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cervera J, Levin M, Mafe S. Morphology changes induced by intercellular gap junction blocking: A reaction-diffusion mechanism. Biosystems 2021; 209:104511. [PMID: 34411690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex anatomical form is regulated in part by endogenous physiological communication between cells; however, the dynamics by which gap junctional (GJ) states across tissues regulate morphology are still poorly understood. We employed a biophysical modeling approach combining different signaling molecules (morphogens) to qualitatively describe the anteroposterior and lateral morphology changes in model multicellular systems due to intercellular GJ blockade. The model is based on two assumptions for blocking-induced patterning: (i) the local concentrations of two small antagonistic morphogens diffusing through the GJs along the axial direction, together with that of an independent, uncoupled morphogen concentration along an orthogonal direction, constitute the instructive patterns that modulate the morphological outcomes, and (ii) the addition of an external agent partially blocks the intercellular GJs between neighboring cells and modifies thus the establishment of these patterns. As an illustrative example, we study how the different connectivity and morphogen patterns obtained in presence of a GJ blocker can give rise to novel head morphologies in regenerating planaria. We note that the ability of GJs to regulate the permeability of morphogens post-translationally suggests a mechanism by which different anatomies can be produced from the same genome without the modification of gene-regulatory networks. Conceptually, our model biosystem constitutes a reaction-diffusion information processing mechanism that allows reprogramming of biological morphologies through the external manipulation of the intercellular GJs and the resulting changes in instructive biochemical signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cervera
- Dept. Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física, Universitat de València, E-46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Michael Levin
- Dept. of Biology and Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155-4243, USA
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Dept. Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física, Universitat de València, E-46100, Burjassot, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gómez-Gálvez P, Anbari S, Escudero LM, Buceta J. Mechanics and self-organization in tissue development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 120:147-159. [PMID: 34417092 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-organization is an all-important feature of living systems that provides the means to achieve specialization and functionality at distinct spatio-temporal scales. Herein, we review this concept by addressing the packing organization of cells, the sorting/compartmentalization phenomenon of cell populations, and the propagation of organizing cues at the tissue level through traveling waves. We elaborate on how different theoretical models and tools from Topology, Physics, and Dynamical Systems have improved the understanding of self-organization by shedding light on the role played by mechanics as a driver of morphogenesis. Altogether, by providing a historical perspective, we show how ideas and hypotheses in the field have been revisited, developed, and/or rejected and what are the open questions that need to be tackled by future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gómez-Gálvez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samira Anbari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Buceta
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), CSIC-UV, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Connexin 43 and Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Interplay in Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation and Migration. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080767. [PMID: 34439999 PMCID: PMC8389699 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the product of accumulated genetic and epigenetic alteration where tumor cells support each other through cellular communication mechanisms and deregulated signalling processes. The autocrine and paracrine pathways between the intracellular and extracellular milieu is mediated by connexin 43, the main gap junction-forming protein driving glioblastoma progression. In this scenario, sonic hedgehog pathway, a key deregulated pathway involved in cell network signalling may affect connexin 43 expression, promoting glioblastoma pathobiology. In this study, we sought to explore how the modulation of the sonic hedgehog affects connexin 43 inducing glioblastoma hallmarks. To do this we evaluated biological effects of sonic hedgehog pathway modulation by purmorphamine and cyclopamine, a smoothened agonist and antagonist, respectively. We revealed that cell migration and proliferation are associated with connexin 43 expression upon sonic hedgehog modulation. Our study suggests that sonic hedgehog and connexin 43 axis may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common primary brain tumor within the adult population. Current therapeutic options are still limited by high rate of recurrences and signalling axes that promote GBM aggressiveness. The contribution of gap junctions (GJs) to tumor growth and progression has been proven by experimental evidence. Concomitantly, tumor microenvironment has received increasing interest as a critical process in dysregulation and homeostatic escape, finding a close link between molecular mechanisms involved in connexin 43 (CX43)-based intercellular communication and tumorigenesis. Moreover, evidence has come to suggest a crucial role of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling pathway in GBM proliferation, cell fate and differentiation. Herein, we used two human GBM cell lines, modulating SHH signalling and CX43-based intercellular communication in in vitro models using proliferation and migration assays. Our evidence suggests that modulation of the SHH effector smoothened (SMO), by using a known agonist (i.e., purmorphamine) and a known antagonist (i.e., cyclopamine), affects the CX43 expression levels and therefore the related functions. Moreover, SMO activation also increased cell proliferation and migration. Importantly, inhibition of CX43 channels was able to prevent SMO-induced effects. SHH pathway and CX43 interplay acts inducing tumorigenic program and supporting cell migration, likely representing druggable targets to develop new therapeutic strategies for GBM.
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang TX, Li A, Lin CM, Chiu C, Cho JH, Reid B, Zhao M, Chow RH, Widelitz RB, Chuong CM. Global feather orientations changed by electric current. iScience 2021; 24:102671. [PMID: 34179734 PMCID: PMC8214094 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During chicken skin development, each feather bud exhibits its own polarity, but a population of buds organizes with a collective global orientation. We used embryonic dorsal skin, with buds aligned parallel to the rostral-caudal body axis, to explore whether exogenous electric fields affect feather polarity. Interestingly, brief exogenous current exposure prior to visible bud formation later altered bud orientations. Applying electric pulses perpendicular to the body rostral-caudal axis realigned bud growth in a collective swirl, resembling an electric field pointing toward the anode. Perturbed buds show normal molecular expression and morphogenesis except for their altered orientation. Epithelial-mesenchymal recombination demonstrates the effects of exogenous electric fields are mediated through the epithelium. Small-molecule channel inhibitor screens show Ca2+ channels and PI3 Kinase are involved in controlling feather bud polarity. This work reveals the importance of bioelectricity in organ development and regeneration and provides an explant culture platform for experimentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chih-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cathleen Chiu
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jung-Hwa Cho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Robert H. Chow
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Randall Bruce Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tan P, He L, Zhou Y. Engineering Supramolecular Organizing Centers for Optogenetic Control of Innate Immune Responses. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000147. [PMID: 34028210 PMCID: PMC8144545 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal organization of oligomeric protein complexes, such as the supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs) made of MyDDosome and MAVSome, is essential for transcriptional activation of host inflammatory responses and immunometabolism. Light-inducible assembly of MyDDosome and MAVSome is presented herein to induce activation of nuclear factor-kB and type-I interferons. Engineering of SMOCs and the downstream transcription factor permits programmable and customized innate immune operations in a light-dependent manner. These synthetic molecular tools will likely enable optical and user-defined modulation of innate immunity at a high spatiotemporal resolution to facilitate mechanistic studies of distinct modes of innate immune activations and potential intervention of immune disorders and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lian He
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bioelectric signaling: Reprogrammable circuits underlying embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer. Cell 2021; 184:1971-1989. [PMID: 33826908 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
How are individual cell behaviors coordinated toward invariant large-scale anatomical outcomes in development and regeneration despite unpredictable perturbations? Endogenous distributions of membrane potentials, produced by ion channels and gap junctions, are present across all tissues. These bioelectrical networks process morphogenetic information that controls gene expression, enabling cell collectives to make decisions about large-scale growth and form. Recent progress in the analysis and computational modeling of developmental bioelectric circuits and channelopathies reveals how cellular collectives cooperate toward organ-level structural order. These advances suggest a roadmap for exploiting bioelectric signaling for interventions addressing developmental disorders, regenerative medicine, cancer reprogramming, and synthetic bioengineering.
Collapse
|
27
|
He C, Zhao L, Xiao L, Xu K, Ding J, Zhou H, Zheng Y, Han C, Akinyemi F, Luo H, Yang L, Luo L, Yuan H, Lu X, Meng H. Chromosome level assembly reveals a unique immune gene organization and signatures of evolution in the common pheasant. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:897-911. [PMID: 33188724 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The common pheasant Phasianus colchicus, belonging to the order Galliformes and family Phasianidae, is the most widespread species. Despite a long history of captivity, the domestication of this bird is still at a preliminary stage. Recently, the demand for accelerating its transformation to poultry for meat and egg production has been increasing. In this study, we assembled high quality, chromosome scale genome of the common pheasant by using PacBio long reads, next-generation short reads, and Hi-C technology. The primary assembly has contig N50 size of 1.33 Mb and scaffold N50 size of 59.46 Mb, with a total size of 0.99 Gb, resolving most macrochromosomes into single scaffolds. A total of 23,058 genes and 10.71 Mb interspersed repeats were identified, constituting 30.31% and 10.71% of the common pheasant genome, respectively. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the common pheasant shared common ancestors with turkey about 24.7-34.5 million years ago (Ma). Rapidly evolved gene families, as well as branch-specific positively selected genes, indicate that calcium-related genes are potentially related to the adaptive and evolutionary change of the common pheasant. Interestingly, we found that the common pheasant has a unique major histocompatibility complex B locus (MHC-B) structure: three major inversions occurred in the sequence compared with chicken MHC-B. Furthermore, we detected signals of selection in five breeds of domestic common pheasant, several of which are production-oriented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lele Zhao
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinmei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxiao Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fisayo Akinyemi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaixi Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxiao Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Shanghai Xinhao Rare Poultry Breeding Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelin Lu
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - He Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li A, Zhou J, Widelitz RB, Chow RH, Chuong CM. Integrating Bioelectrical Currents and Ca 2+ Signaling with Biochemical Signaling in Development and Pathogenesis. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:210-220. [PMID: 34476353 PMCID: PMC8370337 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Roles of bioelectrical signals are increasingly recognized in excitable and nonexcitable non-neural tissues. Diverse ion-selective channels, pumps, and gap junctions participate in bioelectrical signaling, including those transporting calcium ions (Ca2+). Ca2+ is the most versatile transported ion, because it serves as an electrical charge carrier and a biochemical regulator for multiple molecular binding, enzyme, and transcription activities. We aspire to learn how bioelectrical signals crosstalk to biochemical/biomechanical signals. In this study, we review four recent studies showing how bioelectrical currents and Ca2+ signaling affect collective dermal cell migration during feather bud elongation, affect chondrogenic differentiation in limb development, couple with mechanical tension in aligning gut smooth muscle, and affect mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle atrophy. We observe bioelectrical signals involved in several developmental and pathological conditions in chickens and mice at multiple spatial scales: cellular, cellular collective, and subcellular. These examples inspire novel concept and approaches for future basic and translational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Randall B. Widelitz
- Department of Pathology and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert H. Chow
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nguyen NT, Ma G, Zhou Y, Jing J. Optogenetic approaches to control Ca 2+-modulated physiological processes. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 17:187-196. [PMID: 33184610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a versatile intracellular second messenger, calcium ion (Ca2+) regulates a plethora of physiological processes. To achieve precise control over Ca2+ signals in living cells and organisms, a set of optogenetic tools have recently been crafted by engineering photosensitive domains into intracellular signaling proteins, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and Ca2+ channels. We highlight herein the optogenetic engineering strategies, kinetic properties, advantages and limitations of these genetically-encoded Ca2+ channel actuators (GECAs) and modulators. In parallel, we present exemplary applications in both excitable and non-excitable cells and tissues. Furthermore, we briefly discuss potential solutions for wireless optogenetics to accelerate the in vivo applications of GECAs under physiological conditions, with an emphasis on integrating near-infrared (NIR) light-excitable upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and bioluminescence with optogenetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nhung T Nguyen
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guolin Ma
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji Jing
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huycke TR, Miller BM, Gill HK, Nerurkar NL, Sprinzak D, Mahadevan L, Tabin CJ. Genetic and Mechanical Regulation of Intestinal Smooth Muscle Development. Cell 2020; 179:90-105.e21. [PMID: 31539501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is enveloped by concentric and orthogonally aligned layers of smooth muscle; however, an understanding of the mechanisms by which these muscles become patterned and aligned in the embryo has been lacking. We find that Hedgehog acts through Bmp to delineate the position of the circumferentially oriented inner muscle layer, whereas localized Bmp inhibition is critical for allowing formation of the later-forming, longitudinally oriented outer layer. Because the layers form at different developmental stages, the muscle cells are exposed to unique mechanical stimuli that direct their alignments. Differential growth within the early gut tube generates residual strains that orient the first layer circumferentially, and when formed, the spontaneous contractions of this layer align the second layer longitudinally. Our data link morphogen-based patterning to mechanically controlled smooth muscle cell alignment and provide a mechanistic context for potentially understanding smooth muscle organization in a wide variety of tubular organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Huycke
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bess M Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hasreet K Gill
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nandan L Nerurkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - David Sprinzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L Mahadevan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Clifford J Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huizar F, Soundarrajan D, Paravitorghabeh R, Zartman J. Interplay between morphogen-directed positional information systems and physiological signaling. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:328-341. [PMID: 31794137 PMCID: PMC7328709 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an organism from an undifferentiated single cell into a spatially complex structure requires spatial patterning of cell fates across tissues. Positional information, proposed by Lewis Wolpert in 1969, has led to the characterization of many components involved in regulating morphogen signaling activity. However, how morphogen gradients are established, maintained, and interpreted by cells still is not fully understood. Quantitative and systems-based approaches are increasingly needed to define general biological design rules that govern positional information systems in developing organisms. This short review highlights a selective set of studies that have investigated the roles of physiological signaling in modulating and mediating morphogen-based pattern formation. Similarities between neural transmission and morphogen-based pattern formation mechanisms suggest underlying shared principles of active cell-based communication. Within larger tissues, neural networks provide directed information, via physiological signaling, that supplements positional information through diffusion. Further, mounting evidence demonstrates that physiological signaling plays a role in ensuring robustness of morphogen-based signaling. We conclude by highlighting several outstanding questions regarding the role of physiological signaling in morphogen-based pattern formation. Elucidating how physiological signaling impacts positional information is critical for understanding the close coupling of developmental and cellular processes in the context of development, disease, and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Huizar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Dharsan Soundarrajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Ramezan Paravitorghabeh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Jeremiah Zartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen MJ, Xie WY, Jiang SG, Wang XQ, Yan HC, Gao CQ. Molecular Signaling and Nutritional Regulation in the Context of Poultry Feather Growth and Regeneration. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1609. [PMID: 32038289 PMCID: PMC6985464 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal growth and regeneration of feathers is important for improving the welfare and economic value of poultry. Feather follicle stem cells are the basis for driving feather development and are regulated by various molecular signaling pathways in the feather follicle microenvironment. To date, the roles of the Wnt, Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), Notch, and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathways in the regulation of feather growth and regeneration are among the best understood. While these pathways regulate feather morphogenesis in different stages, their dysregulation results in a low feather growth rate, poor quality of plumage, and depilation. Additionally, exogenous nutrient intervention can affect the feather follicle cycle, promote the formation of the feather shaft and feather branches, preventing plumage abnormalities. This review focuses on our understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the transcriptional control of feather morphogenesis and explores the impact of nutritional factors on feather growth and regeneration in poultry. This work may help to develop novel mechanisms by which follicle stem cells can be manipulated to produce superior plumage that enhances poultry carcass quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yan Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Guang Jiang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
L-type voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel Ca V1.2 regulates chondrogenesis during limb development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21592-21601. [PMID: 31591237 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908981116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All cells, including nonexcitable cells, maintain a discrete transmembrane potential (V mem), and have the capacity to modulate V mem and respond to their own and neighbors' changes in V mem Spatiotemporal variations have been described in developing embryonic tissues and in some cases have been implicated in influencing developmental processes. Yet, how such changes in V mem are converted into intracellular inputs that in turn regulate developmental gene expression and coordinate patterned tissue formation, has remained elusive. Here we document that the V mem of limb mesenchyme switches from a hyperpolarized to depolarized state during early chondrocyte differentiation. This change in V mem increases intracellular Ca2+ signaling through Ca2+ influx, via CaV1.2, 1 of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). We find that CaV1.2 activity is essential for chondrogenesis in the developing limbs. Pharmacological inhibition by an L-type VGCC specific blocker, or limb-specific deletion of CaV1.2, down-regulates expression of genes essential for chondrocyte differentiation, including Sox9, Col2a1, and Agc1, and thus disturbs proper cartilage formation. The Ca2+-dependent transcription factor NFATc1, which is a known major transducer of intracellular Ca2+ signaling, partly rescues Sox9 expression. These data reveal instructive roles of CaV1.2 in limb development, and more generally expand our understanding of how modulation of membrane potential is used as a mechanism of developmental regulation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Bioelectrical controls of morphogenesis: from ancient mechanisms of cell coordination to biomedical opportunities. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:61-69. [PMID: 31442749 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is a cornerstone of multicellular existence. The ancient mechanism of sharing information between cells using the conductance of ions across cell membranes and the propagation of electrical signals through tissue space is a powerful means of efficiently controlling cell decisions and behaviors. Our understanding of how cells use changes in 'bioelectrical' signals to elicit systems-level responses has dramatically improved in recent years. We are now in a position to not just describe these changes, but to also predictively alter them to learn more about their importance for developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Recent work is helping researchers construct a more integrative view of how these simple controls can orchestrate downstream changes in protein signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks. In this review, we highlight experiments and analyses that have led to new insights in bioelectrical controls, specifically as key modulators of complex pattern formation and tissue regeneration. We also discuss opportunities for the development of new therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine applications by exploiting this fundamental biological phenomenon.
Collapse
|
35
|
Cervera J, Manzanares JA, Mafe S, Levin M. Synchronization of Bioelectric Oscillations in Networks of Nonexcitable Cells: From Single-Cell to Multicellular States. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:3924-3934. [PMID: 31003574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological networks use collective oscillations for information processing tasks. In particular, oscillatory membrane potentials have been observed in nonexcitable cells and bacterial communities where specific ion channel proteins contribute to the bioelectric coordination of large populations. We aim at describing theoretically the oscillatory spatiotemporal patterns that emerge at the multicellular level from the single-cell bioelectric dynamics. To this end, we focus on two key questions: (i) What single-cell properties are relevant to multicellular behavior? (ii) What properties defined at the multicellular level can allow an external control of the bioelectric dynamics? In particular, we explore the interplay between transcriptional and translational dynamics and membrane potential dynamics in a model multicellular ensemble, describe the spatiotemporal patterns that arise when the average electric potential allows groups of cells to act as a coordinated multicellular patch, and characterize the resulting synchronization phenomena. The simulations concern bioelectric networks and collective communication across different scales based on oscillatory and synchronization phenomena, thus shedding light on the physiological dynamics of a wide range of endogenous contexts across embryogenesis and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cervera
- Departament de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física , Universitat de València , E-46100 Burjassot , Spain
| | - José Antonio Manzanares
- Departament de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física , Universitat de València , E-46100 Burjassot , Spain
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Departament de Termodinàmica, Facultat de Física , Universitat de València , E-46100 Burjassot , Spain
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Department of Biology , Tufts University Medford , Massachusetts 02155-4243 , United States
| |
Collapse
|