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Detection of relativistic fermions in Weyl semimetal TaAs by magnetostriction measurements. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3868. [PMID: 35790730 PMCID: PMC9256615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thus far, a detection of the Dirac or Weyl fermions in topological semimetals remains often elusive, since in these materials conventional charge carriers exist as well. Here, measuring a field-induced length change of the prototype Weyl semimetal TaAs at low temperatures, we find that its c-axis magnetostriction amounts to relatively large values whereas the a-axis magnetostriction exhibits strong variations with changing the orientation of the applied magnetic field. It is discovered that at magnetic fields above the ultra-quantum limit, the magnetostriction of TaAs contains a linear-in-field term, which, as we show, is a hallmark of the Weyl fermions in a material. Developing a theory for the magnetostriction of noncentrosymmetric topological semimetals and applying it to TaAs, we additionally find several parameters characterizing the interaction between the relativistic fermions and elastic degrees of freedom in this semimetal. Our study shows how dilatometry can be used to unveil Weyl fermions in candidate topological semimetals. Detecting Weyl or Dirac charge carriers in topological semimetals is challenging due to the presence of their conventional counterparts. In this manuscript, the authors show that magnetostriction offers clearly distinguishable conventional and Weyl or Dirac charge carrier contributions when the latter are in their quantum limit.
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2
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Singh S, Kumar N, Roychowdhury S, Shekhar C, Felser C. Anisotropic large diamagnetism in Dirac semimetals ZrTe 5and HfTe 5. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:225802. [PMID: 35276677 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5d19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dirac semimetals, e.g., ZrTe5and HfTe5, have been widely investigated and have exhibited various exotic physical properties. Nevertheless, several properties of these compounds, including diamagnetism, are still unclear. In this study, we measured the temperature- and field-dependent diamagnetism of ZrTe5and HfTe5along all three crystallographic axes (a-,b-, andc-axis). The temperature-dependent magnetization shows an anomaly, which is a characteristic of Dirac crossing. Diamagnetic signal reaches the highest value of 17.3 × 10-4emu mol-1Oe-1along the van der Waals layers, i.e., theb-axis. However, the diamagnetism remains temperature-independent along the other two axes. The field-dependent diamagnetic signal grows linearly without any sign of saturation and maintains a large value along theb-axis. Interestingly, the observed diamagnetism is anisotropic like other physical properties of these compounds and is strongly related to the effective mass, indicating the dominating contribution of orbital diamagnetism in Dirac semimetals induced by interband effects. ZrTe5and HfTe5show one of the largest diamagnetic value among previously reported state-of-the-art topological semimetals. Our present study adds another important experimental aspect to characterize nodal crossing and search for other topological materials with large magnetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Chandra Shekhar
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Keser AC, Lyanda-Geller Y, Sushkov OP. Nonlinear Quantum Electrodynamics in Dirac Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:066402. [PMID: 35213194 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.066402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Classical electromagnetism is linear. However, fields can polarize the vacuum Dirac sea, causing quantum nonlinear electromagnetic phenomena, e.g., scattering and splitting of photons, that occur only in very strong fields found in neutron stars or heavy ion colliders. We show that strong nonlinearity arises in Dirac materials at much lower fields ∼1 T, allowing us to explore the nonperturbative, extremely high field limit of quantum electrodynamics in solids. We explain recent experiments in a unified framework and predict a new class of nonlinear magnetoelectric effects, including a magnetic enhancement of dielectric constant of insulators and a strong electric modulation of magnetization. We propose experiments and discuss the applications in novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Cem Keser
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yuli Lyanda-Geller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Oleg P Sushkov
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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4
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He Y, Gayles J, Yao M, Helm T, Reimann T, Strocov VN, Schnelle W, Nicklas M, Sun Y, Fecher GH, Felser C. Large linear non-saturating magnetoresistance and high mobility in ferromagnetic MnBi. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4576. [PMID: 34321475 PMCID: PMC8319177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A large non-saturating magnetoresistance has been observed in several nonmagnetic topological Weyl semi-metals with high mobility of charge carriers at the Fermi energy. However, ferromagnetic systems rarely display a large magnetoresistance because of localized electrons in heavy d bands with a low Fermi velocity. Here, we report a large linear non-saturating magnetoresistance and high mobility in ferromagnetic MnBi. MnBi, unlike conventional ferromagnets, exhibits a large linear non-saturating magnetoresistance of 5000% under a pulsed field of 70 T. The electrons and holes' mobilities are both 5000 cm2V-1s-1 at 2 K, which are one of the highest for ferromagnetic materials. These phenomena are due to the spin-polarised Bi 6p band's sharp dispersion with a small effective mass. Our study provides an approach to achieve high mobility in ferromagnetic systems with a high Curie temperature, which is advantageous for topological spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkun He
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jacob Gayles
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mengyu Yao
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - Toni Helm
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tommy Reimann
- Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Walter Schnelle
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Nicklas
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yan Sun
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Fecher
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Felser
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Galeski S, Ehmcke T, Wawrzyńczak R, Lozano PM, Cho K, Sharma A, Das S, Küster F, Sessi P, Brando M, Küchler R, Markou A, König M, Swekis P, Felser C, Sassa Y, Li Q, Gu G, Zimmermann MV, Ivashko O, Gorbunov DI, Zherlitsyn S, Förster T, Parkin SSP, Wosnitza J, Meng T, Gooth J. Origin of the quasi-quantized Hall effect in ZrTe 5. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3197. [PMID: 34045452 PMCID: PMC8159947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantum Hall effect (QHE) is traditionally considered to be a purely two-dimensional (2D) phenomenon. Recently, however, a three-dimensional (3D) version of the QHE was reported in the Dirac semimetal ZrTe5. It was proposed to arise from a magnetic-field-driven Fermi surface instability, transforming the original 3D electron system into a stack of 2D sheets. Here, we report thermodynamic, spectroscopic, thermoelectric and charge transport measurements on such ZrTe5 samples. The measured properties: magnetization, ultrasound propagation, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, show no signatures of a Fermi surface instability, consistent with in-field single crystal X-ray diffraction. Instead, a direct comparison of the experimental data with linear response calculations based on an effective 3D Dirac Hamiltonian suggests that the quasi-quantization of the observed Hall response emerges from the interplay of the intrinsic properties of the ZrTe5 electronic structure and its Dirac-type semi-metallic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Galeski
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany.
| | - T Ehmcke
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - R Wawrzyńczak
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - P M Lozano
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - K Cho
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - A Sharma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - S Das
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - F Küster
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - P Sessi
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - M Brando
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - R Küchler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Markou
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - M König
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Swekis
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | - Y Sassa
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Q Li
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - G Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | | | - O Ivashko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D I Gorbunov
- Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden (HLD-EMFL) and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat,, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Zherlitsyn
- Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden (HLD-EMFL) and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat,, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Förster
- Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden (HLD-EMFL) and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat,, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - S S P Parkin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - J Wosnitza
- Hochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden (HLD-EMFL) and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat,, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Meng
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Gooth
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany.
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Zhang JL, Wang CM, Guo CY, Zhu XD, Zhang Y, Yang JY, Wang YQ, Qu Z, Pi L, Lu HZ, Tian ML. Anomalous Thermoelectric Effects of ZrTe_{5} in and beyond the Quantum Limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:196602. [PMID: 31765179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.196602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric effects are more sensitive and promising probes to topological properties of emergent materials, but much less addressed compared to other physical properties. We study the thermoelectric effects of ZrTe_{5} in a magnetic field. The presence of the nontrivial electrons leads to the anomalous Nernst effect and quasilinear field dependence of thermopower below the quantum limit. In the strong-field quantum limit, both the thermopower and Nernst signal exhibit exotic peaks. At higher magnetic fields, the Nernst signal has a sign reversal at a critical field where the thermopower approaches zero. We propose that these anomalous behaviors can be attributed to the gap closing of the zeroth Landau bands in topological materials with the band inversion. Our understanding to the anomalous thermoelectric properties in ZrTe_{5} opens a new avenue for exploring Dirac physics in topological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - C M Wang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Y Guo
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - X D Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - J Y Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Y Q Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Z Qu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - L Pi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Lu
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - M L Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
- School of Physics and Materials Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui,China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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