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Pérez-Obiol A, Romero AM, Menéndez J, Rios A, García-Sáez A, Juliá-Díaz B. Nuclear shell-model simulation in digital quantum computers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12291. [PMID: 37516795 PMCID: PMC10387092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear shell model is one of the prime many-body methods to study the structure of atomic nuclei, but it is hampered by an exponential scaling on the basis size as the number of particles increases. We present a shell-model quantum circuit design strategy to find nuclear ground states by exploiting an adaptive variational quantum eigensolver algorithm. Our circuit implementation is in excellent agreement with classical shell-model simulations for a dozen of light and medium-mass nuclei, including neon and calcium isotopes. We quantify the circuit depth, width and number of gates to encode realistic shell-model wavefunctions. Our strategy also addresses explicitly energy measurements and the required number of circuits to perform them. Our simulated circuits approach the benchmark results exponentially with a polynomial scaling in quantum resources for each nucleus. This work paves the way for quantum computing shell-model studies across the nuclear chart and our quantum resource quantification may be used in configuration-interaction calculations of other fermionic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez-Obiol
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A M Romero
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Menéndez
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Rios
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A García-Sáez
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Juliá-Díaz
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Sabri H, Mobarakeh SKM, Majarshin AJ, Luo YA, Pan F. Partial dynamical symmetry versus quasi dynamical symmetry examination within a quantum chaos analyses of spectral data for even-even nuclei. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16417. [PMID: 34385530 PMCID: PMC8361110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical analyses of the spectral distributions of rotational bands in 51 deformed prolate even–even nuclei in the 152 ≤ A ≤ 250 mass region \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R_{{4_{1}^{ + } /2_{1}^{ + } }} \ge 3.00$$\end{document}R41+/21+≥3.00 are examined in terms of nearest neighbor spacing distributions. Specifically, the focus is on data for 0+, 2+, and 4+ energy levels of the ground, gamma, and beta bands. The chaotic behavior of the gamma band, especially the position of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$2_{\gamma }^{ + }$$\end{document}2γ+ band-head compared to other levels and bands, is clear. The levels are analyzed within the framework of two models, namely, a SU(3)-partial dynamical symmetry Hamiltonian and a SU(3) two-coupled quasi-dynamical symmetry Hamiltonian, with results that are further analyzed using random matrix theory. The partial and quasi dynamics both yield outcomes that are in reasonable agreement with the known experimental results. However, due to the degeneracy of the beta and gamma bands within the simplest SU(3) picture, the theory cannot be used to describe the fluctuation properties of excited bands. By changing relative weights of the different terms in the partial and quasi dynamical Hamiltonians, results are obtained that show more GOE-like statistics in the partial dynamical formalism as the strength of the pairing term is increased. Also, in the quasi-dynamical symmetry limit, more correlations are found because of the stronger couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sabri
- Department of Physics, University of Tabriz, 51664, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - A J Majarshin
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Physics, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Yan-An Luo
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Physics, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-4001, USA
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Yu P, Hutzler NR. Probing Fundamental Symmetries of Deformed Nuclei in Symmetric Top Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:023003. [PMID: 33512225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.023003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements of Schiff moments in heavy, deformed nuclei are sensitive probes of beyond standard model T, P violation in the hadronic sector. While the most stringent limits on Schiff moments to date are set with diamagnetic atoms, polar polyatomic molecules can offer higher sensitivities with unique experimental advantages. In particular, symmetric top molecular ions possess K doublets of opposite parity with especially small splittings, leading to full polarization at low fields, internal comagnetometer states useful for rejection of systematic effects, and the ability to perform sensitive searches for T, P violation using a small number of trapped ions containing heavy exotic nuclei. We consider the symmetric top cation ^{225}RaOCH_{3}^{+} as a prototypical and candidate platform for performing sensitive nuclear Schiff measurements and characterize in detail its internal structure using relativistic ab initio methods. The combination of enhancements from a deformed nucleus, large polarizability, and unique molecular structure make this molecule a promising platform to search for fundamental symmetry violation even with a single trapped ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phelan Yu
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abstract
This review presents the current status of experimental evidence for the occurrence of reflection-asymmetric or ‘pear’ shapes in atomic nuclei, which arises from the presence of strong octupole correlations in the nucleon–nucleon interactions. The behaviour of energy levels and electric octupole transition moments is reviewed, with particular emphasis on recent measurements. The relevance of nuclear pear shapes to measurements of fundamental interactions is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Butler
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
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5
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Butler PA, Gaffney LP, Spagnoletti P, Abrahams K, Bowry M, Cederkäll J, de Angelis G, De Witte H, Garrett PE, Goldkuhle A, Henrich C, Illana A, Johnston K, Joss DT, Keatings JM, Kelly NA, Komorowska M, Konki J, Kröll T, Lozano M, Nara Singh BS, O'Donnell D, Ojala J, Page RD, Pedersen LG, Raison C, Reiter P, Rodriguez JA, Rosiak D, Rothe S, Scheck M, Seidlitz M, Shneidman TM, Siebeck B, Sinclair J, Smith JF, Stryjczyk M, Van Duppen P, Vinals S, Virtanen V, Warr N, Wrzosek-Lipska K, Zielińska M. Evolution of Octupole Deformation in Radium Nuclei from Coulomb Excitation of Radioactive ^{222}Ra and ^{228}Ra Beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:042503. [PMID: 32058764 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.042503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is sparse direct experimental evidence that atomic nuclei can exhibit stable "pear" shapes arising from strong octupole correlations. In order to investigate the nature of octupole collectivity in radium isotopes, electric octupole (E3) matrix elements have been determined for transitions in ^{222,228}Ra nuclei using the method of sub-barrier, multistep Coulomb excitation. Beams of the radioactive radium isotopes were provided by the HIE-ISOLDE facility at CERN. The observed pattern of E3 matrix elements for different nuclear transitions is explained by describing ^{222}Ra as pear shaped with stable octupole deformation, while ^{228}Ra behaves like an octupole vibrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Butler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L P Gaffney
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- ISOLDE, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P Spagnoletti
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - K Abrahams
- University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - M Bowry
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
- TRIUMF, Vancouver V6T 2A3 BC, Canada
| | - J Cederkäll
- Lund University, Box 118, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - G de Angelis
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro 35020 PD, Italy
| | | | - P E Garrett
- University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - A Goldkuhle
- University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - C Henrich
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - A Illana
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro 35020 PD, Italy
| | - K Johnston
- ISOLDE, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - D T Joss
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J M Keatings
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - N A Kelly
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - M Komorowska
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
| | - J Konki
- ISOLDE, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - T Kröll
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M Lozano
- ISOLDE, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - B S Nara Singh
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - D O'Donnell
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - J Ojala
- University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, Jyvaskyla FIN-40014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - R D Page
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L G Pedersen
- University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, Oslo N-0316, Norway
| | - C Raison
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - P Reiter
- University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | | | - D Rosiak
- University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - S Rothe
- ISOLDE, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Scheck
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - M Seidlitz
- University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - T M Shneidman
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
| | - B Siebeck
- University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - J Sinclair
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - J F Smith
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - S Vinals
- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid S28040, Spain
| | - V Virtanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, Jyvaskyla FIN-40014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - N Warr
- University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - K Wrzosek-Lipska
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
| | - M Zielińska
- IRFU CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
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Butler P, Gaffney L, Spagnoletti P, Konki J, Scheck M, Smith J, Abrahams K, Bowry M, Cederkäll J, Chupp T, de Angelis G, De Witte H, Garrett P, Goldkuhle A, Henrich C, Illana A, Johnston K, Joss D, Keatings J, Kelly N, Komorowska M, Kröll T, Lozano M, Nara Singh B, O'Donnell D, Ojala J, Page R, Pedersen L, Raison C, Reiter P, Rodriguez JA, Rosiak D, Rothe S, Shneidman T, Siebeck B, Seidlitz M, Sinclair J, Stryjczyk M, Van Duppen P, Vinals S, Virtanen V, Warr N, Wrzosek-Lipska K, Zielinska M. Coulomb excitation of pear-shaped nuclei. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201922301007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large body of evidence that atomic nuclei can undergo octupole distortion and assume the shape of a pear. This phenomenon is important for measurements of electric-dipole moments of atoms, which would indicate CP violation and hence probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Isotopes of both radon and radium have been identified as candidates for such measurements. Here, we have observed the low-lying quantum states in 224Rn and 226Rn by accelerating beams of these radioactive nuclei. We show that radon isotopes undergo octupole vibrations but do not possess static pear-shapes in their ground states. We conclude that radon atoms provide less favourable conditions for the enhancement of a measurable atomic electric-dipole moment.
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