1
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Qian Q, Furner CT, Li CY. Crystallization of Poly(l-lactic acid) on Water Surfaces via Controlled Solvent Evaporation and Langmuir-Blodgett Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6285-6294. [PMID: 38478723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Solvent evaporation is one of the most fundamental processes in soft matter. Structures formed via solvent evaporation are often complex yet tunable via the competition between solute diffusion and solvent evaporation time scales. This work concerns the polymer evaporative crystallization on the water surface (ECWS). The dynamic and two-dimensional (2D) nature of the water surface offers a unique way to control the crystallization pathway of polymeric materials. Using poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) as the model polymer, we demonstrate that both one-dimensional (1D) crystalline filaments and two-dimensional (2D) lamellae are formed via ECWS, in stark contrast to the 2D Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer systems as well as polymer solution crystallization. Results show that this filament-lamella biphasic structure is tunable via chemical structures such as molecular weight and processing conditions such as temperature and evaporation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carl T Furner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher Y Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Kelly MT, Zhao B. Worm-globule transition of amphiphilic pH-responsive heterografted bottlebrushes at air-water interface. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1224-1235. [PMID: 38230501 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01635h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Heterografted molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) with side chains composed of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) and pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA, pKa = 7.4) have been shown to be efficient, robust, and responsive emulsifiers. However, it remains unknown how they respond to external stimuli at interfaces. In this work, the shape-changing behavior of six hetero- and homografted MBBs at air-water interfaces in response to pH changes and lateral compression was investigated using a Langmuir-Blodgett trough and atomic force microscopy. At a surface pressure of 0.5 mN m-1, PDEAEMA-containing MBBs showed no worm-globule transitions when the pH was increased from 4.0 to 10.0, at which PDEAEMA becomes insoluble in water. Upon lateral compression at pH 4.0, MBBs with a mole fraction of PDEAEMA side chains (xPDEAEMA) < 0.50 underwent pronounced worm-globule shape transitions; there was an increasing tendency for bottlebrushes to become connected with increasing xPDEAEMA. At xPDEAEMA = 0.76, the molecules remained wormlike even at high compression. These observations were presumably caused by the increased electrostatic repulsion between protonated PDEAEMA side chains in the subphase with increasing xPDEAEMA, hindering the shape change. At pH 10.0, MBBs with xPDEAEMA < 0.50 showed a lower tendency to change their wormlike morphologies upon compression than at pH 4.0. No shape transition was observed when xPDEAEMA > 0.50, attributed to the relatively high affinity toward water and the rigidity of PDEAEMA. This study revealed the shape-changing behavior of amphiphilic pH-responsive MBBs at air-water interfaces, which could be useful for future design of multicomponent MBBs for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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3
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Nikitina EA, Dashtimoghadam E, Sheiko SS, Ivanov DA. Bottlebrush Elastomers with Crystallizable Side Chains: Monolayer-like Structure of Backbones Segregated in Intercrystalline Regions. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:296. [PMID: 38276704 PMCID: PMC10819367 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bottlebrush (BB) elastomers with water-soluble side chains and tissue-mimetic mechanical properties are promising for biomedical applications like tissue implants and drug depots. This work investigates the microstructure and phase transitions of BB elastomers with crystallizable polyethylene oxide (PEO) side chains by real-time synchrotron X-ray scattering. In the melt, the elastomers exhibit the characteristic BB peak corresponding to the backbone-to-backbone correlation. This peak is a distinct feature of BB systems and is observable in small- or medium-angle X-ray scattering curves. In the systems studied, the position of the BB peak ranges from 3.6 to 4.8 nm in BB elastomers. This variation is associated with the degree of polymerization of the polyethylene oxide (PEO) side chains, which ranges from 19 to 40. Upon crystallization of the side chains, the intensity of the peak decays linearly with crystallinity and eventually vanishes due to BB packing disordering within intercrystalline amorphous gaps. This behavior of the bottlebrush peak differs from an earlier study of BBs with poly(ε-caprolactone) side chains, explained by stronger backbone confinement in the case of PEO, a high-crystallinity polymer. Microstructural models based on 1D SAXS correlation function analysis suggest crystalline lamellae of PEO side chains separated by amorphous gaps of monolayer-like BB backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia A. Nikitina
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Erfan Dashtimoghadam
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, F-68057 Mulhouse, France
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4
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Kelly MT, Chen Z, Russell TP, Zhao B. Amphiphilic Heterografted Molecular Bottlebrushes with Tertiary Amine-Containing Side Chains as Efficient and Robust pH-Responsive Emulsifiers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315424. [PMID: 37956395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
By combining the unique characteristics of molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) and the properties of stimuli-responsive polymers, we show that MBBs with randomly grafted poly(n-butyl acrylate) and pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) side chains are efficient and robust pH-responsive emulsifiers. Water-in-toluene emulsions were formed at pH 4.0 and disrupted by increasing the pH to 10.0. The emulsion generation and disruption was reversible over the ten cycles investigated, and the bottlebrushes remained intact. The exceptional emulsion stability stemmed from the high interfacial binding energy of MBBs, imparted by their large molecular size and Janus architecture at the interface, as evidenced by the interfacial jamming and wrinkling of the assemblies upon reducing the interfacial area. At pH 10.0, PDEAEMA became water-insoluble, and the MBBs desorbed from the interface, causing de-emulsification. Consequently, we have shown that the judicious design of MBBs can generate properties of particle emulsifiers from their large size, while the responsiveness of the MBBs enables more potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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5
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Thoma JL, Little H, Duhamel J, Zhang L, Leung KT. Persistence Length of PEGMA Bottle Brushes Determined by Pyrene Excimer Fluorescence. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3958. [PMID: 37836007 PMCID: PMC10575010 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven pyrene-labeled poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)s (PyEG5-PEGnMAs) were prepared with n = 0, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 19 ethylene glycol units by copolymerizing a small amount of penta(ethylene glycol) 1-pyrenemethyl ether methacrylate with an EGnMA monomer. The conformation of the PyEG5-PEGnMA polymers evolved from a random coil for PyEG5-PEG0MA or poly(methyl methacrylate) to a polymeric bottle brush (PBB) architecture with increasing side chain length. The fluorescence decays of the PyEG5-PEGnMA samples were fitted according to the fluorescence blob model (FBM) whose parameters were used, in combination with the Kratky-Porod equation, to calculate the persistence length of these polymers. The persistence lengths obtained from the PEF experiments were found to increase with the square of the number (NS) of non-hydrogen atoms in the side chain as expected theoretically. The persistence lengths found with the PyEG5-PEGnMA samples in DMF also matched those found earlier for another series of PEGnMA samples labeled with 1-pyrenebutanol. The good agreement found between the persistence lengths obtained with the PEGnMA samples labeled with two different pyrene derivatives illustrates the robustness of the method and its applicability for measuring the unknown persistence length of polydisperse polymer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine L. Thoma
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (J.L.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Hunter Little
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (J.L.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (J.L.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (L.Z.); (K.T.L.)
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (L.Z.); (K.T.L.)
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6
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Liu S, He S, Chen C, Li C, Luo W, Zheng K, Wang J, Li Z, He H, Chen Q, Li Y. A Versatile Disorder-to-Order Technology to Upgrade Polymers into High-Performance Bioinspired Materials. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300068. [PMID: 37269485 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer as traditional material has been widely used in the medical and tissue engineering fields, but there is a great limitation as to its inferior mechanical performance for repairing load-bearing tissues. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop a novel technology to fabricate high-performance biodegradable polymers. Herein, inspired by the bone's superstructure, a versatile disorder-to-order technology (VDOT) is proposed to manufacture a high-strength and high-elastic modulus stereo-composite self-reinforced polymer fiber. The mean tensile strength (336.1 MPa) and elastic modulus (4.1 GPa) of the self-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) fiber are 5.2 and 2.1 times their counterparts of the traditional PLA fiber prepared by the existing spinning method. Moreover, the polymer fibers have the best ability of strength retention during degradation. Interestingly, the fiber tensile strength is even higher than those of bone (200 MPa) and some medical metals (e.g., Al and Mg). Based on all-polymeric raw materials, the VDOT endows bioinspired polymers with improved strength, elastic modulus, and degradation-controlled mechanical maintenance, making it a versatile update technology for the massive industrial production of high-performance biomedical polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Liu
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shicheng He
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Can Chen
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chunwang Li
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Zheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan He
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science & Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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7
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Staub MC, Yu S, Li CY. Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Crystalsomes: Tiling 1D Polymer Crystals on a Spherical Surface. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200529. [PMID: 35879644 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymer crystalsomes are a class of hollow crystalline polymer nanoparticles with shells formed by single crystals with broken translational symmetry. They have shown intriguing mechanical, thermal, and biomedical properties associated with spherical packing. Previously reported crystalsomes are formed by quasi-2D lamellae which can readily tile on a spherical surface. In this work, the formation of polymer crystalsomes formed by 1D polymer crystals is reported. Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is chosen as the model polymer because of its 1D growth habit. P3HT crystalsomes are successfully fabricated using a miniemulsion solution crystallization method, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction experiments confirm that P3HT crystallized into a Form I crystal structure. XRD, differential scanning calorimetry and UV-Vis results reveal curvature-dependent structural, thermal and electro-optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Clyde Staub
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shichen Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Yuren Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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8
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Li Z, Chen M, Chen Z, Zhu YL, Guo C, Wang H, Qin Y, Fang F, Wang D, Su C, He C, Yu X, Lu ZY, Li X. Non-equilibrium Nanoassemblies Constructed by Confined Coordination on a Polymer Chain. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22651-22661. [PMID: 36411055 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems employ non-equilibrium self-assembly to create ordered nanoarchitectures with sophisticated functions. However, it is challenging to construct artificial non-equilibrium nanoassemblies due to lack of control over assembly dynamics and kinetics. Herein, we design a series of linear polymers with different side groups for further coordination-driven self-assembly based on shape-complementarity. Such a design introduces a main-chain confinement which effectively slows down the assembly process of side groups, thus allowing us to monitor the real-time evolution of lychee-like nanostructures. The function related to the non-equilibrium nature is further explored by performing photothermal conversion study. The ability to observe and capture non-equilibrium states in this supramolecular system will enhance our understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic features as well as functions of living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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9
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Singh A, Agarwal A, Chakraborty A, Bhardwaj R, Sutradhar S, Kumar Mittal A, Kumar Rajput S, Gupta M, Ray D, Mukherjee M. Click chemistry tailored benzimidazole functionalized triazole block-co-polymer for emergence of exotic chimaeric nano-crystalsomes. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Staub MC, Kim S, Yu S, Li CY. Porous Crystalsomes via Emulsion Crystallization and Polymer Phase Separation. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1022-1027. [PMID: 35901196 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crystalsomes are crystalline capsules that are formed by controlling polymer crystallization to break translational symmetry. While recent studies showed that these crystalline capsules exhibit interesting mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and excellent performance in blood circulation, the closed capsule is undesired for drug delivery applications. We report the formation and characterization of porous crystalsomes where porosity is rendered on the crystalline shells. A miniemulsion is formed using two amphiphilic block copolymers (BCP). The competition between controlled crystallization and phase separation of the BCPs at the emulsion surface leads to multiphase crystalsomes. Subsequently removing one BCP produces porous crystalline capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Staub
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Seyong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shichen Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher Y Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Kelly MT, Kent EW, Zhao B. Stepwise Conformational Transitions of Stimuli-Responsive Linear Ternary Heterografted Bottlebrush Polymers in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ethan W. Kent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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12
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Huang J, Shi M, Liang H, Lu J. An efficient O-phthalaldehyde-amine coupling reaction for the synthesis of a bottlebrush polymer under physiological conditions. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A robust method for the preparation of a bottlebrush polymer under physiological buffer conditions was developed via the combination of a grafting onto strategy and an o-phthalaldehyde-amine coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Resin-Based Composites, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Mao Shi
- Anglee Beauty Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Resin-Based Composites, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Resin-Based Composites, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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13
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Su Y, Lu H, Li Q, Shao Z, Wang S, Quan Y, Zeng Y, Zheng Y. Driving co-precipitation of hydrophobic drugs in water by conjugating alkyl chains. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Lewoczko EM, Kelly MT, Kent EW, Zhao B. Effects of temperature on chaotropic anion-induced shape transitions of star molecular bottlebrushes with heterografted poly(ethylene oxide) and poly( N, N-dialkylaminoethyl methacrylate) side chains in acidic water. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6566-6579. [PMID: 34151928 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a study of the effects of temperature on chaotropic anion (CA)-induced star-globule shape transitions in acidic water of three-arm star bottlebrushes composed of heterografted poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and either poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) or poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) (the brushes denoted as SMB-11 and -22, respectively). The brush polymers were synthesized by grafting alkyne-end-functionalized PEO and PDMAEMA or PDEAEMA onto an azide-bearing three-arm star backbone polymer using the copper(i)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction. Six anions were studied for their effects on the conformations of SMB-11 and -22 in acidic water: super CAs [Fe(CN)6]3- and [Fe(CN)6]4-, moderate CAs PF6- and ClO4-, weak CA I-, and for comparison, kosmotropic anion SO42-. At 25 °C, the addition of super and moderate CAs induced shape transitions of SMB-11 and -22 in pH 4.50 water from a starlike to a collapsed globular state stabilized by PEO side chains, which was driven by the ion pairing of protonated tertiary amine groups with CAs and the chaotropic effect. The shape changes occurred at much lower salt concentrations for super CAs than moderate CAs. Upon heating from near room temperature to 70 °C, the super CA-collapsed brushes remained in the globular state, whereas the moderate CA-collapsed brushes underwent reversible globule-to-star shape transitions. The transition temperature increased with increasing salt concentration and was found to be higher for SMB-22 at the same salt concentration, presumably caused by the chaotropic effect. In contrast, I- and SO42- had small effects on the conformations of SMB-11 and -22 at 25 °C in the studied salt concentration range, and only small and gradual size variations were observed upon heating to 70 °C. The results reported here may have potential uses in the design of stimuli-responsive systems for substance encapsulation and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Lewoczko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Ethan W Kent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs), composed of relatively short polymeric side chains densely grafted on a polymer backbone, exhibit many unique characteristics and hold promise for a variety of applications. This Perspective focuses on environmentally induced shape-changing behavior of BBPs at interface and in solution, particularly worm/star-globule shape transitions. While BBPs with a single type of homopolymer or random copolymer side chains have been shown to undergo pronounced worm-to-globule shape changes in response to external stimuli, the collapsed brushes are unstable and prone to aggregation. By introducing a second, solvophilic polymer into the side chains, either as a distinct type of side chain or as the outer block of block copolymer side chains, the collapsed brushes not only are stabilized but also create unimolecular micellar nanostructures, which can be used for, e.g., encapsulation and delivery of substances. The current challenges in the design, synthesis, and characterization of stimuli-responsive shape-changing BBPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Kent EW, Lewoczko EM, Zhao B. pH- and chaotropic anion-induced conformational changes of tertiary amine-containing binary heterografted star molecular bottlebrushes in aqueous solution. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-arm star-shaped, tertiary-amine-containing bottlebrushes exhibit star-globule shape transitions in response to pH changes and addition of sufficiently strong chaotropic anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan W. Kent
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | | | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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Staub MC, Li R, Fukuto M, Li CY. Confined Crystal Melting in Edgeless Poly(l-lactic acid) Crystalsomes. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1773-1778. [PMID: 35653681 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymer single crystals tend to be quasi two-dimensional (2D) lamellae and their small lateral surfaces are the starting points of lamella melting and thickening. However, the recently discovered crystalsomes, which are defined for hollow single crystal-like spherical shells, are edgeless, self-confined, and incommensurate with translational symmetry. This work concerns the structure and melting behavior of these edgeless crystalsomes. Poly(l-lactic acid) crystalsomes were grown using a miniemulsion solution crystallization method. Differential scanning calorimetry and in situ wide-angle X-ray diffraction were used to follow the structural evolution of the crystalsomes upon heating. Our results demonstrated that the structure and melting behavior of crystalsomes are curvature-dependent and significantly different from their flat crystal counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Staub
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Christopher Y. Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Kent EW, Lewoczko EM, Zhao B. Effect of Buffer Anions on Pearl-Necklace Morphology of Tertiary Amine-Containing Binary Heterografted Linear Molecular Bottlebrushes in Acidic Aqueous Buffers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13320-13330. [PMID: 33135416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular bottlebrushes can exhibit a multitude of distinct conformations under different conditions, and precise control of their morphology can facilitate better use of such materials in potential applications. Herein, we report a study on the effect of buffer anions on the pearl-necklace morphology of linear binary heterografted molecular brushes consisting of pH-responsive poly(2-N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) with a pKa of 7.40 and thermoresponsive poly(ethoxydi(ethylene glycol) acrylate) (PDEGEA) with a lower critical solution temperature of 9 °C as side chains in various acidic aqueous buffers at 0 °C. The molecular brushes, denotated as BMB, were prepared by a grafting-to approach using copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Dynamic light scattering studies showed that the apparent hydrodynamic size of BMB in aqueous buffers with a pH of 6.50 at 1 °C decreased with increasing valency of buffer anions, from acetate anions with a charge of 1-, to phosphate anions carrying charges of 2- and 1- and citrate anions bearing charges of 3- and 2- at pH = 6.50. Atomic force microscopy revealed that BMB exhibited a pearl-necklace morphology from all three aqueous buffers with a pH of 6.50 when spin-cast at 0 °C. Analysis of AFM images showed that the average length of BMB and the number of beads per brush molecule decreased with increasing valency of buffer anions while the size and height of the beads increased. The pearl-necklace morphology of BMB was believed to be the result of microphase separation of the neutral PDEGEA and the charged PDEAEMA side chains along the brush backbone. Multivalent kosmotropic buffer anions formed bridging linkages between protonated tertiary amine moieties and thus "crosslinked" the charged PDEAEMA side chains, resulting in the shrinkage of BMB and enhanced microphase separation of two side chain polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan W Kent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Evan M Lewoczko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Miao C, Zhu X, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Rational design of nonlinear crystalline-amorphous-responsive terpolymers for pH-guided fabrication of 0D–3D nano-objects. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization/pH-induced self-assembly of starlike and tadpole-linear terpolymers allowed the formation of 0D spheres/vesicles, 1D cylinders, 2D platelets/nanosheets and 3D tadpoles/dendritic vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Miao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Jian Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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