1
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Burrow TG, Alcock NM, Huzan MS, Dunstan MA, Seed JA, Detlefs B, Glatzel P, Hunault MOJY, Bendix J, Pedersen KS, Baker ML. Determination of Uranium Central-Field Covalency with 3 d4 f Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39083620 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of metal-ligand bonding is a major challenge in actinide chemistry. We present a new experimental strategy for addressing this challenge using actinide 3d4f resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). Through a systematic study of uranium(IV) halide complexes, [UX6]2-, where X = F, Cl, or Br, we identify RIXS spectral satellites with relative energies and intensities that relate to the extent of uranium-ligand bond covalency. By analyzing the spectra in combination with ligand field density functional theory we find that the sensitivity of the satellites to the nature of metal-ligand bonding is due to the reduction of 5f interelectron repulsion and 4f-5f spin-exchange, caused by metal-ligand orbital mixing and the degree of 5f radial expansion, known as central-field covalency. Thus, this study furthers electronic structure quantification that can be obtained from 3d4f RIXS, demonstrating it as a technique for estimating actinide-ligand covalency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Burrow
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
- The University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, OX11 0DE, U.K
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nathan M Alcock
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
- The University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, OX11 0DE, U.K
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Myron S Huzan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
- The University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, OX11 0DE, U.K
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Maja A Dunstan
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Blanka Detlefs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pieter Glatzel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jesper Bendix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper S Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael L Baker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
- The University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, OX11 0DE, U.K
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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2
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Dan X, Du J, Zhang S, Seed JA, Perfetti M, Tuna F, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. Arene-, Chlorido-, and Imido-Uranium Bis- and Tris(boryloxide) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9588-9601. [PMID: 38557081 PMCID: PMC11134490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We introduce the boryloxide ligand {(HCNDipp)2BO}- (NBODipp, Dipp = 2,6-di-isopropylphenyl) to actinide chemistry. Protonolysis of [U{N(SiMe3)2}3] with 3 equiv of NBODippH produced the uranium(III) tris(boryloxide) complex [U(NBODipp)3] (1). In contrast, treatment of UCl4 with 3 equiv of NBODippK in THF at room temperature or reflux conditions produced only [U(NBODipp)2(Cl)2(THF)2] (2) with 1 equiv of NBODippK remaining unreacted. However, refluxing the mixture of 2 and unreacted NBODippK in toluene instead of THF afforded the target complex [U(NBODipp)3(Cl)(THF)] (3). Two-electron oxidation of 1 with AdN3 (Ad = 1-adamantyl) afforded the uranium(V)-imido complex [U(NBODipp)3(NAd)] (4). The solid-state structure of 1 reveals a uranium-arene bonding motif, and structural, spectroscopic, and DFT calculations all suggest modest uranium-arene δ-back-bonding with approximately equal donation into the arene π4 and π5 δ-symmetry π* molecular orbitals. Complex 4 exhibits a short uranium(V)-imido distance, and computational modeling enabled its electronic structure to be compared to related uranium-imido and uranium-oxo complexes, revealing a substantial 5f-orbital crystal field splitting and extensive mixing of 5f |ml,ms⟩ states and mj projections. Complexes 1-4 have been variously characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, IR, UV/vis/NIR, and EPR spectroscopies, SQUID magnetometry, elemental analysis, and CONDON, F-shell, DFT, NLMO, and QTAIM crystal field and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhang Dan
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Jingzhen Du
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - John A. Seed
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Mauro Perfetti
- Department
of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department
of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
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3
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Li T, Heng Y, Wang D, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. Uranium versus Thorium: A Case Study on a Base-Free Terminal Uranium Imido Metallocene. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9487-9510. [PMID: 38048266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of and bonding in two base-free terminal actinide imido metallocenes, [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2An═N(p-tolyl) (An = U (1), Th (1')) are compared and connected to their individual reactivity. While structurally rather similar, the U(IV) derivative 1 is slightly more sterically crowded. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) studies imply that the 5f orbital contribution to the bonding within the individual actinide imido An═N(p-tolyl) moieties is significantly larger for 1 than for 1', which makes the bonds between the [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U2+ and [(p-tolyl)N]2- fragments more covalent. Therefore, steric and electronic factors impact the reactivity of these imido complexes. For example, complex 1 is inert toward internal alkynes, but it readily forms Lewis base adducts [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(L) (L = OPMe3 (6), dmap (9), PhCN (14), and 2,6-Me2PhNC (17)) with Me3PO, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap), nitrile, PhCN, or isonitrile 2,6-Me2PhNC. It may also react as a nucleophile or undergo a [2 + 2] cycloaddition with CS2, isothiocyanates, thio-ketones, ketones, lactides, and acyl nitriles, forming the four- or five-membered metallaheteroacycles, terminal sulfido, or oxido complexes, and cyanide amidate complexes, respectively. In contrast, after the addition of aldehyde p-tolylCHO, the tetranuclear complex [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]4[OCH(p-tolyl)CH(p-tolyl)O]2U4O4 (10) is isolated. However, while 1 is unreactive toward dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), an equilibrium exists in benzene solution between N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1, and the four-membered metallaheterocycle [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U[N(p-tolyl)C(═NiPr)N(iPr)] (12). Furthermore, 1 may also engage in single- and two-electron transfer processes. It is singly oxidized by Ph3CN3, CuI, Ph2S2, and Ph2Se2, yielding the uranium(V) imido complexes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(X) (X = N3 (20), I (22), PhS (23), and PhSe (24)), or is doubly oxidized by organic azides (RN3) and 9-diazofluorene, forming the uranium(VI) bis-imido metallocenes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(=NR) (R = p-tolyl (18), mesityl (19)) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U=N(p-tolyl)[=NN=(9-C13H8)] (21), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Du J, Dollberg K, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, von Hänisch C, Liddle ST. f-Element Zintl Chemistry: Actinide-Mediated Dehydrocoupling of H 2Sb 1- Affords the Trithorium and Triuranium Undeca-Antimontriide Zintl Clusters [{An(Tren TIPS)} 3(μ 3-Sb 11)] (An = Th, U; Tren TIPS = {N(CH 2CH 2NSi iPr 3) 3} 3-). Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38767623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Reaction of the cesium antimonide complex [Cs(18C6)2][SbH2] (1, 18C6 = 18-crown-6 ether) with the triamidoamine actinide separated ion pairs [An(TrenTIPS)(L)][BPh4] (TrenTIPS = {N(CH2CH2NSiiPr3)3}3-; An/L = Th/DME (2Th); U/THF (2U)) affords the triactinide undeca-antimontriide Zintl clusters [{An(TrenTIPS)}3(μ3-Sb11)] (An = Th (3Th), U (3U)) by dehydrocoupling. Clusters 3Th and 3U provide two new examples of the Sb113- Zintl trianion and are unprecedented examples of molecular Sb113- being coordinated to anything since all previous reports featured isolated Sb113- Zintl trianions in separated ion quadruple formulations with noncoordinating cations. Quantum chemical calculations describe dominant ionic An-Sb interactions in 3Th and 3U, though the data suggest that the latter exhibits slightly more covalent An-Sb linkages than the former. Complexes 3Th and 3U have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR, and UV/vis/NIR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Dollberg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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5
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Lin XC, Cui YS, Xie SJ, Chen DP, Zhai DD, Shi ZJ. Jellyfish-type Dinuclear Hafnium Azido Complexes: Synthesis and Reactivity. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300659. [PMID: 37700430 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Di- and multinuclear hafnium complexes bridged by ligands have been rarely reported. In this article, a novel 3,5-disubstituted pyrazolate-bridged ligand LH5 with two [N2 N]2- -type chelating side arms was designed and synthesized, which supported a series of dinuclear hafnium complexes. Dinuclear hafnium azides [LHf2 (μ-1,1-N3 )2 (N3 )2 ][Na(THF)4 ] 3 and [LHf2 (μ-1,1-N3 )2 (N3 )2 ][Na(2,2,2-Kryptofix)] 4 were further synthesized and structurally characterized, featuring two sets of terminal and bridging azido ligands like jellyfishes. The reactivity of 3 under reduction conditions was conducted, leading to a formation of a tetranuclear hafnium imido complex [L1 Hf2 (μ1 -NH)(N3 ){μ2 -K}]2 5. DFT calculations revealed that the mixed imido azide 5 was generated via an intramolecular C-H insertion from a putative dinuclear HfIV -nitridyl intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Shu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Si-Jun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, SIOC, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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6
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Li T, Wang D, Heng Y, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Reactivity of a Lewis base-supported uranium terminal imido metallocene towards small molecules. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13618-13630. [PMID: 37698550 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The Lewis base-supported uranium terminal imido metallocene [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(dmap) (1) readily reacts with various small molecules such as internal alkynes, isothiocyanates, thioketones, amidates, organic nitriles and imines, chlorosilanes, copper iodide, diphenyl disulfide, organic azides and diazoalkane derivatives. For example, treatment of 1 with PhCCCCPh and PhNCS forms metallaheterocycles originating from a [2 + 2] cycloaddition to yield [η5-1-(p-tolyl)NC(Ph)CHCC(Ph)CH2Si(Me)2-2,4-(Me3Si)2C5H2][η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]U (2) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[N(p-tolyl)C(NPh)S](dmap) (3), respectively. The reaction of 1 with the thioketone Ph2CS forms the known uranium sulfido complex [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2US(dmap) (4), which reacts with a second molecule of Ph2CS to give the disulfido compound [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U(S2CPh2) (5). The imido moiety also promotes deprotonation reactions as illustrated in the reactions with the amide PhCONH(p-tolyl), the nitrile PhCH2CN and the imine (p-tolyl)2CNH to form the bis-amidate [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[OC(Ph)N(p-tolyl)]2 (7), and the iminato complexes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[N(p-tolyl)C(CH2Ph)NH](NCCHPh) (8) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[NH(p-tolyl)][NC(p-tolyl)2] (9), respectively. Addition of PhSiH2Cl to 1 yields [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U(Cl)[N(p-tolyl)SiH2Ph] (10). In contrast, the uranium(V) imido complexes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(I) (11) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(SPh) (12), may be isolated upon addition of CuI or Ph2S2 to 1, respectively. Uranium(VI) bis-imido metallocenes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(NR) (R = p-tolyl (13), mesityl (14)) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)[NN(9-C13H8)] (15) are accessible from 1 on exposure to RN3 (R = p-tolyl, mesityl) and 9-diazofluorene, respectively. Complexes 2, 3, 5, and 7-15 were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and, in addition, compounds 2, 3, 5, and 7-13 were structurally authenticated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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7
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Motta LC, Autschbach J. Actinide inverse trans influence versus cooperative pushing from below and multi-center bonding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4307. [PMID: 37463900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinide-ligand bonds with high multiplicities remain poorly understood. Decades ago, an effect known as 6p pushing from below (PFB) was proposed to enhance actinide covalency. A related effect-also poorly understood-is inverse trans influence (ITI). The present computational study of actinide-ligand covalent interactions with high bond multiplicities quantifies the energetic contributions from PFB and identifies a hitherto overlooked fourth bonding interaction for 2nd-row ligands in the studied organometallic systems. The latter are best described by a terminal O/N ligand exhibiting quadruple bonding interactions with the actinide. The 4th interaction may be characterized as a multi-center or charge-shift bond involving the trans ligand. It is shown in this work that the 4th bonding interaction is a manifestation of ITI, assisted by PFB, and provides a long-sought missing piece in the understanding of actinide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Motta
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
- Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543-1050, USA
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA.
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8
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Guo Y, Li X, Liu K, Hu K, Mei L, Chai Z, Gibson JK, Yu J, Shi W. Tetravalent Uranium and Thorium Complexes: Elucidating Disparate Reactivities of An IVCl 2 (An = U, Th) Supported by a Pyridine-Decorated Dianionic Ligand. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37377407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Although synthesis, reactivity, and bonding of U(IV) and Th(IV) complexes have been extensively studied, direct comparison of fully analogous compounds is rare. Herein, we report corresponding complexes 1-U and 1-Th, in which U(IV) and Th(IV) are supported by the tetradentate pyridine-decorated dianionic ligand N2NN' (1,1,1-trimethyl-N-(2-(((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)(2-((trimethylsilyl)amino)benzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)silanamine). Although 1-U and 1-Th are structurally very similar, they display disparate reactivities with TMS3SiK (tris(trimethylsilyl)silylpotassium). The reaction of (N2NN')UCl2 (1-U) and 1 equiv of TMS3SiK in THF unexpectedly formed [Cl(N2NN')U]2O (2-U) featuring an unusual bent U-O-U moiety. In contrast, a salt elimination reaction between (N2NN')ThCl2 (1-Th) and 1 equiv of TMS3SiK led to thorium complex 2-Th, in which the pyridyl group has undergone a 1,4-addition nucleophilic attack. Complex 2-Th serves as a synthon for preparing dimetallic bis-azide complex 3-Th by reaction with NaN3. The complexes were characterized by X-ray crystal diffraction, solution NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis. Computations of the formation mechanism of 2-U from 1-U suggest reduced U(III) as a key intermediate for promoting the cleavage of the C-O bonds of THF. The inaccessible nature of Th(III) as an intermediate oxidation state explains the very different reactivity of 1-Th versus 1-U. Given that reactants 1-U and 1-Th and products 2-U and 2-Th all comprise tetravalent actinides, this is an unusual case of very disparate reactivity despite no net change in the oxidation state. Complexes 2-U and 3-Th provide a basis for the synthesis of other dinuclear actinide complexes with novel reactivity and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kongqiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jipan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiqun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Keener M, Maria L, Mazzanti M. Progress in the chemistry of molecular actinide-nitride compounds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6493-6521. [PMID: 37350843 PMCID: PMC10283502 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01435e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of actinide-nitrides has witnessed significant advances in the last ten years with a large focus on uranium and a few breakthroughs with thorium. Following the early discovery of the first terminal and bridging nitride complexes, various synthetic routes to uranium nitrides have since been identified, although the range of ligands capable of stabilizing uranium nitrides still remains scarce. In particular, both terminal- and bridging-nitrides possess attractive advantages for potential reactivity, especially in light of the recent development of uranium complexes for dinitrogen reduction and functionalization. The first molecular thorium bridged-nitride complexes have also been recently identified, anticipating the possibility of expanding nitride chemistry not only to low-valent thorium, but also to the transuranic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Keener
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Leonor Maria
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa 2695-066 Bobadela Portugal
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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10
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Niklas JE, Studvick CM, Bacsa J, Popov IA, La Pierre HS. Ligand Control of Oxidation and Crystallographic Disorder in the Isolation of Hexavalent Uranium Mono-Oxo Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2304-2316. [PMID: 36668669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-valent transuranic chemistry requires robust methodologies to access and fully characterize reactive species. We have recently demonstrated that the reducing nature of imidophosphorane ligands supports the two-electron oxidation of U4+ to U6+ and established the use of this ligand to evaluate the inverse-trans-influence (ITI) in actinide metal-ligand multiple bond (MLMB) complexes. To extend this methodology and analysis to transuranic complexes, new small-scale synthetic strategies and lower-symmetry ligand derivatives are necessary to improve crystallinity and reduce crystallographic disorder. To this end, the synthesis of two new imidophosphorane ligands, [N═PtBu(pip)2]- (NPC1) and [N═PtBu(pyrr)2]- (NPC2) (pip = piperidinyl; pyrr = pyrrolidinyl), is presented, which break pseudo-C3 axes in the tetravalent complexes, U[NPC1]4 and U[NPC2]4. The reaction of these complexes with two-electron oxygen-atom-transfer reagents (N2O, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and 2,3:5,6-dibenzo-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene (dbabhNO)) yields the U6+ mono-oxo complexes U(O)[NPC1]4 and U(O)[NPC2]4. This methodology is optimized for direct translation to transuranic elements. Of the two ligands, the NPC2 framework is most suitable for facilitating detailed bonding analysis and assessment of the ITI. Theoretical evaluation of the U-(NPC) bonding confirms a substantial difference between axially and equatorially bonded N atoms, revealing markedly more covalent U-Nax interactions. The U 6d + 5f combined contribution for U-Nax is nearly double that of U-Neq, accounting for ITI shortening and increased bond order of the axial bond. Two distinct N-atom hybridizations in the pyrrolidine/piperidine rings are noted across the complexes, with approximate sp2 and sp3 configurations describing the slightly shorter P-N"planar" and slightly longer P-N"pyramidal" bonds, respectively. In all complexes, the NPC2 ligands feature more planar N atoms than NPC1, in accordance with a higher electron-donating capacity of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Niklas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Chad M Studvick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States.,Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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11
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King DM, Atkinson BE, Chatelain L, Gregson M, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, Kaltsoyannis N, Liddle ST. Uranium-nitride chemistry: uranium-uranium electronic communication mediated by nitride bridges. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8855-8864. [PMID: 35622422 PMCID: PMC9171730 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00998f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of [UIV(N3)(TrenTIPS)] (1, TrenTIPS = {N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3}3-) with excess Li resulted in the isolation of [{UIV(μ-NLi2)(TrenTIPS)}2] (2), which exhibits a diuranium(IV) 'diamond-core' dinitride motif. Over-reduction of 1 produces [UIII(TrenTIPS)] (3), and together with known [{UV(μ-NLi)(TrenTIPS)}2] (4) an overall reduction sequence 1 → 4 → 2 → 3 is proposed. Attempts to produce an odd-electron nitride from 2 resulted in the formation of [{UIV(TrenTIPS)}2(μ-NH)(μ-NLi2)Li] (5). Use of heavier alkali metals did not result in the formation of analogues of 2, emphasising the role of the high charge-to-radius-ratio of lithium stabilising the charge build up at the nitride. Variable-temperature magnetic data for 2 and 5 reveal large low-temperature magnetic moments, suggesting doubly degenerate ground states, where the effective symmetry of the strong crystal field of the nitride dominates over the spin-orbit coupled nature of the ground multiplet of uranium(IV). Spin Hamiltonian modelling of the magnetic data for 2 and 5 suggest U⋯U anti-ferromagnetic coupling of -4.1 and -3.4 cm-1, respectively. The nature of the U⋯U electronic communication was probed computationally, revealing a borderline case where the prospect of direct uranium-uranium bonding was raised, but in-depth computational analysis reveals that if any uranium-uranium bonding is present it is weak, and instead the nitride centres dominate the mediation of U⋯U electronic communication. This highlights the importance of obtaining high-level ab initio insight when probing potential actinide-actinide electronic communication and bonding in weakly coupled systems. The computational analysis highlights analogies between the 'diamond-core' dinitride of 2 and matrix-isolated binary U2N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M King
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Benjamin E Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Lucile Chatelain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Matthew Gregson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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12
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Abstract
Neptunium was the first actinide element to be artificially synthesized, yet, compared with its more famous neighbours uranium and plutonium, is less conspicuously studied. Most neptunium chemistry involves the neptunyl di(oxo)-motif, and transuranic compounds with one metal-ligand multiple bond are rare, being found only in extended-structure oxide, fluoride or oxyhalide materials. These combinations stabilize the required high oxidation states, which are otherwise challenging to realize for transuranic ions. Here we report the synthesis, isolation and characterization of a stable molecular neptunium(V)-mono(oxo) triamidoamine complex. We describe a strong Np≡O triple bond with dominant 5f-orbital contributions and σu > πu energy ordering, akin to terminal uranium-nitrides and di(oxo)-actinyls, but not the uranium-mono(oxo) triple bonds or other actinide multiple bonds reported so far. This work demonstrates that molecular high-oxidation-state transuranic complexes with a single metal-ligand bond can be stabilized and studied in isolation.
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13
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Hsueh FC, Barluzzi L, Keener M, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Reactivity of Multimetallic Thorium Nitrides Generated by Reduction of Thorium Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3222-3232. [PMID: 35138846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thorium nitrides are likely intermediates in the reported cleavage and functionalization of dinitrogen by molecular thorium complexes and are attractive compounds for the study of multiple bond formation in f-element chemistry, but only one example of thorium nitride isolable from solution was reported. Here, we show that stable multimetallic azide/nitride thorium complexes can be generated by reduction of thorium azide precursors─a route that has failed so far to produce Th nitrides. Once isolated, the thorium azide/nitride clusters, M3Th═N═Th (M = K or Cs), are stable in solutions probably due to the presence of alkali ions capping the nitride, but their synthesis requires a careful control of the reaction conditions (solvent, temperature, nature of precursor, and alkali ion). The nature of the cation plays an important role in generating a nitride product and results in large structural differences with a bent Th═N═Th moiety found in the K-bound nitride as a result of a strong K-nitride interaction and a linear arrangement in the Cs-bound nitride. Reactivity studies demonstrated the ability of Th nitrides to cleave CO in ambient conditions yielding CN-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Barluzzi
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Megan Keener
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Goodwin CAP, Janicke MT, Scott BL, Gaunt AJ. [AnI 3(THF) 4] (An = Np, Pu) Preparation Bypassing An 0 Metal Precursors: Access to Np 3+/Pu 3+ Nonaqueous and Organometallic Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20680-20696. [PMID: 34854294 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Direct comparison of homologous molecules provides a foundation from which to elucidate both subtle and patent changes in reactivity patterns, redox processes, and bonding properties across a series of elements. While trivalent molecular U chemistry is richly developed, analogous Np or Pu research has long been hindered by synthetic routes often requiring scarcely available metallic-phase source material, high-temperature solid-state reactions producing poorly soluble binary halides, or the use of pyrophoric reagents. The development of routes to nonaqueous Np3+/Pu3+ from widely available precursors can potentially transform the scope and pace of research into actinide periodicity. Here, aqueous stocks of An4+ (An = Np, Pu) are dehydrated to well-defined [AnCl4(DME)2] (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane), and then a single-step halide exchange/reduction employing Me3SiI produces [AnI3(THF)4] (THF = tetrahydrofuran) in a high to nearly quantitative crystalline yield (with I2 and Me3SiCl as easily removed byproducts). We demonstrate the synthetic utility of these An-iodide molecules, prepared by metal0-free routes, through characterization of archetypal complexes including the tris-silylamide, [Np{N(SiMe3)2}3], and bent metallocenes, [An(C5Me5)2(I)(THF)] (An = Np, Pu)─chosen because both motifs are ubiquitous in Th, U, and lanthanide research. The synthesis of [Np{N(Se═PPh2)2}3] is also reported, completing an isomorphous series that now extends from U to Am and is the first characterized Np3+-Se bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Michael T Janicke
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics & Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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15
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Evidence for ligand- and solvent-induced disproportionation of uranium(IV). Nat Commun 2021; 12:4832. [PMID: 34376682 PMCID: PMC8355312 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Disproportionation, where a chemical element converts its oxidation state to two different ones, one higher and one lower, underpins the fundamental chemistry of metal ions. The overwhelming majority of uranium disproportionations involve uranium(III) and (V), with a singular example of uranium(IV) to uranium(V/III) disproportionation known, involving a nitride to imido/triflate transformation. Here, we report a conceptually opposite disproportionation of uranium(IV)-imido complexes to uranium(V)-nitride/uranium(III)-amide mixtures. This is facilitated by benzene, but not toluene, since benzene engages in a redox reaction with the uranium(III)-amide product to give uranium(IV)-amide and reduced arene. These disproportionations occur with potassium, rubidium, and cesium counter cations, but not lithium or sodium, reflecting the stability of the corresponding alkali metal-arene by-products. This reveals an exceptional level of ligand- and solvent-control over a key thermodynamic property of uranium, and is complementary to isolobal uranium(V)-oxo disproportionations, suggesting a potentially wider prevalence possibly with broad implications for the chemistry of uranium.
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16
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Yu X, Einkauf JD, Bryantsev VS, Cheshire MC, Reinhart BJ, Autschbach J, Burns JD. Spectroscopic characterization of neptunium(VI), plutonium(VI), americium(VI) and neptunium(V) encapsulated in uranyl nitrate hexahydrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13228-13241. [PMID: 34086024 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of crystalline products resulting from the co-crystallization of Np(vi), Pu(vi), Am(vi), and Np(v) with uranyl nitrate hexahydrate (UNH) has been revealed through solid-state spectroscopic characterization via diffuse reflectance UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Density functional and multireference wavefunction calculations were performed to analyze the An(vi/v)O2(NO3)2·2H2O electronic structures and to help assign the observed transitions in the absorption spectra. EXAFS show a similar coordination between the U(VI) in UNH and Np(vi) and Pu(vi); while Am resulted in a similar coordination to Am(iii), as reduction of Am(vi) occurred prior to EXAFS data being obtained. The co-crystallization of the oxidized transuranic species-penta- and hexavalent-with UNH, represents a significant advance from not only a practical standpoint in providing an elegant solution for used nuclear fuel recycle, but also as an avenue to expand the fundamental understanding of the 5f electronic behavior in the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Einkauf
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Vyacheslav S Bryantsev
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Michael C Cheshire
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Burns
- Nuclear Engineering and Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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17
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Du J, Balázs G, Wooles AJ, Scheer M, Liddle ST. The “Hidden” Reductive [2+2+1]‐Cycloaddition Chemistry of 2‐Phosphaethynolate Revealed by Reduction of a Th‐OCP Linkage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Du
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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18
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Du J, Balázs G, Wooles AJ, Scheer M, Liddle ST. The "Hidden" Reductive [2+2+1]-Cycloaddition Chemistry of 2-Phosphaethynolate Revealed by Reduction of a Th-OCP Linkage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1197-1202. [PMID: 33051949 PMCID: PMC7839465 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The reduction chemistry of the newly emerging 2‐phosphaethynolate (OCP)− is not well explored, and many unanswered questions remain about this ligand in this context. We report that reduction of [Th(TrenTIPS)(OCP)] (2, TrenTIPS=[N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)]3−), with RbC8 via [2+2+1] cycloaddition, produces an unprecedented hexathorium complex [{Th(TrenTIPS)}6(μ‐OC2P3)2(μ‐OC2P3H)2Rb4] (5) featuring four five‐membered [C2P3] phosphorus heterocycles, which can be converted to a rare oxo complex [{Th(TrenTIPS)(μ‐ORb)}2] (6) and the known cyclometallated complex [Th{N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)2(CH2CH2SiPri2CHMeCH2)}] (4) by thermolysis; thereby, providing an unprecedented example of reductive cycloaddition reactivity in the chemistry of 2‐phosphaethynolate. This has permitted us to isolate intermediates that might normally remain unseen. We have debunked an erroneous assumption of a concerted fragmentation process for (OCP)−, rather than cycloaddition products that then decompose with [Th(TrenTIPS)O]− essentially acting as a protecting then leaving group. In contrast, when KC8 or CsC8 were used the phosphinidiide C−H bond activation product [{Th(TrenTIPS)}Th{N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)2[CH2CH2SiPri2CH(Me)CH2C(O)μ‐P]}] (3) and the oxo complex [{Th(TrenTIPS)(μ‐OCs)}2] (7) were isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Du
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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19
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Li B, Yu J, Liu K, Wu Q, Liu Q, Shi W. Research Progress of Actinide-Ligand Multiple Bonding Supported by Tripodal Ligands. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21040140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Liu K, Yu JP, Wu QY, Tao XB, Kong XH, Mei L, Hu KQ, Yuan LY, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. Rational Design of a Tripodal Ligand for U(IV): Synthesis and Characterization of a U–Cl Species and Insights into Its Reactivity. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ji-Pan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Bing Tao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-He Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kong-Qiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Yong Yuan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Windorff CJ, Sperling JM, Albrecht-Schönzart TE, Bai Z, Evans WJ, Gaiser AN, Gaunt AJ, Goodwin CAP, Hobart DE, Huffman ZK, Huh DN, Klamm BE, Poe TN, Warzecha E. A Single Small-Scale Plutonium Redox Reaction System Yields Three Crystallographically-Characterizable Organoplutonium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13301-13314. [PMID: 32910649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An approach to obtaining substantial amounts of data from a hazardous starting material that can only be obtained and handled in small quantities is demonstrated by the investigation of a single small-scale reaction of cyclooctatetraene, C8H8, with a solution obtained from the reduction of Cp'3Pu (Cp' = C5H4SiMe3) with potassium graphite. This one reaction coupled with oxidation of a product has provided single-crystal X-ray structural data on three organoplutonium compounds as well as information on redox chemistry thereby demonstrating an efficient route to new reactivity and structural information on this highly radioactive element. The crystal structures were obtained from the reduction of C8H8 by a putative Pu(II) complex, (Cp'3PuII)1-, generated in situ, to form the Pu(III) cyclooctatetraenide complex, [K(crypt)][(C8H8)2PuIII], 1-Pu, and the tetra(cyclopentadienyl) Pu(III) complex, [K(crypt)][Cp'4PuIII], 2-Pu. Oxidation of the sample of 1-Pu with Ag(I) afforded a third organoplutonium complex that has been structurally characterized for the first time, (C8H8)2PuIV, 3-Pu. Complexes 1-Pu and 3-Pu contain Pu sandwiched between parallel (C8H8)2- rings. The (Cp'4PuIII)- anion in 2-Pu features three η5-Cp' rings and one η1-Cp' ring, which is a rare example of a formal Pu-C η1-bond. In addition, this study addresses the challenge of small-scale synthesis imparted by radiological and material availability of transuranium isotopes, in particular that of pure metal samples. A route to an anhydrous Pu(III) starting material from the more readily available PuIVO2 was developed to facilitate reproducible syntheses and allow complete spectroscopic analysis of 1-Pu and 2-Pu. PuIVO2 was converted to PuIIIBr3(DME)2 (DME = CH3OCH2CH2OCH3) and subsequently PuIIIBr3(THF)x, which was used to independently synthesize 1-Pu, 2-Pu, and 3-Pu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory J Windorff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Zhuanling Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alyssa N Gaiser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Conrad A P Goodwin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - David E Hobart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Zachary K Huffman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Daniel N Huh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Bonnie E Klamm
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Todd N Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Evan Warzecha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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22
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Fichter S, Kaufmann S, Kaden P, Brunner TS, Stumpf T, Roesky PW, März J. Enantiomerically Pure Tetravalent Neptunium Amidinates: Synthesis and Characterization. Chemistry 2020; 26:8867-8870. [PMID: 32347986 PMCID: PMC7497184 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a tetravalent neptunium amidinate [NpCl((S)-PEBA)3 ] (1) ((S)-PEBA=(S,S)-N,N'-bis-(1-phenylethyl)-benzamidinate) is reported. This complex represents the first structurally characterized enantiopure transuranic compound. Reactivity studies with halide/pseudohalides yielding [NpX((S)-PEBA)3 ] (X=F (2), Br (3), N3 (4)) have shown that the chirality-at-metal is preserved for all compounds in the solid state. Furthermore, they represent an unprecedented example of a structurally characterized metal-organic Np complex featuring a Np-Br (3) bond. In addition, 4 is the only reported tetravalent transuranic azide. All compounds were additionally characterized in solution using para-magnetic NMR spectroscopy showing an expected C3 -symmetry at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fichter
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Sebastian Kaufmann
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Peter Kaden
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Tobias S. Brunner
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Juliane März
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
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Cobb PJ, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. A Uranium(VI)-Oxo-Imido Dimer Complex Derived from a Sterically Demanding Triamidoamine. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10034-10041. [PMID: 32602709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [UO2(μ-Cl)4{K(18-crown-6)}2] with [{N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3}Li3] gives [{UO(μ-NCH2CH2N[CH2CH2NSiPri3]2)}2] (1), [{(LiCl)(KCl)(18-crown-6)}2] (2), and [LiOSiPri3] (3) in a 1:2:2 ratio. The formation of the oxo-imido 1 involves the cleavage of a N-Si bond and the activation of one of the usually robust U═O bonds of uranyl(VI), resulting in the formation of uranium(VI)-imido and siloxide linkages. Notably, the uranium oxidation state remains unchanged at +6 in the starting material and product. Structural characterization suggests the dominance of a core RN═U═O group, and the dimeric formulation of 1 is supported by bridging imido linkages in a highly asymmetric U2N2 ring. Density functional theory analyses find a σ > π orbital energy ordering for the U═N and U═O bonds in 1, which is uranyl-like in nature. Complexes 1-3 were characterized variously by single crystal X-ray diffraction, multinuclear NMR, IR, Raman, and optical spectroscopies; cyclic voltammetry; and density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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24
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Palumbo CT, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Mazzanti M. C-H Bond Activation by an Isolated Dinuclear U(III)/U(IV) Nitride. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3149-3157. [PMID: 31940182 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic studies of bimetallic uranium nitride complexes with the N(SiMe3)2 ligand have generated a new nitride complex of U(III), which is highly reactive toward C-H bonds and H2. Treatment of the previously reported U(IV)/U(IV) nitride complex [Na(DME)3][((Me3Si)2N)2U(μ-N)(μ-κ2:CN̵-CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)U(N(SiMe3)2)2] (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane), 1, with 2 equiv of HNEt3BPh3 yielded the cationic U(IV)/U(IV) nitride complex, [{((Me3Si)2N)2U(THF)}2(μ-N)][BPh4] (THF = tetrahydrofuran), 3, by successive protonolysis of one N(SiMe3)2 ligand and the uranium-methylene bond. Reduction of 3 with KC8 afforded a rare example of a U(III) nitride, namely, the U(III)/U(IV) complex, [{((Me3Si)2N)2U(THF)}2(μ-N)], 4. Complex 4 is highly reactive and undergoes 1,2-addition of the C-H bond of the N(SiMe3)2 ligand across the uranium-nitride moiety to give the U(III)/U(IV) imide cyclometalate complex, [((Me3Si)2N)2(THF)U(μ-NH)(μ-κ2:C,N̵-CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)U(N(SiMe3)2))(THF)], 5. Complex 4 also reacts with toluene at -80 °C to yield an inverse sandwich imide complex arising from C-H bond activation of toluene, [{((Me3Si)2N)2U(THF)}2(μ-N)][{((Me3Si)2N)3U(μ-NH)U(N(SiMe3)2)}2(C7H8)], 6. Complex 4 effects the heterolytic cleavage of the C-H of phenylacetylene to yield the imide acetylide [{((Me3Si)2N)2U(THF)}2(μ-N)][((Me3Si)2N)2U(η1-CCPh)(μ2-NH)(μ2-η2:η1-CCPh)U(N(SiMe3)2)2], 7. Complex 4 also reacts with H2 to produce an imide hydride U(III)/U(IV) complex, [{((Me3Si)2N)2U(THF)}2(μ-NH)(μ-H)], 9. These data demonstrate that nitride complexes of U(III) are accessible with amide ligands and show the high reactivity of molecular U(III) nitrides in C-H bond activation.
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25
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Yadav M, Metta-Magaña A, Fortier S. Intra- and intermolecular interception of a photochemically generated terminal uranium nitride. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2381-2387. [PMID: 34084400 PMCID: PMC8157337 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05992j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The photochemically generated synthesis of a terminal uranium nitride species is here reported and an examination of its intra- and intermolecular chemistry is presented. Treatment of the U(iii) complex LArUI(DME) ((LAr)2− = 2,2′′-bis(Dippanilide)-p-terphenyl; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with LiNImDipp ((NImDipp)− = 1,3-bis(Dipp)-imidazolin-2-iminato) generates the sterically congested 3N-coordinate compound LArU(NImDipp) (1). Complex 1 reacts with 1 equiv. of Ph3CN3 to give the U(iv) azide LArU(N3)(NImDipp) (2). Structural analysis of 2 reveals inequivalent Nα–Nβ > Nβ–Nγ distances indicative of an activated azide moiety predisposed to N2 loss. Room-temperature photolysis of benzene solutions of 2 affords the U(iv) amide (N-LAr)U(NImDipp) (3) via intramolecular N-atom insertion into the benzylic C–H bond of a pendant isopropyl group of the (LAr)2− ligand. The formation of 3 occurs as a result of the intramolecular interception of the intermediately generated, terminal uranium nitride (LAr)U(N)(NImDipp) (3′). Evidence for the formation of 3′ is further bolstered by its intermolecular capture, accomplished by photolyzing solutions of 2 in the presence of an isocyanide or PMe3 to give (LAr)U[NCN(C6H3Me2)](NImDipp) (5) and (N,C-LAr*)U(N
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PMe3)(NImDipp) (6), respectively. These results expand upon the limited reactivity studies of terminal uranium–nitride moieties and provide new insights into their chemical properties. Photolysis of the U(iv) azide LArU(NImDipp) generates a reactive uranium nitride intermediate that can be intercepted by nucleophilic substrates – the first example of intermolecular chemistry of a rare photochemically generated uranium nitride.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Munendra Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
| | - Alejandro Metta-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
| | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
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