1
|
Shi H, Zhang X, Ge P, Meliopoulos V, Freiden P, Livingston B, Schultz-Cherry S, Ross TM. Inactivated influenza virus vaccines expressing COBRA hemagglutinin elicited broadly reactive, long-lived protective antibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2356269. [PMID: 38826029 PMCID: PMC11152115 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2356269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The influenza viruses cause seasonal respiratory illness that affect millions of people globally every year. Prophylactic vaccines are the recommended method to prevent the breakout of influenza epidemics. One of the current commercial influenza vaccines consists of inactivated viruses that are selected months prior to the start of a new influenza season. In many seasons, the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of these vaccines can be relatively low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an improved, more universal influenza vaccine (UIV) that can provide broad protection against various drifted strains in all age groups. To meet this need, the computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology was developed to design a hemagglutinin (HA) molecule as a new influenza vaccine. In this study, COBRA HA-based inactivated influenza viruses (IIV) expressing the COBRA HA from H1 or H3 influenza viruses were developed and characterized for the elicitation of immediate and long-term protective immunity in both immunologically naïve or influenza pre-immune animal models. These results were compared to animals vaccinated with IIV vaccines expressing wild-type H1 or H3 HA proteins (WT-IIV). The COBRA-IIV elicited long-lasting broadly reactive antibodies that had hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) activity against drifted influenza variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Pan Ge
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pam Freiden
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brandi Livingston
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boyce TG, Levine MZ, McClure DL, King JP, Flannery B, Nguyen HQ, Belongia EA. Antibody response to sequential vaccination with cell culture, recombinant, or egg-based influenza vaccines among U.S. adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2370087. [PMID: 38982712 PMCID: PMC11238913 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2370087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response to inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) is influenced by multiple factors, including hemagglutinin content and egg-based manufacturing. Only two US-licensed vaccines are manufactured without egg passage: cell culture-based inactivated vaccine (ccIIV) and recombinant vaccine (RIV). We conducted a randomized open-label trial in central Wisconsin during the 2018-19 and 2019-20 seasons to compare immunogenicity of sequential vaccination. Participants 18-64 years old were randomized 1:1:1 to receive RIV, ccIIV or IIV in strata defined by number of influenza vaccine doses in the prior 3 years. They were revaccinated with the same product in year two. Paired serum samples were tested by hemagglutination inhibition against egg-adapted and cell-grown vaccine viruses. Serologic endpoints included geometric mean titer (GMT), mean fold rise, and percent seroconversion. There were 373 participants randomized and vaccinated in 2018-19; 332 were revaccinated in 2019-20. In 2018-19, RIV and ccIIV were not more immunogenic than IIV against A/H1N1. The post-vaccination GMT against the cell-grown 3C.2a A/H3N2 vaccine virus was higher for RIV vs IIV (p = .001) and RIV vs ccIIV (p = .001). The antibody response to influenza B viruses was similar across study arms. In 2019-20, GMT against the cell-grown 3C.3a A/H3N2 vaccine virus was higher for RIV vs IIV (p = .03) and for RIV vs ccIIV (p = .001). RIV revaccination generated significantly greater backboosting to the antigenically distinct 3C.2a A/H3N2 virus (2018-19 vaccine strain) compared to ccIIV or IIV. This study adds to the evidence that RIV elicits a superior immunologic response against A/H3N2 viruses compared to other licensed influenza vaccine products.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Young Adult
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Female
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Adolescent
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Wisconsin
- Vaccination/methods
- Influenza B virus/immunology
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Cell Culture Techniques
- United States
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Immunization, Secondary/methods
- Eggs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Boyce
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David L McClure
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer P King
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Huong Q Nguyen
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Edward A Belongia
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Welsh FC, Eguia RT, Lee JM, Haddox HK, Galloway J, Van Vinh Chau N, Loes AN, Huddleston J, Yu TC, Quynh Le M, Nhat NTD, Thi Le Thanh N, Greninger AL, Chu HY, Englund JA, Bedford T, Matsen FA, Boni MF, Bloom JD. Age-dependent heterogeneity in the antigenic effects of mutations to influenza hemagglutinin. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:1397-1411.e11. [PMID: 39032493 PMCID: PMC11329357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Human influenza virus evolves to escape neutralization by polyclonal antibodies. However, we have a limited understanding of how the antigenic effects of viral mutations vary across the human population and how this heterogeneity affects virus evolution. Here, we use deep mutational scanning to map how mutations to the hemagglutinin (HA) proteins of two H3N2 strains, A/Hong Kong/45/2019 and A/Perth/16/2009, affect neutralization by serum from individuals of a variety of ages. The effects of HA mutations on serum neutralization differ across age groups in ways that can be partially rationalized in terms of exposure histories. Mutations that were fixed in influenza variants after 2020 cause greater escape from sera from younger individuals compared with adults. Overall, these results demonstrate that influenza faces distinct antigenic selection regimes from different age groups and suggest approaches to understand how this heterogeneous selection shapes viral evolution.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Mutation
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Age Factors
- Middle Aged
- Young Adult
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Adolescent
- Evolution, Molecular
- Aged
- Child
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Welsh
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachel T Eguia
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Juhye M Lee
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hugh K Haddox
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jared Galloway
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nguyen Van Vinh Chau
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Andrea N Loes
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John Huddleston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Timothy C Yu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mai Quynh Le
- National Institutes for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen T D Nhat
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nguyen Thi Le Thanh
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Frederick A Matsen
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Maciej F Boni
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lei R, Liang W, Ouyang WO, Hernandez Garcia A, Kikuchi C, Wang S, McBride R, Tan TJC, Sun Y, Chen C, Graham CS, Rodriguez LA, Shen IR, Choi D, Bruzzone R, Paulson JC, Nair SK, Mok CKP, Wu NC. Epistasis mediates the evolution of the receptor binding mode in recent human H3N2 hemagglutinin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5175. [PMID: 38890325 PMCID: PMC11189414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The receptor-binding site of influenza A virus hemagglutinin partially overlaps with major antigenic sites and constantly evolves. In this study, we observe that mutations G186D and D190N in the hemagglutinin receptor-binding site have coevolved in two recent human H3N2 clades. X-ray crystallography results show that these mutations coordinately drive the evolution of the hemagglutinin receptor binding mode. Epistasis between G186D and D190N is further demonstrated by glycan binding and thermostability analyses. Immunization and neutralization experiments using mouse and human samples indicate that the evolution of receptor binding mode is accompanied by a change in antigenicity. Besides, combinatorial mutagenesis reveals that G186D and D190N, along with other natural mutations in recent H3N2 strains, alter the compatibility with a common egg-adaptive mutation in seasonal influenza vaccines. Overall, our findings elucidate the role of epistasis in shaping the recent evolution of human H3N2 hemagglutinin and substantiate the high evolvability of its receptor-binding mode.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/metabolism
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Epistasis, Genetic
- Animals
- Evolution, Molecular
- Mice
- Binding Sites
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mutation
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Influenza Vaccines
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Female
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Lei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Weiwen Liang
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenhao O Ouyang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Chika Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shengyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ryan McBride
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Timothy J C Tan
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yuanxin Sun
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunke Chen
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Claire S Graham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Lucia A Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ivana R Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Danbi Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Roberto Bruzzone
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Cedex, 75015, France
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Satish K Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Chris K P Mok
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- S.H. Ho Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cowling BJ, Wong SS, Santos JJS, Touyon L, Ort J, Ye N, Kwok NKM, Ho F, Cheng SMS, Ip DKM, Peiris M, Webby RJ, Wilson PC, Valkenburg SA, Tsang JS, Leung NHL, Hensley SE, Cobey S. Preliminary findings from the Dynamics of the Immune Responses to Repeat Influenza Vaccination Exposures (DRIVE I) Study: a Randomized Controlled Trial. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.16.24307455. [PMID: 38798684 PMCID: PMC11118649 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.24307455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Studies have reported that repeated annual vaccination may influence the effectiveness of the influenza vaccination in the current season. The mechanisms underlying these differences are unclear but might include "focusing" of the adaptive immune response to older strains. Methods We established a 5-year randomized placebo-controlled trial of repeated influenza vaccination (Flublok, Sanofi Pasteur) in adults 18-45 years of age. Participants were randomized equally between five groups, with planned annual receipt of vaccination (V) or saline placebo (P) as follows: P-P-P-P-V, P-P-P-V-V, P-P-V-V-V, P-V-V-V-V, or V-V-V-VV. Serum samples were collected each year just before vaccination and after 30 and 182 days. A subset of sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition assays, focus reduction neutralization tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays against vaccine strains. Results From 23 October 2020 through 11 March 2021 we enrolled and randomized 447 adults. We selected sera from 95 participants at five timepoints from the first two study years for testing. Among vaccinated individuals, antibody titers increased between days 0 and 30 against each of the vaccine strains, with substantial increases for first-time vaccinees and smaller increases for repeat vaccinees, who had higher pre-vaccination titers in year 2. There were statistically significant reductions in the proportion of participants achieving a four-fold greater rise in antibody titer for the repeat vaccinees for A(H1N1), B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, but not for influenza A(H3N2). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in geometric mean titers at day 30 or the proportions of participants with antibody titers ≥40 at day 30 for any of the vaccine strains. Conclusions In the first two years, repeat vaccinees and first-time vaccinees had similar post-vaccination geometric mean titers to all four vaccine strains, indicative of similar levels of clinical protection. The vaccine strains of A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) were updated in year 2, providing an opportunity to explore antigenic distances between those strains in humans in subsequent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sook-San Wong
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jefferson J. S. Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lisa Touyon
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jordan Ort
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Naiqing Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Natalie K. M. Kwok
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Faith Ho
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Samuel M. S. Cheng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dennis K. M. Ip
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Malik Peiris
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Patrick C. Wilson
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Sophie A. Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John S. Tsang
- Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Nancy H. L. Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sarah Cobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Unione L, Ammerlaan ANA, Bosman GP, Uslu E, Liang R, Broszeit F, van der Woude R, Liu Y, Ma S, Liu L, Gómez-Redondo M, Bermejo IA, Valverde P, Diercks T, Ardá A, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Probing altered receptor specificities of antigenically drifting human H3N2 viruses by chemoenzymatic synthesis, NMR, and modeling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2979. [PMID: 38582892 PMCID: PMC10998905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Prototypic receptors for human influenza viruses are N-glycans carrying α2,6-linked sialosides. Due to immune pressure, A/H3N2 influenza viruses have emerged with altered receptor specificities that bind α2,6-linked sialosides presented on extended N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) chains. Here, binding modes of such drifted hemagglutinin's (HAs) are examined by chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-glycans having 13C-labeled monosaccharides at strategic positions. The labeled glycans are employed in 2D STD-1H by 13C-HSQC NMR experiments to pinpoint which monosaccharides of the extended LacNAc chain engage with evolutionarily distinct HAs. The NMR data in combination with computation and mutagenesis demonstrate that mutations distal to the receptor binding domain of recent HAs create an extended binding site that accommodates with the extended LacNAc chain. A fluorine containing sialoside is used as NMR probe to derive relative binding affinities and confirms the contribution of the extended LacNAc chain for binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Unione
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Euskadi Plaza 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Augustinus N A Ammerlaan
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerlof P Bosman
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elif Uslu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruonan Liang
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Broszeit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roosmarijn van der Woude
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shengzhou Ma
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Marcos Gómez-Redondo
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iris A Bermejo
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pablo Valverde
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Tammo Diercks
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Euskadi Plaza 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Allen JD, Ross TM. mRNA vaccines encoding computationally optimized hemagglutinin elicit protective antibodies against future antigenically drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses isolated between 2018-2020. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334670. [PMID: 38533508 PMCID: PMC10963417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The implementation of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has successfully validated the safety and efficacy of the platform, while at the same time revealing the potential for their applications against other infectious diseases. Traditional seasonal influenza vaccines often induce strain specific antibody responses that offer limited protection against antigenically drifted viruses, leading to reduced vaccine efficacy. Modern advances in viral surveillance and sequencing have led to the development of in-silico methodologies for generating computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRAs) to improve seasonal influenza vaccines. Methods In this study, immunologically naïve mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with mRNA encoding H1 and H3 COBRA hemagglutinins (HA) or wild-type (WT) influenza HAs encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Results Mice vaccinated with H1 and H3 COBRA HA-encoding mRNA vaccines generated robust neutralizing serum antibody responses against more antigenically distinct contemporary and future drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains than those vaccinated with WT H1 and H3 HA-encoding mRNA vaccines. The H1 and H3 COBRA HA-encoding mRNA vaccines also prevented influenza illness, including severe disease in the mouse model against H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Conclusions This study highlights the potential benefits of combining universal influenza antigen design technology with modern vaccine delivery platforms and exhibits how these vaccines can be advantageous over traditional WT vaccine antigens at eliciting superior protective antibody responses against a broader number of influenza virus isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Allen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, United States
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Welsh FC, Eguia RT, Lee JM, Haddox HK, Galloway J, Chau NVV, Loes AN, Huddleston J, Yu TC, Le MQ, Nhat NTD, Thanh NTL, Greninger AL, Chu HY, Englund JA, Bedford T, Matsen FA, Boni MF, Bloom JD. Age-dependent heterogeneity in the antigenic effects of mutations to influenza hemagglutinin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.571235. [PMID: 38168237 PMCID: PMC10760046 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Human influenza virus evolves to escape neutralization by polyclonal antibodies. However, we have a limited understanding of how the antigenic effects of viral mutations vary across the human population, and how this heterogeneity affects virus evolution. Here we use deep mutational scanning to map how mutations to the hemagglutinin (HA) proteins of the A/Hong Kong/45/2019 (H3N2) and A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2) strains affect neutralization by serum from individuals of a variety of ages. The effects of HA mutations on serum neutralization differ across age groups in ways that can be partially rationalized in terms of exposure histories. Mutations that fixed in influenza variants after 2020 cause the greatest escape from sera from younger individuals. Overall, these results demonstrate that influenza faces distinct antigenic selection regimes from different age groups, and suggest approaches to understand how this heterogeneous selection shapes viral evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Welsh
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rachel T Eguia
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Juhye M Lee
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Hugh K Haddox
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jared Galloway
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nguyen Van Vinh Chau
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Andrea N Loes
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - John Huddleston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Timothy C Yu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, and Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Mai Quynh Le
- National Institutes for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen T D Nhat
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nguyen Thi Le Thanh
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Frederick A Matsen
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Maciej F Boni
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han AX, de Jong SPJ, Russell CA. Co-evolution of immunity and seasonal influenza viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:805-817. [PMID: 37532870 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza viruses cause recurring global epidemics by continually evolving to escape host immunity. The viral constraints and host immune responses that limit and drive the evolution of these viruses are increasingly well understood. However, it remains unclear how most of these advances improve the capacity to reduce the impact of seasonal influenza viruses on human health. In this Review, we synthesize recent progress made in understanding the interplay between the evolution of immunity induced by previous infections or vaccination and the evolution of seasonal influenza viruses driven by the heterogeneous accumulation of antibody-mediated immunity in humans. We discuss the functional constraints that limit the evolution of the viruses, the within-host evolutionary processes that drive the emergence of new virus variants, as well as current and prospective options for influenza virus control, including the viral and immunological barriers that must be overcome to improve the effectiveness of vaccines and antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin X Han
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P J de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin A Russell
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Asatryan MN, Timofeev BI, Shmyr IS, Khachatryan KR, Shcherbinin DN, Timofeeva TA, Gerasimuk ER, Agasaryan VG, Ershov IF, Shashkova TI, Kardymon OL, Ivanisenko NV, Semenenko TA, Naroditsky BS, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. [Mathematical model for assessing the level of cross-immunity between strains of influenza virus subtype H 3N 2]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:252-264. [PMID: 37436416 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The WHO regularly updates influenza vaccine recommendations to maximize their match with circulating strains. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the influenza A vaccine, specifically its H3N2 component, has been low for several seasons. The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model of cross-immunity based on the array of published WHO hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) data. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a mathematical model was proposed, based on finding, using regression analysis, the dependence of HAI titers on substitutions in antigenic sites of sequences. The computer program we developed can process data (GISAID, NCBI, etc.) and create real-time databases according to the set tasks. RESULTS Based on our research, an additional antigenic site F was identified. The difference in 1.6 times the adjusted R2, on subsets of viruses grown in cell culture and grown in chicken embryos, demonstrates the validity of our decision to divide the original data array by passage histories. We have introduced the concept of a degree of homology between two arbitrary strains, which takes the value of a function depending on the Hamming distance, and it has been shown that the regression results significantly depend on the choice of function. The provided analysis showed that the most significant antigenic sites are A, B, and E. The obtained results on predicted HAI titers showed a good enough result, comparable to similar work by our colleagues. CONCLUSION The proposed method could serve as a useful tool for future forecasts, with further study to confirm its sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N Asatryan
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | - B I Timofeev
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | - I S Shmyr
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | | | - D N Shcherbinin
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | - T A Timofeeva
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | | | - V G Agasaryan
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | - I F Ershov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | | | | | | | - T A Semenenko
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | - B S Naroditsky
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | - D Y Logunov
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | - A L Gintsburg
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jurkowicz M, Nemet I, Atari N, Fratty IS, Kliker L, Sherbany H, Keller N, Leibovitz E, Mendelson E, Mandelboim M, Stein M. Cocirculation of A(H3N2) and B/Victoria increased morbidity in hospitalized patients in the 2019-2020 A(H1N1)pdm09 predominant influenza season in Israel. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28498. [PMID: 36653733 PMCID: PMC10107483 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Community surveillance found the 2019-2020 A(H1N1)pdm09 predominant influenza season in Israel to be a high-intensity season with an early and steep morbidity peak. To further characterize disease severity in the 2019-2020 season, we analyzed a cohort of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza from this season (n = 636). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed on clinical samples to detect the presence of influenza. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were retrieved via electronic health records and MDClone. Electronic health records were accessed to obtain data on intensive care unit patients, missing data and for data verification purposes. Univariate analysis was performed to compare demographic, comorbidity, and clinical characteristics across the three influenza strains. The A(H1N1)pdm09 predominant 2019-2020 influenza season in Israel was characterized by an early and steep morbidity peak, vaccine delays and shortages, and with the A(H3N2) and B/Victoria strains disproportionately targeting children and young adults, most probably due to reduced immunity to these strains. A greater proportion of children <5 years infected with A(H3N2) and B/Victoria developed severe influenza compared with those infected with A(H1N1)pdm09. Our study emphasizes the vulnerability of infants and young children in the face of rapidly evolving influenza strains and underscores the importance of influenza prevention measures in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menucha Jurkowicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ilana S Fratty
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hilda Sherbany
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Eugene Leibovitz
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Stein
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hernández-Hernández VA, Higuera-Iglesias AL, Palma-Cortes G, Tapia-Trejo D, Ávila-Ríos S, González-Fernández RR, Pérez-Moreno LÁ, Zuñiga-Ramos JA, Guadarrama-Pérez C, Sandoval-Gutiérrez JL, Cabello-Gutiérrez C. A(H3N2) antigenic variation of influenza is associated with low vaccine efficacy in the early 2018 influenza season in Mexico City. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 125:114-119. [PMID: 36283676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the VE and the mutations of the viruses present in the Mexican population at the beginning of 2018. METHODS We diagnosed influenza in outpatients with a high-performance Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Test (RIDT) qRT-PCR. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study population, while the chi-square test was used to determine clinical variables. VE was analyzed through a negative test design. We sequenced the hemagglutinin (HA) gene, performed a phylogenetic analysis, and analyzed the nonsynonymous substitutions both in and outside antigenic sites. RESULTS Of the 240 patients analyzed, 42.5% received the trivalent vaccine, and 37.5% were positive for influenza. The VE for the general population for any influenza virus type or subtype was 37.0%, while the VE for the predominant influenza A(H3N2) subtype was the lowest (19.7%). The phylogenetic analysis of HA showed the co-circulation of clades and subclades 3C.2a1, 3C.2a1b, 3C.2a2, 3C.2a2re, 3C.2a3, and 3C.3a with identities approximately 97-98% similar to the vaccine composition. CONCLUSION Low VE was related to the co-circulation of multiple clades and subclades of influenza A(H3N2), with sufficient genetic and phenotypic distance to allow for the infection of vaccinated individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Alberto Hernández-Hernández
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER), Department of Research in Virology and Mycology, Mexico City, Mexico; National Autonomous University of Mexico, Postgraduate in Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anjarath Lorena Higuera-Iglesias
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER), Research in Clinical Epidemiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Palma-Cortes
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER), Department of Research in Virology and Mycology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Tapia-Trejo
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER), Infectious Disease Research Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER), Infectious Disease Research Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Roberto González-Fernández
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER), Department of Research in Virology and Mycology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Ángel Pérez-Moreno
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER), Department of Research in Virology and Mycology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Alejandro Zuñiga-Ramos
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER), Immunobiology and Genetics Laboratory, Mexico City, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal Guadarrama-Pérez
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER), Institutional Influenza Committee, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Sandoval-Gutiérrez
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER), Institutional Influenza Committee, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cabello-Gutiérrez
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" (INER), Department of Research in Virology and Mycology, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bolton MJ, Ort JT, McBride R, Swanson NJ, Wilson J, Awofolaju M, Furey C, Greenplate AR, Drapeau EM, Pekosz A, Paulson JC, Hensley SE. Antigenic and virological properties of an H3N2 variant that continues to dominate the 2021-22 Northern Hemisphere influenza season. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110897. [PMID: 35649381 PMCID: PMC9153083 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses circulated at very low levels during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and population immunity against these viruses is low. An H3N2 strain (3C.2a1b.2a2) with a hemagglutinin (HA) that has several substitutions relative to the 2021-22 H3N2 vaccine strain is dominating the 2021-22 Northern Hemisphere influenza season. Here, we show that one of these substitutions eliminates a key glycosylation site on HA and alters sialic acid binding. Using glycan array profiling, we show that the 3C.2a1b.2a2 H3 maintains binding to an extended biantennary sialoside and replicates to high titers in human airway cells. We find that antibodies elicited by the 2021-22 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine poorly neutralize the 3C.2a1b.2a2 H3N2 strain. Together, these data indicate that 3C.2a1b.2a2 H3N2 viruses efficiently replicate in human cells and escape vaccine-elicited antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Bolton
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jordan T Ort
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan McBride
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas J Swanson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jo Wilson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Moses Awofolaju
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Colleen Furey
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Drapeau
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bivalent H1 and H3 COBRA Recombinant Hemagglutinin Vaccines Elicit Seroprotective Antibodies against H1N1 and H3N2 Influenza Viruses from 2009 to 2019. J Virol 2022; 96:e0165221. [PMID: 35289635 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01652-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial influenza virus vaccines often elicit strain-specific immune responses and have difficulties preventing illness caused by antigenically drifted viral variants. In the last 20 years, the H3N2 component of the annual vaccine has been updated nearly twice as often as the H1N1 component, and in 2019, a mismatch between the wild-type (WT) H3N2 vaccine strain and circulating H3N2 influenza strains led to a vaccine efficacy of ∼9%. Modern methods of developing computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRAs) for H3N2 influenza viruses utilize current viral surveillance information to design more broadly reactive vaccine antigens. Here, 7 new recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) H3 COBRA hemagglutinin (HA) antigens were evaluated in mice. Subsequently, two candidates, J4 and NG2, were selected for further testing in influenza-preimmune animals based on their ability to elicit broadly reactive antibodies against antigenically drifted H3N2 viral isolates. In the preimmune model, monovalent formulations of J4 and NG2 elicited broadly reactive antibodies against recently circulating H3N2 influenza viruses from 2019. Bivalent mixtures of COBRA H1 and H3 rHA, Y2 + J4, and Y2 + NG2 outperformed multiple WT H1+H3 bivalent rHA mixtures by eliciting seroprotective antibodies against H1N1 and H3N2 isolates from 2009 to 2019. Overall, the newly generated COBRA HA antigens, namely, Y2, J4, and NG2, had the ability to induce broadly reactive antibodies in influenza-naive and preimmune animals in both monovalent and bivalent formulations, and these antigens outperformed H1 and H3 WT rHA vaccine antigens by eliciting seroprotective antibodies against panels of antigenically drifted historical H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine strains from 2009 to 2019. IMPORTANCE Standard-of-care influenza virus vaccines are composed of a mixture of antigens from different influenza viral subtypes. For the first time, lead COBRA H1 and H3 HA antigens, formulated as a bivalent vaccine, have been investigated in animals with preexisting immunity to influenza viruses. The cocktail of COBRA HA antigens elicited more broadly reactive anti-HA antibodies than those elicited by a comparator bivalent wild-type HA vaccine against H1 and H3 influenza viruses isolated between 2009 and 2019.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The balance in the functions of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) plays an important role in influenza virus genesis. However, whether and how N2 neuraminidase-specific antibodies may affect the attributes of HA remains to be investigated. In this study, we examined the presence of amino acid mutations in the HA of mutants selected by incubation with N2-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and compared the HA properties to those of the wild-type (WT) A/Chicken/Jiangsu/XXM/1999 (XXM) H9N2 virus. The higher NA inhibition (NI) ability of N2-specific MAbs was found to result in greater proportions of mutations in the HA head. The HA mutations affected the thermal stability, switched the binding preferences from α2,6-linked sialic acid receptor to α2,3-linked sialic acid receptor, and promoted viral growth in mouse lungs. These mutations also caused significant HA antigenic drift as they decreased hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. The evolutionary analysis also proved that some HA mutations were highly correlated with NA antibody pressure. Our data demonstrate that HA mutations caused by NA-specific antibodies affect HA properties and may contribute to HA evolution. IMPORTANCE HA binds with the sialic acid receptor on the host cell and initiates the infection mode of influenza virus. NA cleaves the connection between receptor and HA of newborn virus at the end of viral production. The HA-NA functional balance is crucial for viral production and interspecies transmission. Here, we identified mutations in the HA head of H9N2 virus caused by NA antibody pressure. These HA mutations changed the thermal stability and switched the receptor-binding preference of the mutant virus. The HI results indicated that these mutations resulted in significant antigenic drift in mutant HA. The evolutionary analysis also shows that some mutations in HA of H9N2 virus may be caused by NA antibody pressure and may correlate with the increase in H9N2 infections in humans. Our results provide new evidence for HA-NA balance and an effect of NA antibody pressure on HA evolution.
Collapse
|
16
|
Peck H, Laurie KL, Rockman S, Leung V, Lau H, Soppe S, Rynehart C, Baas C, Trusheim H, Barr IG. Enhanced isolation of influenza viruses in qualified cells improves the probability of well-matched vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:149. [PMID: 34887440 PMCID: PMC8660794 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccines are utilised to combat seasonal and pandemic influenza. The key to influenza vaccination currently is the availability of candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs). Ideally, CVVs reflect the antigenic characteristics of the circulating virus, which may vary depending upon the isolation method. For traditional inactivated egg-based vaccines, CVVs are isolated in embryonated chicken eggs, while for cell-culture production, CVV's are isolated in either embryonated eggs or qualified cell lines. We compared isolation rates, growth characteristics, genetic stability and antigenicity of cell and egg CVV's derived from the same influenza-positive human clinical respiratory samples collected from 2008-2020. Influenza virus isolation rates in MDCK33016PF cells were twice that of eggs and mutations in the HA protein were common in egg CVVs but rare in cell CVVs. These results indicate that fully cell-based influenza vaccines will improve the choice, match and potentially the effectiveness, of seasonal influenza vaccines compared to egg-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Peck
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Steve Rockman
- Seqirus Ltd, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vivian Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hilda Lau
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally Soppe
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cleve Rynehart
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maltezou HC, Stavros S, Asimakopoulos G, Pergialiotis V, Raftopoulos V, Talias MA, Pavli A, Daskalakis G, Sindos M, Koutroumanis P, Theodora M, Antsaklis P, Kostis E, Stratiki E, Kossyvakis A, Theodoridou M, Mentis A, Drakakis P, Loutradis D, Rodolakis A. Effectiveness of maternal vaccination with quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in pregnant women and their infants in 2019-2020. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 21:983-992. [PMID: 34878959 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2013820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Influenza is associated with an increased risk for serious illness, hospitalization and death in pregnant women and young infants. Our aim was to estimate the effectiveness of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV) in pregnant women and their infants during 2019-2020 influenza season. METHODS A QIV vaccine was offered to pregnant women followed in a maternity hospital. Women were contacted weekly during the influenza season and asked about symptoms. Polymerase chain reaction testing in pharyngeal samples was offered to pregnant women and infants with influenza-like illness. A Bayesian beta-binomial model was used. RESULTS We studied 636 pregnant women (406 vaccinated and 230 unvaccinated) and 474 infants (281 of mothers vaccinated in pregnancy and 193 of unvaccinated mothers). Using a Bayesian beta-binomial model, it was estimated that influenza vaccination of pregnant women reduced their logit to develop laboratory-confirmed influenza by -4.2 (95% CI -3,7 -4,7) and the logit of their infants to develop laboratory-confirmed influenza by -4.2 (95% CI -3.6, -4.9). The QIV effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza was 43.5% in pregnant women and 31.4% in infants. CONCLUSION Maternal influenza vaccination with QIV in pregnancy reduced the odds of pregnant women and their infants to develop influenza. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT04723771.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena C Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofoklis Stavros
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Asimakopoulos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael A Talias
- Healthcare Management Postgraduate Program, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - George Daskalakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Sindos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pelopidas Koutroumanis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Theodora
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Antsaklis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Stratiki
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kossyvakis
- National Influenza Reference Laboratory of Southern Greece, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Theodoridou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Mentis
- National Influenza Reference Laboratory of Southern Greece, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Drakakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Loutradis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Rodolakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Miron VD, Bănică L, Săndulescu O, Paraschiv S, Surleac M, Florea D, Vlaicu O, Milu P, Streinu-Cercel A, Bilașco A, Oțelea D, Pițigoi D, Streinu-Cercel A, Drăgănescu AC. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses from Romanian patients hospitalized during the 2019/20 season. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258798. [PMID: 34767579 PMCID: PMC8589178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two main mechanisms contribute to the continuous evolution of influenza viruses: accumulation of mutations in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes (antigenic drift) and genetic re-assortments (antigenic shift). Epidemiological surveillance is important in identifying new genetic variants of influenza viruses with potentially increased pathogenicity and transmissibility. In order to characterize the 2019/20 influenza epidemic in Romania, 1042 respiratory samples were collected from consecutive patients hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in the National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest Romania and tested for influenza A virus, influenza B virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by real-time PCR. Out of them, 516 cases were positive for influenza, with relatively equal distribution of influenza A and B. Two patients had influenza A and B co-infection and 8 patients had influenza-RSV co-infection. The most severe cases, requiring supplemental oxygen administration or intensive care, and the most deaths were reported in patients aged 65 years and over. Subtyping showed the predominance of A(H3N2) compared to A(H1N1)pdm09 pdm09 (60.4% and 39.6% of all subtyped influenza A isolates, respectively), and the circulation of Victoria B lineage only. Influenza B started to circulate first (week 47/2019), with influenza A appearing slightly later (week 50/2019), followed by continued co-circulation of A and B viruses throughout the season. Sixty-eight samples, selected to cover the entire influenza season and all circulating viral types, were analysed by next generation sequencing (NGS). All A(H1N1)pdm09 sequences identified during this season in Romania were clustered in the 6b1.A clade (sub-clades: 6b1.A.183P -5a and 6b1.A.187A). For most A(H1N1)pdm09 sequences, the dominant epitope was Sb (pepitope = 0.25), reducing the vaccine efficacy by approximately 60%. According to phylogenetic analysis, influenza A(H3N2) strains circulating in this season belonged predominantly to clade 3C.3A, with only few sequences in clade 3C.2A1b. These 3C.2A1b sequences, two of which belonged to vaccinated patients, harbored mutations in antigenic sites leading to potential reduction of vaccine efficacy. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B, lineage Victoria, sequences showed that the circulating strains belonged to clade V1A3. As compared to the other viral types, fewer mutations were observed in B/Victoria strains, with limited impact on vaccine efficiency based on estimations.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Coinfection
- Epidemics
- Female
- History, 21st Century
- Hospitalization
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/history
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/history
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology
- Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/genetics
- Romania/epidemiology
- Vaccine Efficacy
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leontina Bănică
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Săndulescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Paraschiv
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Surleac
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoș Florea
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Vlaicu
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petre Milu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Streinu-Cercel
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anuta Bilașco
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Oțelea
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Pițigoi
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Streinu-Cercel
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Allen JD, Ross TM. Evaluation of Next-Generation H3 Influenza Vaccines in Ferrets Pre-Immune to Historical H3N2 Viruses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707339. [PMID: 34475872 PMCID: PMC8406686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Each person has a unique immune history to past influenza virus infections. Exposure to influenza viruses early in life establishes memory B cell populations that influence future immune responses to influenza vaccination. Current influenza vaccines elicit antibodies that are typically strain specific and do not offer broad protection against antigenically drifted influenza strains in all age groups of people. This is particularly true for vaccine antigens of the A(H3N2) influenza virus subtype, where continual antigenic drift necessitates frequent vaccine reformulation. Broadly-reactive influenza virus vaccine antigens offer a solution to combat antigenic drift, but they also need to be equally effective in all populations, regardless of prior influenza virus exposure history. This study examined the role that pre-existing immunity plays on influenza virus vaccination. Ferrets were infected with historical A(H3N2) influenza viruses isolated from either the 1970’s, 1980’s, or 1990’s and then vaccinated with computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRA) or wild-type (WT) influenza virus like particles (VLPs) expressing hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine antigens to examine the expansion of immune breadth. Vaccines with the H3 COBRA HA antigens had more cross-reactive antibodies following a single vaccination in all three pre-immune regimens than vaccines with WT H3 HA antigens against historical, contemporary, and future drifted A(H3N2) influenza viruses. The H3 COBRA HA vaccines also induced antibodies capable of neutralizing live virus infections against modern drifted A(H3N2) strains at higher titers than the WT H3 HA vaccine comparators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Allen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huddleston J, Barnes JR, Rowe T, Xu X, Kondor R, Wentworth DE, Whittaker L, Ermetal B, Daniels RS, McCauley JW, Fujisaki S, Nakamura K, Kishida N, Watanabe S, Hasegawa H, Barr I, Subbarao K, Barrat-Charlaix P, Neher RA, Bedford T. Integrating genotypes and phenotypes improves long-term forecasts of seasonal influenza A/H3N2 evolution. eLife 2020; 9:e60067. [PMID: 32876050 PMCID: PMC7553778 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza virus A/H3N2 is a major cause of death globally. Vaccination remains the most effective preventative. Rapid mutation of hemagglutinin allows viruses to escape adaptive immunity. This antigenic drift necessitates regular vaccine updates. Effective vaccine strains need to represent H3N2 populations circulating one year after strain selection. Experts select strains based on experimental measurements of antigenic drift and predictions made by models from hemagglutinin sequences. We developed a novel influenza forecasting framework that integrates phenotypic measures of antigenic drift and functional constraint with previously published sequence-only fitness estimates. Forecasts informed by phenotypic measures of antigenic drift consistently outperformed previous sequence-only estimates, while sequence-only estimates of functional constraint surpassed more comprehensive experimentally-informed estimates. Importantly, the best models integrated estimates of both functional constraint and either antigenic drift phenotypes or recent population growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Huddleston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - John R Barnes
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)AtlantaUnited States
| | - Thomas Rowe
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)AtlantaUnited States
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)AtlantaUnited States
| | - Rebecca Kondor
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)AtlantaUnited States
| | - David E Wentworth
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)AtlantaUnited States
| | - Lynne Whittaker
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Burcu Ermetal
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rodney Stuart Daniels
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - John W McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuya Nakamura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Ian Barr
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Pierre Barrat-Charlaix
- Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| | - Richard A Neher
- Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| |
Collapse
|