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Mei Y, Qin X, Yang Z, Song S, Liu X, Wu C, Qian J, Huang X, Zhang Y, He W. Engineered a dual-targeting HA-TPP/A nanoparticle for combination therapy against KRAS-TP53 co-mutation in gastrointestinal cancers. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:277-291. [PMID: 37876556 PMCID: PMC10590736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS-TP53 co-mutation is strongly associated with poor prognosis and high malignancy in gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, a novel approach to oncotherapy may lie in combination therapy targeting both KRAS and TP53. Herein, we present a novel self-assembled nanoparticle (HA-TPP/A) that are functionalized nano-carrier hyaluronic acid (HA)-TPP conjugate (HA-TPP) to degrade mutant p53 proteins (mutp53) and co-deliver AMG510 for treating KRAS-TP53 co-alteration of gastrointestinal cancers by inhibiting the mutant KRAS and mutp53 signaling pathways. The HA-TPP/A nanoparticles led to ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of mutp53 by targeting damage to mitochondria. Furthermore, these nanoparticles abrogated the gain-of-function (GOF) phenotypes of mutp53 and increased sensitivity to AMG510-induced cell killing, thereby reducing cell proliferation and migration in gastrointestinal cancer with KRAS-TP53 co-mutation. The co-loaded HA-TPP/A nanoparticles demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in a tumor-bearing mouse model, particularly in KRAS-TP53 double mutant expressing cancer cells, compared with single drug and combined free drug groups. Notably, HA-TPP/A is the first reported nanoparticle with an ability to co-target KRAS-TP53, providing a promising approach for therapy in highly malignant gastrointestinal tumors and potentially expanding clinical indications for AMG510 targeted therapies in gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaohua Qin
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Shiyao Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Chong Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jieying Qian
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaowan Huang
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yunjiao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
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2
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Wang D, Nakayama M, Hong CP, Oshima H, Oshima M. Gain-of-Function p53 Mutation Acts as a Genetic Switch for TGFβ Signaling-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Intestinal Tumors. Cancer Res 2024; 84:56-68. [PMID: 37851521 PMCID: PMC10758690 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Signaling by TGFβ family cytokines plays a tumor-suppressive role by inducing cell differentiation, while it promotes malignant progression through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Identification of the mechanisms regulating the switch from tumor suppression to tumor promotion could identify strategies for cancer prevention and treatment. To identify the key genetic alterations that determine the outcome of TGFβ signaling, we used mouse intestinal tumor-derived organoids carrying multiple driver mutations in various combinations to examine the relationship between genotypes and responses to the TGFβ family cytokine activin A. KrasG12D mutation protected organoid cells from activin A-induced growth suppression by inhibiting p21 and p27 expression. Furthermore, Trp53R270H gain-of-function (GOF) mutation together with loss of wild-type Trp53 by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) promoted activin A-induced partial EMT with formation of multiple protrusions on the organoid surface, which was associated with increased metastatic incidence. Histologic analysis confirmed that tumor cells at the protrusions showed loss of apical-basal polarity and glandular structure. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that expression of Hmga2, encoding a cofactor of the SMAD complex that induces EMT transcription factors, was significantly upregulated in organoids with Trp53 GOF/LOH alterations. Importantly, loss of HMGA2 suppressed expression of Twist1 and blocked activin A-induced partial EMT and metastasis in Trp53 GOF/LOH organoids. These results indicate that TP53 GOF/LOH is a key genetic state that primes for TGFβ family-induced partial EMT and malignant progression of colorectal cancer. Activin signaling may be an effective therapeutic target for colorectal cancer harboring TP53 GOF mutations. SIGNIFICANCE KRAS and TP53 mutations shift activin-mediated signaling to overcome growth inhibition and promote partial EMT, identifying a subset of patients with colorectal cancer that could benefit from inhibition of TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nakayama
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Oshima
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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3
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Kwon YJ, Kwon TU, Shin S, Lee B, Lee H, Park H, Kim D, Moon A, Chun YJ. Enhancing the invasive traits of breast cancers by CYP1B1 via regulation of p53 to promote uPAR expression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166868. [PMID: 37661069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) catalyzes estrogen metabolism to produce metabolites that promote the progression of breast cancer. Since the invasive properties of cancer cells cause cancer relapse, which dramatically reduces patient survival, we investigated the new pro-invasive mechanism involving CYP1B1 in breast cancer. Exploring clinical data from invasive breast cancer patients revealed that CYP1B1 exhibits a potential correlation with urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Interestingly, uPAR mRNA expression was elevated in invasive breast cancer patients carrying TP53 genes with driver mutations, and our results showed that CYP1B1 activates the uPAR pathway following regulation of p53 according to its mutant status. CYP1B1 suppressed wild-type (WT) p53 whereas it induced the oncogenic gain-of-function mutant p53R280K, not only via transcriptional regulation but also the protein stabilization and activation following phosphorylation on Ser15 residue of p53R280K. Intriguingly, results from CYP1B1 polymorphic gene study and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) treatment showed that CYP1B1 regulates p53s and uPAR through its enzymatic activity. Furthermore, effects of DMBA and TMS on uPAR expression disappeared in HCT116p53-/- cells, indicating that p53 is critical for uPAR induction by CYP1B1. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CYP1B1 may reduce the relapse-free survival rate of breast cancer patients by inducing invasive traits in cancer cells via p53 regulation based on the mutation status of TP53 genes and further activation of the uPAR pathway. The elucidation of the previously unknown molecular mechanism of CYP1B1 may provide evidence for the development of effective anti-cancer therapeutic strategies that target the progression of cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jung Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyein Lee
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Park
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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4
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Khoo CSM, Henmi T, Saito M. Comparative Study of Metastasis Suppression Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Anaplastic Cell Lines, Nanog-Overexpressing Melanoma, and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17206. [PMID: 38139035 PMCID: PMC10743167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from an anaplastic mouse melanoma cell line made using Nanog overexpression of F10 (Nanog+F10) suppressed the metastasis of Nanog+F10. Here, an induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell line was focused as a more anaplastic cell line, potentially producing EVs with higher metastasis-suppressive effects. The EVs were introduced into the tail vein nine times before introducing Nanog+F10 cells. Two weeks later, the liver and lung were resected and metastatic colonies were quantified. The involvement of macrophages (invasion inhibiting ability, phagocytic activity) and cytotoxic T cells (cytotoxicity) was evaluated using J774.1 and CTLL-2 cell lines. iPS EVs showed similar level effects to Nanog+F10 EVs in every item relevant to metastasis suppression. Differential expression analysis of miRNAs in EVs and functional network database analysis revealed that dominant regulatory miRNAs were predicted. The candidate hub genes most highly associated with the metastasis suppression mechanism were predicted as six genes, including Trp53 and Hif1a, for Nanog+F10 EVs and ten genes, including Ins1 and Kitl, for iPS EVs. Regarding the mechanism, Nanog+F10 EVs and iPS EVs were very different. This suggests synergistic effect when used together as metastasis preventive vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Swee May Khoo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takuya Henmi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Mikako Saito
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Bioresource Laboratories, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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5
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Alvarado-Ortiz E, Ortiz-Sánchez E, Sarabia-Sánchez MA, de la Cruz-López KG, García-Carrancá A, Robles-Flores M. Mutant p53 gain-of-function stimulates canonical Wnt signaling via PI3K/AKT pathway in colon cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00793-4. [PMID: 37982965 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant canonical Wnt signaling is a hallmark of colon cancer. The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is altered in many solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, resulting in mutant versions of p53 (mut-p53) that lose their tumor suppressor capacities and acquire new-oncogenic functions (GOFs) critical for disease progression. Although the mechanisms related to mut-p53 GOF have been explored extensively, the relevance of mut-p53 in the canonical Wnt pathway is not well defined. This work investigated the influence of mut-p53 compared to wt-p53 in β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling. Using the TCGA public data from Pan-Cancer and the GEPIA2 platform, an in silico analysis of wt-p53 versus mut-p53 genotyped colorectal cancer patients showed that TP53 (p53) and CTNNB1 (β-catenin) are significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer, compared with normal tissue. Using p53 overexpression or p53 knockdown assays of wt-p53 or mut-p53, we found that while wt-p53 antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling, mut-p53 induces the opposite effect, improving the β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity and colony formation ability of colon cancer cells, which were both decreased by mut-p53 knockdown expression. The mechanism involved in mut-p53-induced activation of canonical Wnt appears to be via AKT-mediated phosphorylation of Ser 552 of β-catenin, which is known to stabilize and enhance its transcriptional activity. We also found that while wt-p53 expression contributes to 5-FU sensitivity in colon cancer cells, the RITA p53 reactivating molecule counteracted the resistance against 5-FU in cells expressing mut-p53. Our results indicate that mut-p53 GOF acts as a positive regulator of canonical Wnt signaling and participates in the induction of resistance to 5-FU in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Karen Griselda de la Cruz-López
- Laboratorio de Virus & Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratorio de Virus & Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Kok SY, Nakayama M, Morita A, Oshima H, Oshima M. Genetic and nongenetic mechanisms for colorectal cancer evolution. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:3478-3486. [PMID: 37357016 PMCID: PMC10475778 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The stepwise accumulation of key driver mutations is responsible for the development and malignant progression of colorectal cancer in primary sites. Genetic mouse model studies have revealed combinations of driver gene mutations that induce phenotypic changes in tumors toward malignancy. However, cancer evolution is regulated by not only genetic alterations but also nongenetic mechanisms. For example, certain populations of metastatic cancer cells show a loss of malignant characteristics even after the accumulation of driver mutations, and such cells are eliminated in a negative selection manner. Furthermore, a polyclonal metastasis model has recently been proposed, in which cell clusters consisting of genetically heterogeneous cells break off from the primary site, disseminate to distant organs, and develop into heterogenous metastatic tumors. Such nongenetic mechanisms for malignant progression have been elucidated using genetically engineered mouse models as well as organoid transplantation experiments. In this review article, we discuss the role of genetic alterations in the malignant progression of primary intestinal tumors and nongenetic mechanisms for negative selection and polyclonal metastasis, which we learned from model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Yee Kok
- Division of GeneticsCancer Research Institute, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Mizuho Nakayama
- Division of GeneticsCancer Research Institute, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Atsuya Morita
- Division of GeneticsCancer Research Institute, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- Division of GeneticsCancer Research Institute, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of GeneticsCancer Research Institute, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
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7
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Chang YT, Chiu I, Wang Q, Bustamante J, Jiang W, Rycaj K, Yi S, Li J, Kowalski-Muegge J, Matsui W. Loss of p53 enhances the tumor-initiating potential and drug resistance of clonogenic multiple myeloma cells. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3551-3560. [PMID: 37042949 PMCID: PMC10368840 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor relapse and drug resistance are major factors that limit the curability of multiple myeloma (MM). New regimens have improved overall MM survival rates, but patients with high-risk features continue to have inferior outcomes. Chromosome 17p13 deletion (del17p) that includes the loss of the TP53 gene is a high-risk cytogenetic abnormality and is associated with poor clinical outcomes owing to relatively short remissions and the development of pan-drug resistant disease. Increased relapse rates suggest that del17p enhances clonogenic growth, and we found that the loss of p53 increased both the frequency and drug resistance of tumor-initiating MM cells (TICs). Subsequent RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) studies demonstrated significant activation of the Notch signaling pathway and upregulation of inhibitor of DNA binding (ID1/ID2) genes in p53-knock out (p53-KO) cells. We found that the loss of ID1 or HES-1 expression or treatment with a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) significantly decreased the clonogenic growth of p53-KO but not p53 wild-type cells. GSI treatment in a small set of MM specimens also reduced the clonogenic growth in del17p samples but not in non-del17p samples. This effect was specific as overexpression of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) rescued the effects of GSI treatment. Our study demonstrates that the Notch signaling and ID1 expression are required for TIC expansion in p53-KO MM cells. These findings also suggest that GSI may be specifically active in patients with p53 mutant MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tai Chang
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Ian Chiu
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
- College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Jorge Bustamante
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Wenxuan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Song Yi
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Joey Li
- Department of Oncology, Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeanne Kowalski-Muegge
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - William Matsui
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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8
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Liao J, Qin QH, Lv FY, Huang Z, Lian B, Wei CY, Mo QG, Tan QX. IKKα inhibition re-sensitizes acquired adriamycin-resistant triple negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6211. [PMID: 37069240 PMCID: PMC10110611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IKKα has been shown to be responsible of multiple pro-tumorigenic functions and therapy resistance independent of canonical NF-κB, but its role in acquired chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer remains unclarified. In this study, we obtained pre-treatment biopsy and post-treatment mastectomy specimens from a retrospective cohort of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) (n = 43). Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of IKKα before and after NAC, and the relationship between IKKα and the pathologic response to NAC was examined. In addition, we developed a new ADR-resistant MDA-MB-231 cell line(MDA-MB-231/ADR) and analyzed these cells for changes in IKKα expression, the role and mechanisms of the increased IKKα in promoting drug resistance were determined in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that the expression of IKKα in residual TNBC tissues after chemotherapy was significantly higher than that before chemotherapy, and was positively correlated with lower pathological reaction. IKKα expression was significantly higher in ADR-resistant TNBC cells than in ADR-sensitive cells, IKKα knockdown results in apoptotic cell death of chemoresistant cells upon drug treatment. Moreover, IKKα knockdown promotes chemotherapeutic drug-induced tumor cell death in an transplanted tumor mouse model. Functionally, we demonstrated that IKKα knockdown significantly upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and Bax and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 upon ADR treatment. Our findings highlighted that IKKα exerts an important and previously unknown role in promoting chemoresistance in TNBC, combining IKKα inhibition with chemotherapy may be an effective strategy to improve treatment outcome in chemoresistant TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hong Qin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi, Department of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-You Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi, Department of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yuan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Guo Mo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Xing Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Fukui S, Umeda K, Kubota H, Iwai A, Akazawa R, Isobe K, Tanaka K, Kouzuki K, Kawabata N, Saida S, Kato I, Hiramatsu H, Itatani Y, Funakoshi T, Adachi S, Takita J. Use of Cabozantinib to Treat MET -amplified Pediatric Colorectal Cancer. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e423-e426. [PMID: 35536994 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric colorectal cancer (CRC) is extremely rare, with little information about genetic profiles compared with adult CRC. Here, a 13-year-old male with advanced CRC underwent cancer gene panel testing, which detected 4 genetic abnormalities ( MET amplification in addition to TP53 , SMAD4 , and CTNNA1 mutations) that might be associated with a poor prognosis. Based on high-level MET amplification, he received a multikinase inhibitor, cabozantinib, after failure of first-line and second-line chemotherapy, resulting in transient disease stabilization. Tailored targeted therapy based on molecular profiling can be an effective treatment strategy for rare cancers such as pediatric CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Souichi Adachi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Ardeshir-Larijani F, Schneider BP, Althouse SK, Radovich M, Masood A, Perna F, Salman H, Loehrer PJ. Clinicogenomic Landscape of Metastatic Thymic Epithelial Tumors. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2200465. [PMID: 36787505 PMCID: PMC10309539 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite favorable clinical outcomes, a subset of patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) develop metastasis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provides genomic data on primary TETs (pTETs). This study assessed the molecular alterations and uncovered targetable pathways in metastatic TETs (mTETs). METHODS From 2015 to 2020, 49 patients with stage IV TETs underwent Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-based sequencing using whole-exome sequencing (n = 33), panel-based testing (n = 12), and/or liquid biopsy (n = 24). Specimens were obtained from a metastatic organ (n = 36) or relapsed primary mediastinal mass (n = 10), whereas four patients underwent a liquid biopsy only. Data on pTETs were derived from the TCGA. RESULTS Compared with the pTET data set, patients with mTETs were younger (54 years v 60.5 years, P = .009) and had more aggressive histologies, with the most common tumor type being thymic carcinoma (n = 22, 40.7%) and B3 thymoma (n = 15, 27.8%). GTF2I was the most altered gene in primary thymomas (48.80%, n = 60). In metastatic thymoma and thymic carcinoma, TP53 was the most common genetic alteration (31% and 36%, respectively). In mTETs, the genomic alteration occurred in the TP53/CDK, EGFR/RAS, and PI3K/mTOR pathways. Biopsies obtained from distant metastasis were more commonly found to contain targetable mutations. There was an overlap of 61% (22 of 36) between tissue and liquid biopsy genomic alterations. CONCLUSION Clinically actionable genomic alterations are frequently observed in mTETs, indicating a value of repeat biopsy (preferably from a metastatic site of TETs for sequencing at the time of recurrence (TCGA data).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ardeshir-Larijani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Bryan P. Schneider
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sandra K. Althouse
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Ashiq Masood
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fabiana Perna
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Huda Salman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Patrick J. Loehrer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
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11
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Germline TP53 mutations undergo copy number gain years prior to tumor diagnosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:77. [PMID: 36604421 PMCID: PMC9816166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome associated with germline TP53 pathogenic variants. Here, we perform whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis of tumors from 22 patients with TP53 germline pathogenic variants. We observe somatic mutations affecting Wnt, PI3K/AKT signaling, epigenetic modifiers and homologous recombination genes as well as mutational signatures associated with prior chemotherapy. We identify near-ubiquitous early loss of heterozygosity of TP53, with gain of the mutant allele. This occurs earlier in these tumors compared to tumors with somatic TP53 mutations, suggesting the timing of this mark may distinguish germline from somatic TP53 mutations. Phylogenetic trees of tumor evolution, reconstructed from bulk and multi-region WGS, reveal that LFS tumors exhibit comparatively limited heterogeneity. Overall, our study delineates early copy number gains of mutant TP53 as a characteristic mutational process in LFS tumorigenesis, likely arising years prior to tumor diagnosis.
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12
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Morita A, Nakayama M, Oshima H, Oshima M. In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Metastatic Intestinal Tumors Using Genotype-Defined Organoids. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2691:19-30. [PMID: 37355534 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3331-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that the accumulation of driver gene mutations causes malignant progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) through positive selection and clonal expansion, similar to Darwin's evolution. Following this multistep tumorigenesis concept, we previously showed the specific mutation patterns for each process of malignant progression, including submucosal invasion, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), intravasation, and metastasis, using genetically engineered mouse and organoid models. However, we also found that certain populations of cancer-derived organoid cells lost malignant characteristics of metastatic ability, although driver mutations were not impaired, and such subpopulations were eliminated from the tumor tissues by negative selection. These organoid model studies have contributed to our understanding of the cancer evolution mechanism. We herein report the in vitro and in vivo experimental protocols to investigate the survival, growth, and metastatic ability of intestinal tumor-derived organoids. The model system will be useful for basic research as well as the development of clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuya Morita
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nakayama
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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13
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Morita A, Nakayama M, Wang D, Murakami K, Oshima M. Frequent loss of metastatic ability in subclones of Apc, Kras, Tgfbr2, and Trp53 mutant intestinal tumor organoids. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:1437-1450. [PMID: 36576236 PMCID: PMC10067385 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer evolution is explained by the accumulation of driver mutations and subsequent positive selection by acquired growth advantages, like Darwin's evolution theory. However, whether the negative selection of cells that have lost malignant properties contributes to cancer progression has not yet been fully investigated. Using intestinal metastatic tumor-derived organoids carrying Apc, Kras, Tgfbr2, and Trp53 quadruple mutations, we demonstrate here that approximately 30% of subclones of the organoids show loss of metastatic ability to the liver while keeping the driver mutations and oncogenic pathways. Notably, highly metastatic subclones also showed a gradual loss of metastatic ability during further passages. Such non-metastatic subclones revealed significantly decreased survival and proliferation ability in Matrigel and collagen gel culture conditions, which may cause elimination from the tumor tissues in vivo. RNA sequencing indicated that stemness-related genes, including Lgr5 and Myb, were significantly downregulated in non-metastatic subclones as well as subclones that lost metastatic ability during additional passages. Furthermore, a CGH analysis showed that non-metastatic subclones were derived from a minor population of parental organoid cells. These results indicate that metastatic ability is continuously lost with decreased stem cell property in certain subpopulations of malignant tumors, and such subpopulations are eliminated by negative selection. Therefore, it is possible that cancer evolution is regulated not only by positive selection but also by negative selection. The mechanism underlying the loss of metastatic ability will be important for the future development of therapeutic strategies against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuya Morita
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nakayama
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dong Wang
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Division of Epithelial Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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14
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Zhou J, Lai Y, Peng S, Tang C, Chen Y, Li L, Huang H, Guo Z. Comprehensive analysis of TP53 and SPOP mutations and their impact on survival in metastatic prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:957404. [PMID: 36119488 PMCID: PMC9471084 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.957404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough TP53 and SPOP are frequently mutated in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), their prognostic value is ambiguous, and large sample studies are lacking, especially when they co-occur with other genetic alterations.MethodsGenomic data and patients’ clinical characteristics in PCa were downloaded from the cBioPortal database. We extensively analyzed other gene alterations in different mutation status of TP53 and SPOP. We further subdivided TP53 and SPOP mutation into subgroups based on different mutation status, and then evaluated the prognostic value. Two classification systems for TP53 survival analysis were used.ResultsA total of 2,172 patients with PCa were analyzed in our study, of which 1,799 were metastatic PCa patients. The mutual exclusivity analysis showed that TP53 and SPOP mutation has a strong mutual exclusion (p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, truncating TP53 mutations (HR=1.773, 95%CI:1.403-2.239, p<0.001) and other TP53 mutations(HR=1.555, 95%CI:1.267-1.908, p<0.001) were independent negative prognostic markers in metastatic PCa, whereas SPOP mutations(HR=0.592, 95%CI:0.427-0.819, p<0.001) were an independent prognostic factor for better prognosis. Mutations in TP53 were significantly associated with wild-type status for SPOP and CDK12, structural variants/fusions for TMPRSS2 and ERG, AR amplification and PTEN deletion (p<0.001). And truncating TP53 mutations have higher AR amplification rates than other TP53 mutations (p=0.022). Consistently, truncating TP53 mutations had a worse prognosis than other TP53 mutations (p<0.05). Then Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that Co-occurring TP53 mutations in AR amplification or PTEN deletion tumors significantly reduced survival (p<0.05). Furthermore, those with SPOP-mutant tumors with co-occurring TP53 truncating mutations had shorter overall survival than those with SPOP-mutant tumors with wild-type or other TP53 mutations.ConclusionsThis study found that TP53 and SPOP mutations were mutually exclusive and both were independent prognostic markers for metastatic PCa. Genomic alteration and survival analysis revealed that TP53 and SPOP mutations represented distinct molecular subtypes. Our data suggest that molecular stratification on the basis of TP53 and SPOP mutation status should be implemented for metastatic PCa to optimize and modify clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Lai
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengmeng Peng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Tang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenghui Guo, ; Hai Huang,
| | - Zhenghui Guo
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenghui Guo, ; Hai Huang,
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15
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Talebi A, Rokni P, Kerachian MA. Transcriptome analysis of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: The importance of long non-coding RNAs and fusion transcripts in the disease pathogenesis. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 63:101816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Nakayama M, Wang D, Kok SY, Oshima H, Oshima M. Genetic Alterations and Microenvironment that Drive Malignant Progression of Colorectal Cancer: Lessons from Mouse and Organoid Models. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:1-6. [PMID: 35419304 PMCID: PMC8984654 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive genome analyses have identified frequently mutated genes in human colorectal cancers (CRC). These include APC, KRAS, SMAD4, TP53, and FBXW7. The biological functions of the respective gene products in cell proliferation and homeostasis have been intensively examined by in vitro experiments. However, how each gene mutation or combinations of specific mutations drive malignant progression of CRC in vivo has not been fully understood. Based on the genomic information, we generated mouse models that carry multiple mutations of CRC driver genes in various combinations, and we performed comprehensive histological analyses to link genetic alteration(s) and tumor phenotypes, including liver metastasis. In this review article, we summarize the phenotypes of the respective genetic models carrying major driver mutations and discuss a possible mechanism of mutations underlying malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Nakayama
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sau Yee Kok
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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17
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Amirtharaj F, Venkatesh GH, Wojtas B, Nawafleh HH, Mahmood AS, Nizami ZN, Khan MS, Thiery J, Chouaib S. p53 reactivating small molecule PRIMA‑1 MET/APR‑246 regulates genomic instability in MDA‑MB‑231 cells. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:85. [PMID: 35234267 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological reactivation of tumor‑suppressor protein p53 has acted as a promising strategy for more than 50% of human cancers that carry a non‑functional mutant p53 (mutp53). p53 plays a critical role in preserving genomic integrity and DNA fidelity through numerous biological processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence and apoptosis. By contrast, non‑functional mutp53 compromises the aforementioned genome stabilizing mechanisms through gain of function, thereby increasing genomic instability in human cancers. Restoring the functional activity of p53 using both genetic and pharmacological approaches has gained prominence in targeting p53‑mutated tumors. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the reactivation of p53 in DNA repair mechanisms and the maintenance of genomic stability using PRIMA‑1MET/APR‑246 small molecules, in both MDA‑MB‑231 and MCF‑7 breast cancer cell lines, which carry mutp53 and wild‑type p53, respectively. Results of the present study revealed that reactivation of p53 through APR‑246 led to an increase in the functional activity of DNA repair. Prolonged treatment of MDA‑MB‑231 cells with APR‑246 in the presence of cisplatin led to a reduction in mutational accumulation, compared with cells treated with cisplatin alone. These findings demonstrated that APR‑246 may act as a promising small molecule to control the genomic instability in p53‑mutated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Amirtharaj
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Goutham Hassan Venkatesh
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bartosz Wojtas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, 02‑093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hussam Hussein Nawafleh
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayda Shah Mahmood
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zohra Nausheen Nizami
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Samar Khan
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jerome Thiery
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris‑Saclay, F‑94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Targeting Post-Translational Regulation of p53 in Colorectal Cancer by Exploiting Vulnerabilities in the p53-MDM2 Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010219. [PMID: 35008383 PMCID: PMC8750794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role played by the key tumor suppressor gene p53 and the implications of p53 mutations for the development and progression of neoplasia continue to expand. This review focuses on colorectal cancer and the regulators of p53 expression and activity identified over the past decade. These newly recognized regulatory mechanisms include (1) direct regulation of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase; (2) modulation of the MDM2-p53 interaction; (3) MDM2-independent p53 degradation; and (4) inhibition of p53 nuclear translocation. We positioned these regulatory mechanisms in the context of p53 missense mutations, which not only evade canonical p53 degradation machinery but also exhibit gain-of-function phenotypes that enhance tumor survival and metastasis. Lastly, we discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies directed against p53 mutant-bearing tumors.
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19
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Craig DJ, Bailey MM, Noe OB, Williams KK, Stanbery L, Hamouda DM, Nemunaitis JJ. Subclonal landscape of cancer drives resistance to immune therapy. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 30:100507. [PMID: 35007928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is often used as a biomarker for immunogenicity and prerequisite for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that not all tumors with high TMB respond to ICIs as expected. It has been shown that the ability of T-cells to infiltrate the tumor microenvironment and elicit a specific immune response is dependent not only on the TMB, but also on intra-tumor heterogeneity and the fraction of low-frequency subclonal mutations that make up the tumor. High intra-tumor heterogeneity leads to inefficient recognition of tumor neoantigens by T-cells due to their diluted frequency and spatial heterogeneity. Clinical studies have shown that tumors with a high degree of intra-tumor heterogeneity respond poorly to ICI therapy, and previous cytotoxic treatment may increase the intra-tumor heterogeneity and render second-line ICI therapy less effective. This paper reviews the role of ICI therapy when following chemotherapy or radiation to determine if they may be better suited as first-line therapy in patients with high TMB, low intra-tumor heterogeneity, and high PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Craig
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | | | - Olivia B Noe
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
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20
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OUP accepted manuscript. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:494-503. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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21
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Zhou S, Fan C, Zeng Z, Young KH, Li Y. Clinical and Immunological Effects of p53-Targeting Vaccines. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:762796. [PMID: 34805170 PMCID: PMC8595300 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.762796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, is one of the most promising approaches to treat cancer. Vaccines have been effective in preventing cancers like liver cancer and cervical cancer with a viral etiology. Instead of preventing disease, therapeutic cancer vaccines mobilize the immune system to attack existing cancer. p53 is dysregulated in the majority of human cancers and is a highly promising target for cancer vaccines. Over twenty clinical trials have targeted p53 in malignant diseases using vaccines. In this work, we review the progress of vaccinations with p53 or its peptides as the antigens and summarize the clinical and immunological effects of p53-targeting vaccines from clinical trials. The delivery platforms include p53 peptides, viral vectors, and dendritic cells pulsed with short peptides or transduced by p53-encoding viruses. These studies shed light on the feasibility, safety, and clinical benefit of p53 vaccination in select groups of patients, implicating that p53-targeting vaccines warrant further investigations in experimental animals and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhou
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ken H. Young
- Hematopathology Division, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Murakami K, Kita Y, Sakatani T, Hamada A, Mizuno K, Nakamura K, Takada H, Matsumoto K, Sano T, Goto T, Akamatsu S, Saito R, Tsuruyama T, Ogawa O, Kobayashi T. Antitumor effect of WEE1 blockade as monotherapy or in combination with cisplatin in urothelial cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3669-3681. [PMID: 34212455 PMCID: PMC8409401 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming cisplatin (CDDP) resistance is a major issue in urothelial cancer (UC), in which CDDP‐based chemotherapy is the first‐line treatment. WEE1, a G2/M checkpoint kinase, confers chemoresistance in response to genotoxic agents. However, the efficacy of WEE1 blockade in UC has not been reported. MK‐1775, a WEE1 inhibitor also known as AZD‐1775, blocked proliferation of UC cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner irrespective of TP53 status. MK‐1775 synergized with CDDP to block proliferation, inducing apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in TP53‐mutant UC cells but not in TP53‐WT cells. Knocking down TP53 in TP53‐WT cells induced synergism of MK‐1775 and CDDP. In UMUC3 cell xenografts and two patient‐derived xenograft lines with MDM2 overexpression, in which the p53/cell cycle pathway was inactivated, AZD‐1775 combined with CDDP suppressed tumor growth inducing both M‐phase entry and apoptosis, whereas AZD‐1775 alone was as effective as the combination in RT4 cell xenografts. Drug susceptibility assay using an ex vivo cancer tissue‐originated spheroid system showed correlations with the in vivo efficacy of AZD‐1775 alone or combined with CDDP. We determined the feasibility of the drug susceptibility assay using spheroids established from UC surgical specimens obtained by transurethral resection. In conclusion, WEE1 is a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of UC, and a highly specific small molecule inhibitor is currently in early phase clinical trials for cancer. Differential antitumor efficacy of WEE1 blockade alone or combined with CDDP could exist according to p53/cell cycle pathway activity, which might be predictable using an ex vivo 3D primary culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Murakami
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kita
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Sakatani
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hamada
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Mizuno
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takada
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiyu Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sano
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Isermann T, Şener ÖÇ, Stender A, Klemke L, Winkler N, Neesse A, Li J, Wegwitz F, Moll UM, Schulz-Heddergott R. Suppression of HSF1 activity by wildtype p53 creates a driving force for p53 loss-of-heterozygosity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4019. [PMID: 34188043 PMCID: PMC8242083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of human tumors with p53 mutations undergo loss of the remaining wildtype p53 allele (loss-of-heterozygosity, p53LOH). p53LOH has watershed significance in promoting tumor progression. However, driving forces for p53LOH are poorly understood. Here we identify the repressive WTp53-HSF1 axis as one driver of p53LOH. We find that the WTp53 allele in AOM/DSS chemically-induced colorectal tumors (CRC) of p53R248Q/+ mice retains partial activity and represses heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1), the master regulator of the proteotoxic stress response (HSR) that is ubiquitously activated in cancer. HSR is critical for stabilizing oncogenic proteins including mutp53. WTp53-retaining CRC tumors, tumor-derived organoids and human CRC cells all suppress the tumor-promoting HSF1 program. Mechanistically, retained WTp53 activates CDKN1A/p21, causing cell cycle inhibition and suppression of E2F target MLK3. MLK3 links cell cycle with the MAPK stress pathway to activate the HSR response. In p53R248Q/+ tumors WTp53 activation by constitutive stress represses MLK3, thereby weakening the MAPK-HSF1 response necessary for tumor survival. This creates selection pressure for p53LOH which eliminates the repressive WTp53-MAPK-HSF1 axis and unleashes tumor-promoting HSF1 functions, inducing mutp53 stabilization enabling invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Isermann
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Özge Çiçek Şener
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Stender
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luisa Klemke
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute M Moll
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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24
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Rizzo G, Bertotti A, Leto SM, Vetrano S. Patient-derived tumor models: a more suitable tool for pre-clinical studies in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:178. [PMID: 34074330 PMCID: PMC8168319 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), despite the advances in screening and surveillance, remains the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. The biological inadequacy of pre-clinical models to fully recapitulate the multifactorial etiology and the complexity of tumor microenvironment and human CRC's genetic heterogeneity has limited cancer treatment development. This has led to the development of Patient-derived models able to phenocopy as much as possible the original inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity of CRC, reflecting the tumor microenvironment's cellular interactions. Implantation of patient tissue into immunodeficient mice hosts and the culture of tumor organoids have allowed advances in cancer biology and metastasis. This review highlights the advantages and limits of Patient-derived models as innovative and valuable pre-clinical tools to study progression and metastasis of CRC, develop novel therapeutic strategies by creating a drug screening platform, and predict the efficacy of clinical response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bertotti
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCs, Candiolo, 10060, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, 10060, Torino, Italy
| | - Simonetta Maria Leto
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCs, Candiolo, 10060, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy.
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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25
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Yang F, Li X, Yuan R, Xiang Y. High-Fidelity and Simultaneous Sensing of Endogenous Mutant and Wild p53 Proteins for Precise Cancer Diagnosis and Drug Screening. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8084-8090. [PMID: 34034482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous sensing of endogenous wild and mutant proteins plays a critical role in disease diagnosis and drug screening, and this remains a major current challenge. Here, we present a new and highly specific target-triggered dual proximity ligation assay (dPLA) strategy for sensitive and simultaneous sensing of wild and mutant p53 proteins from cancer cells. Two proximity DNA probes bind the target protein to form the primer/circular DNA template complexes with two nicks in the presence of the hairpin and ssDNA connector sequences via the strand displacement reaction. Only when the two nicks are simultaneously ligated can the rolling circle amplification be triggered with high fidelity for yielding substantially enhanced fluorescence. By encoding the hairpin sequence, two distinct fluorescence signals can be generated for simultaneous detection of the wild and mutant p53 proteins. Importantly, our method significantly reduces the possibility of nonspecific ligation reactions by using two ligation nicks, which minimizes the background noise. With this dPLA method, the regulation transition of intracellular mutant p53 to wild p53 proteins upon anticancer drug treatment has also been demonstrated, highlighting its usefulness for potential early disease diagnosis and drug screening with high fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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26
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Timmerman DM, Remmers TL, Hillenius S, Looijenga LHJ. Mechanisms of TP53 Pathway Inactivation in Embryonic and Somatic Cells-Relevance for Understanding (Germ Cell) Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105377. [PMID: 34065345 PMCID: PMC8161298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The P53 pathway is the most important cellular pathway to maintain genomic and cellular integrity, both in embryonic and non-embryonic cells. Stress signals induce its activation, initiating autophagy or cell cycle arrest to enable DNA repair. The persistence of these signals causes either senescence or apoptosis. Over 50% of all solid tumors harbor mutations in TP53 that inactivate the pathway. The remaining cancers are suggested to harbor mutations in genes that regulate the P53 pathway such as its inhibitors Mouse Double Minute 2 and 4 (MDM2 and MDM4, respectively). Many reviews have already been dedicated to P53, MDM2, and MDM4, while this review additionally focuses on the other factors that can deregulate P53 signaling. We discuss that P14ARF (ARF) functions as a negative regulator of MDM2, explaining the frequent loss of ARF detected in cancers. The long non-coding RNA Antisense Non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locus (ANRIL) is encoded on the same locus as ARF, inhibiting ARF expression, thus contributing to the process of tumorigenesis. Mutations in tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins deregulate P53 signaling through their ubiquitin ligase activity. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) inactivate the P53 pathway through inhibition of translation. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) maintains an open chromatin structure at the TP53 locus, explaining its inactivation of CTCF during tumorigenesis. P21, a downstream effector of P53, has been found to be deregulated in different tumor types. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these factors that are known to deregulate the P53 pathway in both somatic and embryonic cells, as well as their malignant counterparts (i.e., somatic and germ cell tumors). It provides insights into which aspects still need to be unraveled to grasp their contribution to tumorigenesis, putatively leading to novel targets for effective cancer therapies.
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27
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From Proteomic Mapping to Invasion-Metastasis-Cascade Systemic Biomarkering and Targeted Drugging of Mutant BRAF-Dependent Human Cutaneous Melanomagenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092024. [PMID: 33922182 PMCID: PMC8122743 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the recent advances in human malignancy therapy, metastasis and chemoresistance remain the principal causes of cancer-derived deaths. Given the fatal forms of cutaneous metastatic melanoma, we herein employed primary (WM115) and metastatic (WM266-4) melanoma cells, both obtained from the same patient, to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Through state-of-the-art technologies including deep proteome landscaping, immunofluorescence phenotyping, and drug toxicity screening, we were able to describe new molecular programs, oncogenic drivers, and drug regimens, controlling the invasion-metastasis cascade during BRAFV600D-dependent melanomagenesis. It proved that proteomic navigation could foster the development of systemic biomarkering and targeted drugging for successful treatment of advanced disease. Abstract Melanoma is classified among the most notoriously aggressive human cancers. Despite the recent progress, due to its propensity for metastasis and resistance to therapy, novel biomarkers and oncogenic molecular drivers need to be promptly identified for metastatic melanoma. Hence, by employing nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry deep proteomics technology, advanced bioinformatics algorithms, immunofluorescence, western blotting, wound healing protocols, molecular modeling programs, and MTT assays, we comparatively examined the respective proteomic contents of WM115 primary (n = 3955 proteins) and WM266-4 metastatic (n = 6681 proteins) melanoma cells. It proved that WM115 and WM266-4 cells have engaged hybrid epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition states, with TGF-β controlling their motility in vitro. They are characterized by different signatures of SOX-dependent neural crest-like stemness and distinct architectures of the cytoskeleton network. Multiple signaling pathways have already been activated from the primary melanoma stage, whereas HIF1α, the major hypoxia-inducible factor, can be exclusively observed in metastatic melanoma cells. Invasion-metastasis cascade-specific sub-routines of activated Caspase-3-triggered apoptosis and LC3B-II-dependent constitutive autophagy were also unveiled. Importantly, WM115 and WM266-4 cells exhibited diverse drug response profiles, with epirubicin holding considerable promise as a beneficial drug for metastatic melanoma clinical management. It is the proteome navigation that enables systemic biomarkering and targeted drugging to open new therapeutic windows for advanced disease.
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Abstract
In this review, Pilley et al. examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor. p53 is an important tumor suppressor, and the complexities of p53 function in regulating cancer cell behaviour are well established. Many cancers lose or express mutant forms of p53, with evidence that the type of alteration affecting p53 may differentially impact cancer development and progression. It is also clear that in addition to cell-autonomous functions, p53 status also affects the way cancer cells interact with each other. In this review, we briefly examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pilley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan A Rodriguez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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29
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Kok SY, Oshima H, Takahashi K, Nakayama M, Murakami K, Ueda HR, Miyazono K, Oshima M. Malignant subclone drives metastasis of genetically and phenotypically heterogenous cell clusters through fibrotic niche generation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:863. [PMID: 33558489 PMCID: PMC7870854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A concept of polyclonal metastasis has recently been proposed, wherein tumor cell clusters break off from the primary site and are disseminated. However, the involvement of driver mutations in such polyclonal mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that non-metastatic AP cells metastasize to the liver with metastatic AKTP cells after co-transplantation to the spleen. Furthermore, AKTP cell depletion after the development of metastases results in the continuous proliferation of the remaining AP cells, indicating a role of AKTP cells in the early step of polyclonal metastasis. Importantly, AKTP cells, but not AP cells, induce fibrotic niche generation when arrested in the sinusoid, and such fibrotic microenvironment promotes the colonization of AP cells. These results indicate that non-metastatic cells can metastasize via the polyclonal metastasis mechanism using the fibrotic niche induced by malignant cells. Thus, targeting the fibrotic niche is an effective strategy for halting polyclonal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Yee Kok
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nakayama
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Division of Epithelial Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN BDR, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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30
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Hong M, Lee S, Clayton J, Yake W, Li J. Genipin suppression of growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma through blocking activation of STAT-3. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:146. [PMID: 32741371 PMCID: PMC7397684 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) can facilitate cancer progression and metastasis by being constitutively active via various signaling. Abundant evidence has indicated that STAT-3 may be a promising molecular target for cancer treatment. METHODS In this study, a dual-luciferase assay-based screening of 537 compounds for STAT-3 inhibitors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells was conducted, leading to the identification of genipin. Effects of genipin on HCC were assessed in a patient-derived xenograft nude mice model. Western blotting assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, molecular docking study, tube formation assay, three-dimensional top culture assay, histological examination, and immunofluorescence were utilized to evaluate the regulatory signaling pathway. RESULTS Our research demonstrated that genipin suppresses STAT-3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, which may be attributed to the binding capacity of this compound to the Src homology-2 (SH2) domain of STAT-3. In addition, the therapeutic effects of genipin in a patient-derived HCC xenograft nude mice model were also demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, genipin showed therapeutic potential for HCC treatment by interacting with the SH2-STAT-3 domain and suppressing the activity of STAT-3. In the future, further research is planned to explore the potential role of genipin in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Selena Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Jacob Clayton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Wildman Yake
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Jinke Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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31
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Sobhani N, D’Angelo A, Wang X, Young KH, Generali D, Li Y. Mutant p53 as an Antigen in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114087. [PMID: 32521648 PMCID: PMC7312027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a pivotal role in cancer and infectious disease. Many oncology treatments are now calling on immunotherapy approaches, and scores of studies have investigated the role of p53 antibodies in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge from the preliminary evidence that suggests a potential role of p53 as an antigen in the adaptive immune response and as a key monitor of the innate immune system, thereby speculating on the idea that mutant p53 antigens serve as a druggable targets in immunotherapy. Except in a few cases, the vast majority of published work on p53 antibodies in cancer patients use wild-type p53 as the antigen to detect these antibodies and it is unclear whether they can recognize p53 mutants carried by cancer patients at all. We envision that an antibody targeting a specific mutant p53 will be effective therapeutically against a cancer carrying the exact same mutant p53. To corroborate such a possibility, a recent study showed that a T cell receptor-like (TCLR) antibody, initially made for a wild-type antigen, was capable of discriminating between mutant p53 and wild-type p53, specifically killing more cancer cells expressing mutant p53 than wild-type p53 in vitro and inhibiting the tumour growth of mice injected with mutant p53 cancer cells than mice with wild-type p53 cancer cells. Thus, novel antibodies targeting mutant p53, but not the wild-type isoform, should be pursued in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Xu Wang
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ken H. Young
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Yong Li
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (Y.L.)
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32
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Alvarado-Ortiz E, de la Cruz-López KG, Becerril-Rico J, Sarabia-Sánchez MA, Ortiz-Sánchez E, García-Carrancá A. Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function: Role in Cancer Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607670. [PMID: 33644030 PMCID: PMC7905058 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent p53 mutations (mutp53) not only abolish tumor suppressor capacities but confer various gain-of-function (GOF) activities that impacts molecules and pathways now regarded as central for tumor development and progression. Although the complete impact of GOF is still far from being fully understood, the effects on proliferation, migration, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion, among others, certainly constitute major driving forces for human tumors harboring them. In this review we discuss major molecular mechanisms driven by mutp53 GOF. We present novel mechanistic insights on their effects over key functional molecules and processes involved in cancer. We analyze new mechanistic insights impacting processes such as immune system evasion, metabolic reprogramming, and stemness. In particular, the increased lipogenic activity through the mevalonate pathway (MVA) and the alteration of metabolic homeostasis due to interactions between mutp53 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) that impact anabolic pathways and favor metabolic reprograming. We address, in detail, the impact of mutp53 over metabolic reprogramming and the Warburg effect observed in cancer cells as a consequence, not only of loss-of-function of p53, but rather as an effect of GOF that is crucial for the imbalance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, transcriptional activation of new targets, resulting from interaction of mutp53 with NF-kB, HIF-1α, or SREBP1, are presented and discussed. Finally, we discuss perspectives for targeting molecules and pathways involved in chemo-resistance of tumor cells resulting from mutp53 GOF. We discuss and stress the fact that the status of p53 currently constitutes one of the most relevant criteria to understand the role of autophagy as a survival mechanism in cancer, and propose new therapeutic approaches that could promote the reduction of GOF effects exercised by mutp53 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Griselda de la Cruz-López
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jared Becerril-Rico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Sarabia-Sánchez
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratorio de Virus and Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alejandro García-Carrancá
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