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Wang J, Chen Y, Al Khafaji MA, Svensson SJ, Yang X, Wang C, Gao H, Cisowski CM, Franke-Arnold S. Exploring the ellipticity dependency on vector helical Ince-Gaussian beams and their focusing properties. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:24497-24506. [PMID: 36237003 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical study of the intensity and polarization structure of vector helical Ince-Gaussian (VHIG) modes, which present a distinct subclass of vector Ince-Gaussian modes with defined parameter settings. The intensity profile of VHIG beams has an elliptic hollow structure, while the polarization distribution shows multiple single-charge polarization vortices arranged along a line. By selecting the mode order, phase factor and ellipticity of the VHIG beams, we can control the number of elliptic rings, the number of polarization vortices, and the topology of the vector singularity. Furthermore, we simulate the focusing properties of VHIG beams based on vector diffraction theory. Our results indicate that the ellipticity parameter of VHIG beams could be a valuable degree of freedom to generate attractive transverse profiles and longitudinal distributions under focusing, which may have implications for lithography, material processing, optical communication, and even optical trapping and manipulation.
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Zhang Q, Yin J, Yan Y, Chen S, Wei BY, Zhao S, Li M, Lei M, Lin Y, Shi F, Du J. Biocompatible Nanotomography of Tightly Focused Light. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1851-1857. [PMID: 35175061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tightly focusing a spatially modulated laser beam lays the foundations for advanced optical techniques, such as a holographic optical tweezer and deterministic super-resolution imaging. Precisely mapping the subwavelength features of those highly confined fields is critical to improving the spatial resolution, especially in highly scattering biotissues. However, current techniques characterizing focal fields are mostly limited to conditions such as under a vacuum and on a glass surface. An optical probe with low cytotoxicity and resistance to autofluorescence is the key to achieving in vivo applications. Here, we use a newly emerging quantum reference beacon, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in the nanodiamond, to characterize the focal field of the near-infrared (NIR) laser focus in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). This biocompatible background-free focal field mapping technique has the potential to optimize in vivo optical imaging and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yihao Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Sanyou Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bing-Yan Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Min Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yiheng Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fazhan Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Writing and reading with the longitudinal component of light using carbazole-containing azopolymer thin films. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3477. [PMID: 35241729 PMCID: PMC8894480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that azobenzene-containing polymers (azopolymers) are sensitive to the polarization orientation of the illuminating radiation, with the resulting photoisomerization inducing material transfer at both the meso- and macroscale. As a result, azopolymers are efficient and versatile photonic materials, for example, they are used for the fabrication of linear diffraction gratings, including subwavelength gratings, microlens arrays, and spectral filters. Here we propose to use carbazole-containing azopolymer thin films to directly visualize the longitudinal component of the incident laser beam, a crucial task for the realization of 3D structured light yet remaining experimentally challenging. We demonstrate the approach on both scalar and vectorial states of structured light, including higher-order and hybrid cylindrical vector beams. In addition to detection, our results confirm that carbazole-containing azopolymers are a powerful tool material engineering with the longitudinal component of the electric field, particularly to fabricate microstructures with unusual morphologies that differentiate from the total intensity distribution of the writing laser beam.
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Droop R, Asché E, Otte E, Denz C. Shaping light in 3d space by counter-propagation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18019. [PMID: 34504187 PMCID: PMC8429748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We extend the established transverse customization of light, in particular, amplitude, phase, and polarization modulation of the light field, and its analysis by the third, longitudinal spatial dimension, enabling the visualization of longitudinal structures in sub-wavelength (nm) range. To achieve this high-precision and three-dimensional beam shaping and detection, we propose an approach based on precise variation of indices in the superposition of higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian beams and cylindrical vector beams in a counter-propagation scheme. The superposition is analyzed experimentally by digital, holographic counter-propagation leading to stable, reversible and precise scanning of the light volume. Our findings show tailored amplitude, phase and polarization structures, adaptable in 3D space by mode indices, including sub-wavelength structural changes upon propagation, which will be of interest for advanced material machining and optical trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Droop
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 2/4, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Eric Asché
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 2/4, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Eileen Otte
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 2/4, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Denz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 2/4, 48149, Münster, Germany
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