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Xiang L, Chen J, Zhu Z, Song Z, Bao Z, Zhu X, Jin F, Wang K, Xu S, Zou Y, Li H, Wang Z, Song C, Yue A, Partridge J, Guo Q, Mondaini R, Wang H, Scalettar RT. Enhanced quantum state transfer by circumventing quantum chaotic behavior. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4918. [PMID: 38858357 PMCID: PMC11164980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to realize high-fidelity quantum communication is one of the many facets required to build generic quantum computing devices. In addition to quantum processing, sensing, and storage, transferring the resulting quantum states demands a careful design that finds no parallel in classical communication. Existing experimental demonstrations of quantum information transfer in solid-state quantum systems are largely confined to small chains with few qubits, often relying upon non-generic schemes. Here, by using a superconducting quantum circuit featuring thirty-six tunable qubits, accompanied by general optimization procedures deeply rooted in overcoming quantum chaotic behavior, we demonstrate a scalable protocol for transferring few-particle quantum states in a two-dimensional quantum network. These include single-qubit excitation, two-qubit entangled states, and two excitations for which many-body effects are present. Our approach, combined with the quantum circuit's versatility, paves the way to short-distance quantum communication for connecting distributed quantum processors or registers, even if hampered by inherent imperfections in actual quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Jiachen Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Zitian Zhu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Zixuan Song
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Zehang Bao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Xuhao Zhu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Feitong Jin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Shibo Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Yiren Zou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Hekang Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Chao Song
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Alexander Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Justine Partridge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Qiujiang Guo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China.
| | - Rubem Mondaini
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA.
- Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - H Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Richard T Scalettar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Crawford MA, Sinclair AJ, Wang Y, Schmidt WF, Broadhurst CL, Dyall SC, Horn L, Brenna JT, Johnson MR. Docosahexaenoic Acid Explains the Unexplained in Visual Transduction. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1520. [PMID: 37998212 PMCID: PMC10670429 DOI: 10.3390/e25111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In George Wald's Nobel Prize acceptance speech for "discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye", he noted that events after the activation of rhodopsin are too slow to explain visual reception. Photoreceptor membrane phosphoglycerides contain near-saturation amounts of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The visual response to a photon is a retinal cis-trans isomerization. The trans-state is lower in energy; hence, a quantum of energy is released equivalent to the sum of the photon and cis-trans difference. We hypothesize that DHA traps this energy, and the resulting hyperpolarization extracts the energized electron, which depolarizes the membrane and carries a function of the photon's energy (wavelength) to the brain. There, it contributes to the creation of the vivid images of our world that we see in our consciousness. This proposed revision to the visual process provides an explanation for these previously unresolved issues around the speed of information transfer and the purity of conservation of a photon's wavelength and supports observations of the unique and indispensable role of DHA in the visual process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Crawford
- Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Imperial College, London SW10 9NH, UK; (Y.W.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Andrew J. Sinclair
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Imperial College, London SW10 9NH, UK; (Y.W.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Walter F. Schmidt
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (W.F.S.); (C.L.B.)
| | - C. Leigh Broadhurst
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (W.F.S.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Simon C. Dyall
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
| | | | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78723, USA;
| | - Mark R. Johnson
- Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Imperial College, London SW10 9NH, UK; (Y.W.); (M.R.J.)
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6
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Kandel YP, Qiao H, Fallahi S, Gardner GC, Manfra MJ, Nichol JM. Adiabatic quantum state transfer in a semiconductor quantum-dot spin chain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2156. [PMID: 33846333 PMCID: PMC8042124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum-dot spin qubits are a promising platform for quantum computation, because they are scalable and possess long coherence times. In order to realize this full potential, however, high-fidelity information transfer mechanisms are required for quantum error correction and efficient algorithms. Here, we present evidence of adiabatic quantum-state transfer in a chain of semiconductor quantum-dot electron spins. By adiabatically modifying exchange couplings, we transfer single- and two-spin states between distant electrons in less than 127 ns. We also show that this method can be cascaded for spin-state transfer in long spin chains. Based on simulations, we estimate that the probability to correctly transfer single-spin eigenstates and two-spin singlet states can exceed 0.95 for the experimental parameters studied here. In the future, state and process tomography will be required to verify the transfer of arbitrary single qubit states with a fidelity exceeding the classical bound. Adiabatic quantum-state transfer is robust to noise and pulse-timing errors. This method will be useful for initialization, state distribution, and readout in large spin-qubit arrays for gate-based quantum computing. It also opens up the possibility of universal adiabatic quantum computing in semiconductor quantum-dot spin qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav P. Kandel
- grid.16416.340000 0004 1936 9174Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Haifeng Qiao
- grid.16416.340000 0004 1936 9174Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Saeed Fallahi
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA ,grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Geoffrey C. Gardner
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA ,grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Michael J. Manfra
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA ,grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA ,grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA ,grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - John M. Nichol
- grid.16416.340000 0004 1936 9174Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
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7
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Qiao H, Kandel YP, Fallahi S, Gardner GC, Manfra MJ, Hu X, Nichol JM. Long-Distance Superexchange between Semiconductor Quantum-Dot Electron Spins. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:017701. [PMID: 33480772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.017701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of their long coherence times and potential for scalability, semiconductor quantum-dot spin qubits hold great promise for quantum information processing. However, maintaining high connectivity between quantum-dot spin qubits, which favor linear arrays with nearest neighbor coupling, presents a challenge for large-scale quantum computing. In this work, we present evidence for long-distance spin-chain-mediated superexchange coupling between electron spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots. We weakly couple two electron spins to the ends of a two-site spin chain. Depending on the spin state of the chain, we observe oscillations between the distant end spins. We resolve the dynamics of both the end spins and the chain itself, and our measurements agree with simulations. Superexchange is a promising technique to create long-distance coupling between quantum-dot spin qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Qiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Yadav P Kandel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Saeed Fallahi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gardner
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Michael J Manfra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Xuedong Hu
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - John M Nichol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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