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Nishimura Y, Ryo E, Inoue S, Kawazu M, Ueno T, Namikawa K, Takahashi A, Ogata D, Yoshida A, Yamazaki N, Mano H, Yatabe Y, Mori T. Strategic Approach to Heterogeneity Analysis of Cutaneous Adnexal Carcinomas Using Computational Pathology and Genomics. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100229. [PMID: 37965425 PMCID: PMC10641284 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous adnexal tumors are neoplasms that arise from skin appendages. Their morphologic diversity and phenotypic variability with rare progression to malignancy make them difficult to diagnose and classify, and there is currently no established treatment strategy. To overcome these difficulties, this study investigated the transcription factor SOX9 expression, morphology, and genetics of skin adnexal tumors for understanding their biology, especially their histogenesis. We showed that cutaneous adnexal tumors and their nontumor counterparts of skin and appendages exhibit expression patterns similar to that of SOX9. Its expression intensity and pattern, as well as histopathologic evaluation of tumors, were analyzed using digital images of 69 normal skin adnexal 9-type organs and 185 skin adnexal 29-type tumors as references. It was possible to distinguish basal cell carcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, and pilomatrixoma with significant differences, along with porocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, unsupervised machine learning "computational pathology" was used to derive a multiregion whole-exome sequencing fusion method termed "genocomputed pathology." The genocomputed pathology of three representable adnexal carcinomas (porocarcinoma, hidradenocarcinoma, and spiradenocarcinoma) was evaluated for total nine cases. We showed that there was more heterogeneity than expected within the tumors as well as the coexistence of components lacking driver fusion genes. The presence or absence of potential driver genes, such as PIK3CA, YAP1, and PTEN, in each region was identified, highlighting a therapeutic strategy for cutaneous adnexal carcinoma encompassing heterogeneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Nishimura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eijitsu Ryo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawazu
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Ueno
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Namikawa
- Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Ogata
- Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamazaki
- Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Reserch Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Cytidine analogs are synthetic lethal with base excision repair default due to MBD4 deficiency. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:81. [PMID: 36323843 PMCID: PMC9630501 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations of MBD4 have been reported in subsets of various tumors. A deficiency of this DNA glycosylase, recognizing specifically T:G mismatch resulting from the deamination of methyl-cytosine, results in a hypermutated phenotype due to the accumulation of CpG>TpG transitions. Here, we hypothesize that the difference in DNA metabolism consecutive to MBD4 deficiency may result in specific cytotoxicities in MBD4-deficient tumor cells in a synthetic lethality fashion. After a large-scale drug repurposing screen, we show in two isogenic MBD4 knock-out cell models that the inactivation of MBD4 sensitizes cancer cells to cytidine analogs. We further confirm the exquisite activity of gemcitabine in an MBD4-deficient co-clinical model as (i) it completely prevented the development of an MBD4-deficient uveal melanoma patient-derived xenograft and (ii) treatment in the corresponding patient resulted in an exceptional tumor response. These data suggest that patients harboring MBD4-deficient tumors may be treated efficiently by cytidine analogs.
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Bhatt T, Dey R, Hegde A, Ketkar AA, Pulianmackal AJ, Deb AP, Rampalli S, Jamora C. Initiation of wound healing is regulated by the convergence of mechanical and epigenetic cues. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001777. [PMID: 36112666 PMCID: PMC9522318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing in the skin is a complex physiological process that is a product of a cell state transition from homeostasis to repair. Mechanical cues are increasingly being recognized as important regulators of cellular reprogramming, but the mechanism by which it is translated to changes in gene expression and ultimately cellular behavior remains largely a mystery. To probe the molecular underpinnings of this phenomenon further, we used the down-regulation of caspase-8 as a biomarker of a cell entering the wound healing program. We found that the wound-induced release of tension within the epidermis leads to the alteration of gene expression via the nuclear translocation of the DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3a). This enzyme then methylates promoters of genes that are known to be down-regulated in response to wound stimuli as well as potentially novel players in the repair program. Overall, these findings illuminate the convergence of mechanical and epigenetic signaling modules that are important regulators of the transcriptome landscape required to initiate the tissue repair process in the differentiated layers of the epidermis. Wound healing in the skin is a complex physiological process that entails a cell state transition from homeostasis to repair. This study reveals a mechanism involving nuclear translocation of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3a) that initiates the wound-healing process and is perturbed in skin diseases such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanay Bhatt
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Center for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rakesh Dey
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Center for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Akshay Hegde
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Center for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alhad Ashok Ketkar
- Center for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ajai J. Pulianmackal
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Center for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashim P. Deb
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Center for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Shravanti Rampalli
- Center for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Colin Jamora
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Center for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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4
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Saint-Ghislain M, Derrien AC, Geoffrois L, Gastaud L, Lesimple T, Negrier S, Penel N, Kurtz JE, Le Corre Y, Dutriaux C, Gardrat S, Barnhill R, Matet A, Cassoux N, Houy A, Ramtohul T, Servois V, Mariani P, Piperno-Neumann S, Stern MH, Rodrigues M. MBD4 deficiency is predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic uveal melanoma patients. Eur J Cancer 2022; 173:105-112. [PMID: 35863105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MBD4 mutations have been reported in uveal melanomas, acute myeloid leukemias, colorectal adenocarcinomas, gliomas, and spiradenocarcinomas and cause a hypermutated phenotype. Although metastatic uveal melanomas (mUM) are usually resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), the first reported MBD4-mutated (MBD4m) patient responded to ICI, suggesting that MBD4 mutation may predict response to ICI. METHODS Retrospective cohort of mUM patients treated with ICI. MBD4 was sequenced in a subset of these patients. RESULTS Three hundred mUM patients were included. Median follow-up was 17.3 months. Ten patients with an objective response and 20 cases with stable disease for >12 months were observed, corresponding to an objective response rate of 3.3% and a clinical benefit (i.e., responder patients and stable disease) rate of 10%. Of the 131 tumors sequenced for MBD4, five (3.8%) were mutated. MBD4 mutation was associated with a better objective response rate as three out of five MBD4m versus 4% of MBD4 wild-type patients responded (p < 0.001). Of these five responders, three presented progressive disease at 2.8, 13.9, and 22.3 months. Median PFS was 4.0 months in MBD4 wild-type and 22.3 months in MBD4m patients (HR = 0.22; p = 0.01). Median OS in MBD4def patients was unreached as compared to 16.6 months in MBD4pro (HR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02-0.86; log-rank p-test = 0.04; Fig. 2e). CONCLUSIONS In mUM patients, MBD4 mutation is highly predictive for the response, PFS, and overall survival benefit to ICI. MBD4 could be a tissue-agnostic biomarker and should be sequenced in mUM, and other tumor types where MBD4 mutations are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Saint-Ghislain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; INSERM U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Céline Derrien
- INSERM U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Lionnel Geoffrois
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine - Alexis Vautrin Cancer, Nancy, France.
| | - Lauris Gastaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Centre, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - Thierry Lesimple
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | | | - Nicolas Penel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille University, Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Kurtz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Yannick Le Corre
- Department of Dermatology, Angers University Hospital, UNAM, France.
| | - Caroline Dutriaux
- Dermatology Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Saint André, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Sophie Gardrat
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Raymond Barnhill
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Alexandre Matet
- Department of Ocular Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Department of Ocular Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Alexandre Houy
- INSERM U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Toulsie Ramtohul
- Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Vincent Servois
- Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Pascale Mariani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | | | - Marc-Henri Stern
- INSERM U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Manuel Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; INSERM U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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5
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Musanabaganwa C, Wani AH, Donglasan J, Fatumo S, Jansen S, Mutabaruka J, Rutembesa E, Uwineza A, Hermans EJ, Roozendaal B, Wildman DE, Mutesa L, Uddin M. Leukocyte methylomic imprints of exposure to the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda: a pilot epigenome-wide analysis. Epigenomics 2022; 14:11-25. [PMID: 34875875 PMCID: PMC8672329 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim & methods: We conducted a pilot epigenome-wide association study of women from Tutsi ethnicity exposed to the genocide while pregnant and their resulting offspring, and a comparison group of women who were pregnant at the time of the genocide but living outside of Rwanda.Results: Fifty-nine leukocyte-derived DNA samples survived quality control: 33 mothers (20 exposed, 13 unexposed) and 26 offspring (16 exposed, 10 unexposed). Twenty-four significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified in mothers and 16 in children. Conclusions:In utero genocide exposure was associated with CpGs in three of the 24 DMRs: BCOR, PRDM8 and VWDE, with higher DNA methylation in exposed versus unexposed offspring. Of note, BCOR and VWDE show significant correlation between brain and blood DNA methylation within individuals, suggesting these peripherally derived signals of genocide exposure may have relevance to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Musanabaganwa
- Centre for Human Genetics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda,Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda,Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center – Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Agaz H Wani
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Janelle Donglasan
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Segun Fatumo
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK,Uganda Medical Informatics Centre-MRC/UVRI, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Stefan Jansen
- Directorate of Research & Innovation, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jean Mutabaruka
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Eugene Rutembesa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Annette Uwineza
- Centre for Human Genetics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Erno J Hermans
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center – Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benno Roozendaal
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center – Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Derek E Wildman
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Leon Mutesa
- Centre for Human Genetics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Monica Uddin
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Author for correspondence:
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Plotzke JM, Adams DJ, Harms PW. Molecular pathology of skin adnexal tumours. Histopathology 2022; 80:166-183. [PMID: 34197659 DOI: 10.1111/his.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tumours of the cutaneous adnexa arise from, or differentiate towards, structures in normal skin such as hair follicles, sweat ducts/glands, sebaceous glands or a combination of these elements. This class of neoplasms includes benign tumours and highly aggressive carcinomas. Adnexal tumours often present as solitary sporadic lesions, but can herald the presence of an inherited tumour syndrome such as Muir-Torre syndrome, Cowden syndrome or CYLD cutaneous syndrome. In contrast to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, molecular changes in adnexal neoplasia have been poorly characterised and there are few published reviews on the current state of knowledge. METHODS AND RESULTS We reviewed findings in peer-reviewed literature on molecular investigations of cutaneous adnexal tumours published to June 2021. CONCLUSIONS Recent discoveries have revealed diverse oncogenic drivers and tumour suppressor alterations in this class of tumours, implicating pathways including Ras/MAPK, PI3K, YAP/TAZ, beta-catenin and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). These observations have identified novel markers, such as NUT for poroma and porocarcinoma and PLAG1 for mixed tumours. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview and update of the molecular findings associated with adnexal tumours of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Plotzke
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Nagy N, Dubois A, Szell M, Rajan N. Genetic Testing in CYLD Cutaneous Syndrome: An Update. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:427-444. [PMID: 34744449 PMCID: PMC8566010 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s288274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CYLD cutaneous syndrome (CCS) is an inclusive label for the inherited skin adnexal tumour syndromes Brooke–Spiegler Syndrome (BSS-OMIM 605041), familial cylindromatosis (FC – OMIM 132700) and multiple familial trichoepitheliomas (MFT-OMIM 601606). All three syndromes arise due to germline pathogenic variants in CYLD, a tumour suppressor gene (OMIM 605018). CCS is transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern, and has variable expressivity, both of the three syndromic phenotypes, and of the severity of tumour burden. Age-related penetrance figures are not precisely reported. The first tumours typically appear during puberty and progressively accumulate through adulthood. Penetrance is typically high, with equal numbers of males and females affected. Genetic testing is important for confirmation of the clinical diagnosis, genetic counselling and family planning, including preimplantation diagnosis. Additionally, identified CCS patients may be eligible for future clinical trials of non-surgical pre-emptive interventions that aim to prevent tumour growth. In this update, we review the clinical presentations of germline and mosaic CCS. An overview of the germline pathogenic variant spectrum of patients with CCS reveals more than 100 single nucleotide variants and small insertions and deletions in coding exons, most frequently resulting in predicted truncation. In addition, a minority of patients have large deletions involving the CYLD gene, intronic pathogenic variants that affect splicing, or inversions. We discuss germline and somatic testing approaches. Somatic testing of tumour tissue, relevant in mosaic CCS, can reveal recurrently detected pathogenic variants when two or more tumours are tested. This can influence genetic testing of children, who may inherit this as a germline variant, and inform genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. Finally, we discuss testing technologies that are currently used, their benefits and limitations, and future directions for genetic testing in CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Dermatological Research Group of the Eotvos Lorand Research Network, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Dubois
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Marta Szell
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Dermatological Research Group of the Eotvos Lorand Research Network, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Neil Rajan
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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8
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Cook S, Bajwa D, Hollestein L, Husain A, Rajan N. A 5-year retrospective review of skin adnexal tumours received at a tertiary dermatopathology service: Implications for linked genetic diagnoses. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:167-173. [PMID: 34388263 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin adnexal tumours (SATs) comprise a diverse range of neoplasms, which are difficult to diagnose clinically. They present in paediatric and adult populations, and may be indicative of an underlying genetic syndrome. There is a lack of recent data on the presentation of these tumours in clinical practice in European populations. OBJECTIVE To characterise the clinical and pathological features of SATs received at a single tertiary centre over a 5-year period. METHODS A retrospective health record audit of SATs received at the Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, during the period November 2012 to October 2017. RESULTS 107144 skin cases were received during the audit period. 1615 cases of SATs from 1359 patients were included; 1570 (97.2%) were benign and 45 (2.8%) were malignant. Overall, the average age at presentation was 55 years (range 11 months - 97 years) and the male to female ratio was 0.77:1. Sweat gland and hair follicle SATs were most frequently excised; in adults the most frequent tumour was hidrocystoma, and in children, pilomatrixoma. Pre-biopsy diagnosis was correct 28% of the time. Benign SATs are often markers of an associated genetic condition, warranting improved discrimination of sporadic from genetically related SATs. CONCLUSIONS SATs are difficult to diagnose clinically, and clinicopathological correlation may help enhance selection of genetically related SATs from sporadic cases. These data have implications for clinical and dermatopathological training provision, the development of reporting standards, and genetic assessment of selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cook
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Bajwa
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Husain
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - N Rajan
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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9
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Hile G, Harms PW. Update on Molecular Genetic Alterations of Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms. Surg Pathol Clin 2021; 14:251-272. [PMID: 34023104 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous adnexal tumors recapitulate follicular, sweat gland, and/or sebaceous epithelia, and range from benign tumors to aggressive carcinomas. Adnexal tumors can be hallmarks for inherited tumor syndromes. Oncogenic drivers of adnexal neoplasms modulate intracellular pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, nuclear factor κB, and Hippo intracellular signaling pathways, representing potential therapeutic targets. Malignant progression can be associated with tumor suppressor loss, especially TP53. Molecular alterations drive expression of specific diagnostic markers, such as CDX2 and LEF1 in pilomatricomas/pilomatrical carcinomas, and NUT in poromas/porocarcinomas. In these ways, improved understanding of molecular alterations promises to advance diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic possibilities for adnexal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hile
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1910 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5314, USA
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1910 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5314, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 35, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 - 2800, USA.
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10
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Bülau JE, Kreipe HH, Jessen E, von Hardenberg S, Auber B, Grohé C, Leo F. Pulmonary Cylindromas in CYLD Cutaneous Syndrome: A Rare Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Clin Lung Cancer 2021; 22:e795-e798. [PMID: 33896728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Bülau
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, ELK Thorax Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ellen Jessen
- Human Genetics, Laboratory Dr. Fenner & Kollegen, MVZ, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Auber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Grohé
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, ELK Thorax Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Leo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, ELK Thorax Center, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Wagner RN, Piñón Hofbauer J, Wally V, Kofler B, Schmuth M, De Rosa L, De Luca M, Bauer JW. Epigenetic and metabolic regulation of epidermal homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1009-1022. [PMID: 33600038 PMCID: PMC8359218 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous exposure of the skin to environmental, mechanical and chemical stress necessitates constant self‐renewal of the epidermis to maintain its barrier function. This self‐renewal ability is attributed to epidermal stem cells (EPSCs), which are long‐lived, multipotent cells located in the basal layer of the epidermis. Epidermal homeostasis – coordinated proliferation and differentiation of EPSCs – relies on fine‐tuned adaptations in gene expression which in turn are tightly associated with specific epigenetic signatures and metabolic requirements. In this review, we will briefly summarize basic concepts of EPSC biology and epigenetic regulation with relevance to epidermal homeostasis. We will highlight the intricate interplay between mitochondrial energy metabolism and epigenetic events – including miRNA‐mediated mechanisms – and discuss how the loss of epigenetic regulation and epidermal homeostasis manifests in skin disease. Discussion of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and disorders of cornification will focus on evidence for epigenetic deregulation and failure in epidermal homeostasis, including stem cell exhaustion and signs of premature ageing. We reason that the epigenetic and metabolic component of epidermal homeostasis is significant and warrants close attention. Charting epigenetic and metabolic complexities also represents an important step in the development of future systemic interventions aimed at restoring epidermal homeostasis and ameliorating disease burden in severe skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland N Wagner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura De Rosa
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Modena, Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Johann W Bauer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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12
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Davies HR, Broad KD, Onadim Z, Price EA, Zou X, Sheriff I, Karaa EK, Scheimberg I, Reddy MA, Sagoo MS, Ohnuma SI, Nik-Zainal S. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Retinoblastoma Reveals the Diversity of Rearrangements Disrupting RB1 and Uncovers a Treatment-Related Mutational Signature. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:754. [PMID: 33670346 PMCID: PMC7918943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of retinoblastoma is thought to require pathological genetic changes in both alleles of the RB1 gene. However, cases exist where RB1 mutations are undetectable, suggesting alternative pathways to malignancy. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and transcriptomics to investigate the landscape of sporadic retinoblastomas derived from twenty patients, sought RB1 and other driver mutations and investigated mutational signatures. At least one RB1 mutation was identified in all retinoblastomas, including new mutations in addition to those previously identified by clinical screening. Ten tumours carried structural rearrangements involving RB1 ranging from relatively simple to extremely complex rearrangement patterns, including a chromothripsis-like pattern in one tumour. Bilateral tumours obtained from one patient harboured conserved germline but divergent somatic RB1 mutations, indicating independent evolution. Mutational signature analysis showed predominance of signatures associated with cell division, an absence of ultraviolet-related DNA damage and a profound platinum-related mutational signature in a chemotherapy-exposed tumour. Most RB1 mutations are identifiable by clinical screening. However, the increased resolution and ability to detect otherwise elusive rearrangements by WGS have important repercussions on clinical management and advice on recurrence risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R. Davies
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (H.R.D.); (X.Z.)
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Kevin D. Broad
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Zerrin Onadim
- Retinoblastoma Genetic Screening Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1FR, UK; (Z.O.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Price
- Retinoblastoma Genetic Screening Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1FR, UK; (Z.O.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Xueqing Zou
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (H.R.D.); (X.Z.)
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Ibrahim Sheriff
- Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Trust, London E1 1FR, UK; (I.S.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Esin Kotiloğlu Karaa
- Pathology Department, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1FR, UK; (E.K.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Irene Scheimberg
- Pathology Department, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1FR, UK; (E.K.K.); (I.S.)
| | - M. Ashwin Reddy
- Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Trust, London E1 1FR, UK; (I.S.); (M.A.R.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Mandeep S. Sagoo
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
- Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Trust, London E1 1FR, UK; (I.S.); (M.A.R.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Shin-ichi Ohnuma
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (H.R.D.); (X.Z.)
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
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13
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Cavalcante BGN, Lacerda RHW, Assis IO, Bezamat M, Modesto A, Vieira AR. Talon Cusp Associates With MMP2 in a Cohort of Individuals Born With Oral Clefts. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:597-602. [PMID: 32935555 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620958569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to use dental development as a tool to subphenotype oral clefts and investigate the association of MMP2 with dentin-pulp complex anomalies, in order to identify dental anomalies that are a part of a "cleft syndrome." DESIGN Two hundred and ninety individuals born with cleft lip and palate were evaluated and several clinical features, such as cleft completeness or incompleteness, laterality, and presence of dental anomalies were used to assess each individual's cleft status. We tested for overrepresentation of MMP2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs9923304 alleles depending on individuals having certain dental anomalies. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used in all comparisons (α = .05). RESULTS All individuals studied had at least one dental anomaly outside the cleft area. Significant differences between individuals born with clefts with and without talon cusp (P = .04) were observed for the frequency of the MMP2 less common allele. CONCLUSION All individuals born with cleft lip and palate had alterations of the dentition, and a quarter to half of the individuals had alterations of the internal anatomy of their teeth, which further indicates that dental anomalies can be considered as an extended phenotype for clefts. MMP2 was associated with talon cusp in individuals born with oral clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca G N Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Dentistry and Center for Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, 123204Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Rosa Helena W Lacerda
- Graduate Program in Dentistry and Center for Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, 123204Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ionária O Assis
- Graduate Program in Dentistry and Center for Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, 123204Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bezamat
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, 6614University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adriana Modesto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, 6614University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, 6614University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, 123204Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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14
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Zhu R, Xu J, Shen J, Li W, Tan F, Li C, Wei Z, Liu Y, Bai Y. A novel large deletion of the CYLD gene causes CYLD cutaneous syndrome in a Chinese family. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1441. [PMID: 32783365 PMCID: PMC7549610 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CYLD cutaneous syndrome (CCS; syn. Brooke-Spiegler syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease characterized by multiple adnexal skin tumors including cylindromas, spiradenomas, and trichoepitheliomas. More than 100 germline mutations of the cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene have been reported in CCS and most of them are frameshift mutations or small alterations. METHODS We identified a large, three-generation Chinese family with CCS, which consisted of 18 living family members, including six affected individuals. To explore the molecular biology of this family, we carried out targeted next-generation sequencing and Affymetrix CytoScan HD SNP array to analyze the mutation in the CYLD gene. RESULTS A novel large deletion mutation, NC_000016.9:g.(50826498_50827517)_(50963389-50967346)del was found in the proband of this family. This deletion results in the loss of a nearly 140 kb fragment of the CYLD gene, spanning exons 17 ~ 20, which represent the coding regions of the ubiquitin-specific protease domain. Further quantitative polymerase chain reaction proved that all patients and two proband-related family members carried this large deletion. CONCLUSIONS Our study expands the types of mutations in CCS and will undoubtedly provide valuable information for genetic counseling for families affected by the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizheng Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenru Li
- Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changchang Li
- Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Zhichen Wei
- Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Yeqiang Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Eggeling F, Hoffmann F. Microdissection—An Essential Prerequisite for Spatial Cancer Omics. Proteomics 2020; 20:e2000077. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Eggeling
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyMALDI Imaging and Core Unit Proteome AnalysisDFG Core Unit Jena Biophotonic and Imaging Laboratory (JBIL)Jena University Hospital Am Klinikum 1 Jena 07747 Germany
| | - Franziska Hoffmann
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyMALDI Imaging and Core Unit Proteome AnalysisDFG Core Unit Jena Biophotonic and Imaging Laboratory (JBIL)Jena University Hospital Am Klinikum 1 Jena 07747 Germany
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16
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Cook S, Wilson V, Ness J, Burn J, Husain A, Rajan N. Detection of genetic tumour predisposition syndromes using electronic health records. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:949-950. [PMID: 32407560 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cook
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - V Wilson
- Molecular Diagnostics, Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Ness
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Burn
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Husain
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - N Rajan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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