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Neelamraju PM, Gundepudi K, Sanki PK, Busi KB, Mistri TK, Sangaraju S, Dalapati GK, Ghosh KK, Ghosh S, Ball WB, Chakrabortty S. Potential applications for photoacoustic imaging using functional nanoparticles: A comprehensive overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34654. [PMID: 39166037 PMCID: PMC11334826 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the potential applications for Photo-Acoustic (PA) imaging employing functional nanoparticles. The exploration begins with an introduction to nanotechnology and nanomaterials, highlighting the advancements in these fields and their crucial role in shaping the future. A detailed discussion of the various types of nanomaterials and their functional properties sets the stage for a thorough examination of the fundamentals of the PA effect. This includes a thorough chronological review of advancements, experimental methodologies, and the intricacies of the source and detection of PA signals. The utilization of amplitude and frequency modulation, design of PA cells, pressure sensor-based signal detection, and quantification methods are explored in-depth, along with additional mechanisms induced by PA signals. The paper then delves into the versatile applications of photoacoustic imaging facilitated by functional nanomaterials. It investigates the influence of nanomaterial shape, size variation, and the role of composition, alloys, and hybrid materials in harnessing the potential of PA imaging. The paper culminates with an insightful discussion on the future scope of this field, focusing specifically on the potential applications of photoacoustic (PA) effect in the domain of biomedical imaging and nanomedicine. Finally, by providing the comprehensive overview, the current work provides a valuable resource underscoring the transformative potential of PA imaging technique in biomedical research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Mohan Neelamraju
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India
| | - Karthikay Gundepudi
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India
| | - Pradyut Kumar Sanki
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India
| | - Kumar Babu Busi
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mistri
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sambasivam Sangaraju
- National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Goutam Kumar Dalapati
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Mechanical Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576
| | - Krishna Kanta Ghosh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921
| | - Siddhartha Ghosh
- Department of Physics, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India
| | - Writoban Basu Ball
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University AP Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India
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Wang J, Wu H, Sampaolo A, Patimisco P, Spagnolo V, Jia S, Dong L. Quartz-enhanced multiheterodyne resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:77. [PMID: 38514679 PMCID: PMC10957990 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The extension of dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) to all wavelengths of light along with its ability to provide ultra-large dynamic range and ultra-high spectral resolution, renders it extremely useful for a diverse array of applications in physics, chemistry, atmospheric science, space science, as well as medical applications. In this work, we report on an innovative technique of quartz-enhanced multiheterodyne resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEMR-PAS), in which the beat frequency response from a dual comb is frequency down-converted into the audio frequency domain. In this way, gas molecules act as an optical-acoustic converter through the photoacoustic effect, generating heterodyne sound waves. Unlike conventional DCS, where the light wave is detected by a wavelength-dependent photoreceiver, QEMR-PAS employs a quartz tuning fork (QTF) as a high-Q sound transducer and works in conjunction with a phase-sensitive detector to extract the resonant sound component from the multiple heterodyne acoustic tones, resulting in a straightforward and low-cost hardware configuration. This novel QEMR-PAS technique enables wavelength-independent DCS detection for gas sensing, providing an unprecedented dynamic range of 63 dB, a remarkable spectral resolution of 43 MHz (or ~0.3 pm), and a prominent noise equivalent absorption of 5.99 × 10-6 cm-1·Hz-1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hongpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Angelo Sampaolo
- PolySense Lab, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, CNR-IFN, Via Amendola 173, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Patimisco
- PolySense Lab, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, CNR-IFN, Via Amendola 173, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Spagnolo
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- PolySense Lab, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, CNR-IFN, Via Amendola 173, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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3
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Tomaszewska-Rolla D, Jaworski P, Wu D, Yu F, Foltynowicz A, Krzempek K, Soboń G. Mid-infrared optical frequency comb spectroscopy using an all-silica antiresonant hollow-core fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:10679-10689. [PMID: 38571273 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We present the first mid-infrared optical frequency comb spectrometer employing an absorption cell based on self-fabricated, all-silica antiresonant hollow-core fiber (ARHCF). The spectrometer is capable of measuring sub-mL sample volumes with 26 m interaction length and noise equivalent absorption sensitivity of 8.3 × 10-8 cm-1 Hz-1/2 per spectral element in the range of 2900 cm-1 to 3100 cm-1. Compared to a commercially available multipass cell, the ARHCF offers a similar interaction length in a 1000 times lower gas sample volume and a 2.8 dB lower transmission loss, resulting in better absorption sensitivity. The broad transmission windows of ARHCFs, in combination with a tunable optical frequency comb, make them ideal for multispecies detection, while the prospect of measuring samples in small volumes makes them a competitive technique to photoacoustic spectroscopy along with the robustness and prospect of coiling the ARHCFs open doors for miniaturization and out-of-laboratory applications.
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Guan G, Liu A, Wu X, Zheng C, Liu Z, Zheng K, Pi M, Yan G, Zheng J, Wang Y, Tittel FK. Near-Infrared Off-Axis Cavity-Enhanced Optical Frequency Comb Spectroscopy for CO 2/CO Dual-Gas Detection Assisted by Machine Learning. ACS Sens 2024; 9:820-829. [PMID: 38288631 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS) is widely used as a highly sensitive gas sensing technology in various gas detection fields. For the on-axis coupling incidence scheme, the detection accuracy and stability are seriously affected by the cavity-mode noise, and therefore, stable operation inevitably requires external electronic mode-locking and sweeping devices, substantially increasing system complexity. To address this issue, we propose off-axis cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy from both theoretical and experimental aspects, which is applied to the detection of single- and dual-gas of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the near-infrared. An erbium-doped fiber frequency comb with a repetition frequency of ∼41.709 MHz is coupled into a resonant cavity with a length of ∼360 mm in an off-axis manner, exciting numerous high-order modes to effectively suppress cavity-mode noise. The performance of multiple machine learning models is compared for the inversion of a single/dual gas concentration. A few absorbance spectra are collected to build a sample data set, which is then utilized for model training and learning. The results demonstrate that the Particle Swarm Optimization Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM) model achieves the highest predictive accuracy for gas concentration and is ultimately applied to the detection system. Based on Allan deviation, the detection limit for CO in single-gas detection can reach 8.247 parts per million by volume (ppmv) by averaging 87 spectra. Meanwhile, for simultaneous CO2/CO measurement with highly overlapping absorbance spectra, the LoD can be reduced to 13.196 and 4.658 ppmv, respectively. The proposed optical gas sensing technique indicates the potential for the development of a field-deployable and intelligent sensor system capable of simultaneous detection of multiple gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangyun Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Chuantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Research Center for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyuan Zheng
- Photonics Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P.R. China
| | - Mingquan Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Yan
- Research Center for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Frank K Tittel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Li JT, Chang B, Du JT, Tan T, Geng Y, Zhou H, Liang YP, Zhang H, Yan GF, Ma LM, Ran ZL, Wang ZN, Yao BC, Rao YJ. Coherently parallel fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing using dual Kerr soliton microcombs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadf8666. [PMID: 38241376 PMCID: PMC10798552 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has proven to be a revolutionary technology for the detection of seismic and acoustic waves with ultralarge scale and ultrahigh sensitivity, and is widely used in oil/gas industry and intrusion monitoring. Nowadays, the single-frequency laser source in DAS becomes one of the bottlenecks limiting its advance. Here, we report a dual-comb-based coherently parallel DAS concept, enabling linear superposition of sensing signals scaling with the comb-line number to result in unprecedented sensitivity enhancement, straightforward fading suppression, and high-power Brillouin-free transmission that can extend the detection distance considerably. Leveraging 10-line comb pairs, a world-class detection limit of 560 fε/√Hz@1 kHz with 5 m spatial resolution is achieved. Such a combination of dual-comb metrology and DAS technology may open an era of extremely sensitive DAS at the fε/√Hz level, leading to the creation of next-generation distributed geophones and sonars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ting Li
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jun-Ting Du
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Teng Tan
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yong Geng
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yu-Pei Liang
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Guo-Feng Yan
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ling-Mei Ma
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zeng-Ling Ran
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zi-Nan Wang
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Bai-Cheng Yao
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Rao
- Fiber Optics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 310000, China
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6
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Wang Z, Nie Q, Sun H, Wang Q, Borri S, De Natale P, Ren W. Cavity-enhanced photoacoustic dual-comb spectroscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:11. [PMID: 38177145 PMCID: PMC10767139 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoacoustic dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS), converting spectral information in the optical frequency domain to the audio frequency domain via multi-heterodyne beating, enables background-free spectral measurements with high resolution and broad bandwidth. However, the detection sensitivity remains limited due to the low power of individual comb lines and the lack of broadband acoustic resonators. Here, we develop cavity-enhanced photoacoustic DCS, which overcomes these limitations by using a high-finesse optical cavity for the power amplification of dual-frequency combs and a broadband acoustic resonator with a flat-top frequency response. We demonstrate high-resolution spectroscopic measurements of trace amounts of C2H2, NH3 and CO in the entire telecommunications C-band. The method shows a minimum detection limit of 0.6 ppb C2H2 at the measurement time of 100 s, corresponding to the noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 7 × 10-10 cm-1. The proposed cavity-enhanced photoacoustic DCS may open new avenues for ultrasensitive, high-resolution, and multi-species gas detection with widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qinxue Nie
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haojia Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130033, Changchun, China.
| | - Simone Borri
- CNR-INO-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, and LENS-European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo De Natale
- CNR-INO-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, and LENS-European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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7
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Ren X, Pan J, Yan M, Sheng J, Yang C, Zhang Q, Ma H, Wen Z, Huang K, Wu H, Zeng H. Dual-comb optomechanical spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5037. [PMID: 37596269 PMCID: PMC10439198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical cavities are essential for enhancing the sensitivity of molecular absorption spectroscopy, which finds widespread high-sensitivity gas sensing applications. However, the use of high-finesse cavities confines the wavelength range of operation and prevents broader applications. Here, we take a different approach to ultrasensitive molecular spectroscopy, namely dual-comb optomechanical spectroscopy (DCOS), by integrating the high-resolution multiplexing capabilities of dual-comb spectroscopy with cavity optomechanics through photoacoustic coupling. By exciting the molecules photoacoustically with dual-frequency combs and sensing the molecular-vibration-induced ultrasound waves with a cavity-coupled mechanical resonator, we measure high-resolution broadband ( > 2 THz) overtone spectra for acetylene gas and obtain a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 1.71 × 10-11 cm-1·W·Hz-1/2 with 30 GHz simultaneous spectral bandwidth. Importantly, the optomechanical resonator allows broadband dual-comb excitation. Our approach not only enriches the practical applications of the emerging cavity optomechanics technology but also offers intriguing possibilities for multi-species trace gas detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401120, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China.
| | - Jiteng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qiankun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, 201315, China.
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
| | - Heping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401120, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China.
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250101, China.
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8
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Dual-comb optical activity spectroscopy for the analysis of vibrational optical activity induced by external magnetic field. Nat Commun 2023; 14:883. [PMID: 36797264 PMCID: PMC9935641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical activity (OA) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to characterize molecular chirality, explore the stereo-specific structure and study the solution-state conformation of biomolecules, which is widely utilized in the fields of molecular chirality, pharmaceutics and analytical chemistry. Due to the considerably weak effect, OA spectral analysis has high demands on measurement speed and sensitivity, especially for organic biomolecules. Moreover, gas-phase OA measurements require higher resolution to resolve Doppler-limited profiles. Here, we show the unmatched potential of dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) in magnetic optical activity spectroscopy (MOAS) of gas-phase molecules with the resolution of hundred-MHz level and the high-speed measurement of sub-millisecond level. As a demonstration, we achieved the rapid, high-precision and high-resolution MOAS measurement of the nitrogen dioxide [Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text] band and the nitric oxide overtone band, which can be used to analyze fine structure of molecules. Besides, the preliminary demonstration of liquid-phase chiroptical activity (as weak as 10-5) has been achieved with several seconds of sampling time, which could become a routine approach enabling ultrafast dynamics analysis of chiral structural conformations.
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9
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A photoacoustic patch for three-dimensional imaging of hemoglobin and core temperature. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7757. [PMID: 36522334 PMCID: PMC9755152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic patches, based on various mechanisms, allow continuous and noninvasive monitoring of biomolecules on the skin surface. However, to date, such devices are unable to sense biomolecules in deep tissues, which have a stronger and faster correlation with the human physiological status than those on the skin surface. Here, we demonstrate a photoacoustic patch for three-dimensional (3D) mapping of hemoglobin in deep tissues. This photoacoustic patch integrates an array of ultrasonic transducers and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes on a common soft substrate. The high-power VCSEL diodes can generate laser pulses that penetrate >2 cm into biological tissues and activate hemoglobin molecules to generate acoustic waves, which can be collected by the transducers for 3D imaging of the hemoglobin with a high spatial resolution. Additionally, the photoacoustic signal amplitude and temperature have a linear relationship, which allows 3D mapping of core temperatures with high accuracy and fast response. With access to biomolecules in deep tissues, this technology adds unprecedented capabilities to wearable electronics and thus holds significant implications for various applications in both basic research and clinical practice.
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10
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Ren X, Yan M, Wen Z, Ma H, Li R, Huang K, Zeng H. Dual-comb quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 28:100403. [PMID: 36164583 PMCID: PMC9508165 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) using two optical combs is a new-born technique, offering appealing features, including broad optical bandwidths, high resolutions, fast acquisition speeds, and wavelength-independent photoacoustic detection, for chemical sensing. However, its further application to, e.g., trace detection, is jeopardized due to the fundamentally and technically limited sensitivity and specificity. Here, we take a different route to comb-enabled PAS with acoustically enhanced sensitivity and nonlinear spectral hole-burning defined resolution. We demonstrate dual-comb quartz-enhanced PAS with two near-infrared electro-optic combs and a quartz tuning fork. Comb-line-resolved multiplexed spectra are acquired for acetylene with a single-pass detection limit at the parts-per-billion level. The technique is further extended to the mid-infrared (for methane), enabling improved sensitivity. More importantly, we measure nonlinear dual-comb photoacoustic spectra for the 12C2H2 ν1 + ν3 band P(17) transition with sub-Doppler pressure-broadening dominated homogeneous linewidths (e.g., 45.8 MHz), hence opening up new opportunities for Doppler-free photoacoustic gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Heping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
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11
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Caldwell ED, Sinclair LC, Newbury NR, Deschenes JD. The time-programmable frequency comb and its use in quantum-limited ranging. Nature 2022; 610:667-673. [PMID: 36198795 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two decades after its invention, the classic self-referenced frequency comb laser is an unrivalled ruler for frequency, time and distance metrology owing to the rigid spacing of its optical output1,2. As a consequence, it is now used in numerous sensing applications that require a combination of high bandwidth and high precision3-5. Many of these applications, however, are limited by the trade-offs inherent in the rigidity of the comb output and operate far from quantum-limited sensitivity. Here we demonstrate an agile programmable frequency comb where the pulse time and phase are digitally controlled with ±2-attosecond accuracy. This agility enables quantum-limited sensitivity in sensing applications as the programmable comb can be configured to coherently track weak returning pulse trains at the shot-noise limit. To highlight its capabilities, we use this programmable comb in a ranging system, reducing the required power to reach a given precision by about 5,000-fold compared with a conventional dual-comb system. This enables ranging at a mean photon per pulse number of 1/77 while retaining the full accuracy and precision of a rigid frequency comb. Beyond ranging and imaging6-12, applications in time and frequency metrology1,2,5,13-23, comb-based spectroscopy24-32, pump-probe experiments33 and compressive sensing34,35 should benefit from coherent control of the comb-pulse time and phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Caldwell
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laura C Sinclair
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Nathan R Newbury
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO, USA.
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12
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Tian H, Li R, Sterczewski LA, Kato T, Asahara A, Minoshima K. Quasi-real-time dual-comb spectroscopy with 750-MHz Yb:fiber combs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:28427-28437. [PMID: 36299038 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present quasi-real-time dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) using two Yb:fiber combs with ∼750 MHz repetition rates. A computational coherent averaging technique is employed to correct timing and phase fluctuations of the measured dual-comb interferogram (IGM). Quasi-real-time phase correction of 1-ms long acquisitions occurs every 1.5 seconds and is assisted by coarse radio frequency (RF) phase-locking of an isolated RF comb mode. After resampling and global offset phase correction, the RF comb linewidth is reduced from 200 kHz to ∼1 kHz, while the line-to-floor ratio increases 13 dB in power in 1 ms. Using simultaneous offset frequency correction in opposite phases, we correct the aliased RF spectrum spanning three Nyquist zones, which yields an optical coverage of ∼180 GHz around 1.035 µm probed on a sub-microsecond timescale. The absorption profile of gaseous acetylene is observed to validate the presented technique.
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13
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhang H, Jiang S, Wang Y, Jin W, Ren W. Dual-comb photothermal spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2181. [PMID: 35449158 PMCID: PMC9023540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) has revolutionized optical spectroscopy by providing broadband spectral measurements with unprecedented resolution and fast response. Photothermal spectroscopy (PTS) with a pump-probe configuration offers a highly sensitive gas sensing method, which is normally performed using a single-wavelength pump laser. The merging of PTS with DCS may enable a spectroscopic method by taking advantage of both technologies, which has never been studied yet. Here, we report dual-comb photothermal spectroscopy (DC-PTS) by passing dual combs and a probe laser through a gas-filled anti-resonant hollow-core fiber, where the generated multi-heterodyne modulation of the refractive index is sensitively detected by an in-line interferometer. As an example, we have measured photothermal spectra of acetylene over 1 THz, showing a good agreement with the spectral database. Our proposed DC-PTS provides opportunities for broadband gas sensing with super-fine resolution and high sensitivity, as well as with a small sample volume and compact configuration. 'Recent developments in spectroscopy have witnessed the establishment of dual-comb techniques. In this work the authors demonstrate dual-comb photothermal spectroscopy providing gas sensing with superfine resolution and high sensitivity
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130033, Changchun, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130033, Changchun, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shoulin Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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14
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Rossi J, Uotila J, Sharma S, Hieta T, Laurila T, Teissier R, Baranov A, Ikonen E, Vainio M. Optical power detector with broad spectral coverage, high detectivity, and large dynamic range. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1689-1692. [PMID: 35363719 DOI: 10.1364/ol.455191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical power measurements are needed in practically all technologies based on light. Here, we report a general-purpose optical power detector based on the photoacoustic effect. Optical power incident on the detector's black absorber produces an acoustic signal, which is further converted into an electrical signal using a silicon-cantilever pressure transducer. We demonstrate an exceptionally large spectral coverage from ultraviolet to far infrared, with the possibility for further extension to the terahertz region. The linear dynamic range of the detector reaches 80 dB, ranging from a noise-equivalent power of 6 n W/H z to 600 mW (independent of signal averaging time).
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15
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Voumard T, Darvill J, Wildi T, Ludwig M, Mohr C, Hartl I, Herr T. 1-GHz dual-comb spectrometer with high mutual coherence for fast and broadband measurements. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1379-1382. [PMID: 35290318 DOI: 10.1364/ol.448575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dual-frequency comb spectroscopy permits broadband precision spectroscopy with high acquisition rate. The combs' repetition rates as well as the mutual coherence between the combs are key to fast and broadband measurements. Here, we demonstrate a 1-GHz high-repetition-rate dual-comb system with high mutual coherence (sub-Hz heterodyne beatnotes) based on mature, digitally controlled, low-noise erbium-doped mode-locked lasers. Two spectroscopy experiments are performed with acquisition parameters not attainable in a 100-MHz system: detection of water vapor absorption around 1375 nm, illustrating the potential for fast and ambiguity-free broadband operation, as well as acquisition of narrow gas absorption features across a spectral span of 0.6 THz (600 comb lines) in only 5 μs.
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16
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Liew WH, Chen Y, Alexe M, Yao K. Fast Photostriction in Ferroelectrics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106275. [PMID: 35018720 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced nonthermal strain, known as the photostrictive effect, offers a potential way to excite mechanical strain and acoustic wave remotely. The anisotropic photostrictive effect induced by the combination of bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) and converse piezoelectric effect in ferroelectric materials is known as too small and slow for the applications requiring a high strain rate, such as ultrasound generation and high-speed signal transmission. Here, a strategy to achieve high rate dynamic photostrictive strain by utilizing local fast responses under modulating continuous light excitation in the resonance condition is reported. A strain rate of 8.06 × 10-3 s-1 is demonstrated under continuous light excitation, which is at least one order of magnitude higher than previous studies on bulk samples as seen in the literature. The significant photostrictive response exists even in depoled ferroelectric material without overall polarization. The theoretical analyses show that fast ferroelectric photostriction can be obtained through the combinational interaction mechanism of local BPVE and local converse piezoelectric effect existing only in the microscopic scale, thus circumventing the slow and low efficient BPVE charging up process across the macroscopic electrical terminals. The achieved fast photostriction and new understandings will open new opportunities to realize future wireless signal transmission and light-acoustic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Heng Liew
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yunjie Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Marin Alexe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kui Yao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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17
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Fu B, Cheng Y, Shang C, Li J, Wang G, Zhang C, Sun J, Ma J, Ji X, He B. Optical ultrasound sensors for photoacoustic imaging: a narrative review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:1608-1631. [PMID: 35111652 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Optical ultrasound sensors have been increasingly employed in biomedical diagnosis and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) due to high sensitivity and resolution. PAI could visualize the distribution of ultrasound excited by laser pulses in biological tissues. The information of tissues is detected by ultrasound sensors in order to reconstruct structural images. However, traditional ultrasound transducers are made of piezoelectric films that lose sensitivity quadratically with the size reduction. In addition, the influence of electromagnetic interference limits further applications of traditional ultrasound transducers. Therefore, optical ultrasound sensors are developed to overcome these shortcomings. In this review, optical ultrasound sensors are classified into resonant and non-resonant ones in view of physical principles. The principles and basic parameters of sensors are introduced in detail. Moreover, the state of the art of optical ultrasound sensors and applications in PAI are also presented. Furthermore, the merits and drawbacks of sensors based on resonance and non-resonance are discussed in perspectives. We believe this review could provide researchers with a better understanding of the current status of optical ultrasound sensors and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Shang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Ma
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Neurosurgery Department of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boqu He
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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18
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Barik P, Pradhan M. Selectivity in trace gas sensing: recent developments, challenges, and future perspectives. Analyst 2022; 147:1024-1054. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02070f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity is one of the most crucial figures of merit in trace gas sensing, and thus a comprehensive assessment is necessary to have a clear picture of sensitivity, selectivity, and their interrelations in terms of quantitative and qualitative views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspendu Barik
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
| | - Manik Pradhan
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
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19
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Nguyen BQH, Maksymov IS, Suslov SA. Spectrally wide acoustic frequency combs generated using oscillations of polydisperse gas bubble clusters in liquids. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:035104. [PMID: 34654181 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.035104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic frequency combs leverage unique properties of the optical frequency comb technology in high-precision measurements and innovative sensing in optically inaccessible environments such as under water, under ground, or inside living organisms. Because acoustic combs with wide spectra would be required for many of these applications but techniques of their generation have not yet been developed, here we propose an approach to the creation of spectrally wide acoustic combs using oscillations of polydisperse gas bubble clusters in liquids. By means of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that clusters consisting of bubbles with precisely controlled sizes can produce wide acoustic spectra composed of equally spaced coherent peaks. We show that under typical experimental conditions, bubble clusters remain stable over time, which is required for a reliable recording of comb signals. We also demonstrate that the spectral composition of combs can be tuned by adjusting the number and size of bubbles in a cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Quoc Huy Nguyen
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Ivan S Maksymov
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Sergey A Suslov
- Department of Mathematics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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20
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Stroud JR, Simon JB, Wagner GA, Plusquellic DF. Interleaved electro-optic dual comb generation to expand bandwidth and scan rate for molecular spectroscopy and dynamics studies near 1.6 µm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:33155-33170. [PMID: 34809133 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A chirped-pulse interleaving method is reported for generation of dual optical frequency combs based on electro-optic phase modulators (EOM) in a free-running all-fiber based system. Methods are discussed to easily modify the linear scan rate and comb resolution by more than three orders of magnitude and to significantly increase the spectral bandwidth coverage. The agility of the technique is shown to both capture complex line shapes and to magnify rapid passage effects in spectroscopic and molecular dynamics studies of CO2. These methods are well-suited for applications in the areas of remote sensing of greenhouse gas emissions, molecular reaction dynamics, and sub-Doppler studies across the wide spectral regions accessible to EOMs.
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21
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Chen W, Ye F, Yin J, Yang GF. A high-contrast photoacoustic agent with near-infrared emission. Methods Enzymol 2021; 657:223-247. [PMID: 34353489 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benzobisthiadiazole as a typical electron acceptor, has been widely used to design fluorescent dyes and photoacoustic (PA) agents. With the strategy of constructing donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type of electron characteristics, benzobisthiadiazole derivatives tend to behave stable in near-infrared absorption and emission, which is beneficial to PA imaging. In this chapter, two molecular design strategies are combined to improve the photoacoustic imaging effects of new PA contrast agent IR-1302 NPs, by installing strengthened conjugated bridges and electron donors. The nanoparticles exhibit high-contrast noninvasive photoacoustic imaging in tumor models with longer wavelength absorption and emission and show potential as a clinic contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fengying Ye
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, PR China.
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22
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Acousto-Optic Comb Interrogation System for Random Fiber Grating Sensors with Sub-nm Resolution. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21123967. [PMID: 34201405 PMCID: PMC8230059 DOI: 10.3390/s21123967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The broad-frequency response and nanometer-range displacements of ultrasound detection are essential for the characterization of small cracks, structural health monitoring and non-destructive evaluation. Those perturbations are generated at sub-nano-strain to nano-strain levels. This corresponds to the sub-nm level and, therefore, to about 0.1% of wavelength change at 1550 nm, making it difficult to detect them by conventional interferometric techniques. In this paper, we propose a demodulation system to read the random fiber grating spectrum using a self-heterodyne acousto-optic frequency comb. The system uses a self-heterodyne approach to extract phase and amplitude modulated signals to detect surface acoustic waves with sub-nanometer amplitudes in the frequency domain. The method can detect acoustic frequencies of 1 MHz and the associated displacement. The system is calibrated via phase detection with a heterodyne interferometer, which has a limited frequency response of up to 200 kHz. The goal is to achieve sub-nanometer strain detection at MHz frequency with random fiber gratings.
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23
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Jin W, Zhang H, Hu M, Hu M, Wei Y, Liang J, Kan R, Wang Q. A Robust Optical Sensor for Remote Multi-Species Detection Combining Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Normalized Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1073. [PMID: 33557382 PMCID: PMC7915438 DOI: 10.3390/s21041073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
By combining frequency-division multiplexing and normalized wavelength modulation spectroscopy, a robust remote multi-species sensor was developed and demonstrated for practical hydrocarbon monitoring. Independently modulated laser beams are combined to simultaneously interrogate different gas samples using an open-ended centimeter-size multipass cell. Gas species of interest are demodulated with the second harmonics to enhance sensitivity, and high immunity to laser power variation is achieved by normalizing to the corresponding first harmonics. Performance of the optical sensor was experimentally evaluated using methane (CH4) and acetylene (C2H2) samples, which were separated by a 3-km fiber cable from the laser source. Sub-ppm sensitivity with 1-s time resolution was achieved for both gas species. Moreover, even with large laser intensity fluctuations ranging from 0 to 6 dB, the noise can be kept within 1.38 times as much as that of a stable intensity case. The reported spectroscopic technique would provide a promising optical sensor for remote monitoring of multi hazardous gases with high robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (W.J.); (H.Z.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (W.J.); (H.Z.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (W.J.); (H.Z.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Mengpeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (W.J.); (H.Z.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yubin Wei
- Institute of Laser, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Jingqiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (W.J.); (H.Z.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Ruifeng Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (W.J.); (H.Z.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (W.J.); (H.Z.); (M.H.); (M.H.); (J.L.); (R.K.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Nguyen BQH, Maksymov IS, Suslov SA. Acoustic frequency combs using gas bubble cluster oscillations in liquids: a proof of concept. Sci Rep 2021; 11:38. [PMID: 33420180 PMCID: PMC7794338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a new approach to the generation of acoustic frequency combs (AFC)-signals with spectra containing equidistant coherent peaks. AFCs are essential for a number of sensing and measurement applications, where the established technology of optical frequency combs suffers from fundamental physical limitations. Our proof-of-principle experiments demonstrate that nonlinear oscillations of a gas bubble cluster in water insonated by a low-pressure single-frequency ultrasound wave produce signals with spectra consisting of equally spaced peaks originating from the interaction of the driving ultrasound wave with the response of the bubble cluster at its natural frequency. The so-generated AFC posses essential characteristics of optical frequency combs and thus, similar to their optical counterparts, can be used to measure various physical, chemical and biological quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Quoc Huy Nguyen
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Ivan S Maksymov
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
| | - Sergey A Suslov
- Department of Mathematics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
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25
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Wildi T, Voumard T, Brasch V, Yilmaz G, Herr T. Photo-acoustic dual-frequency comb spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4164. [PMID: 32820155 PMCID: PMC7441402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-acoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is one of the most sensitive non-destructive analysis techniques for gases, fluids and solids. It can operate background-free at any wavelength and is applicable to microscopic and even non-transparent samples. Extension of PAS to broadband wavelength coverage is a powerful tool, though challenging to implement without sacrifice of wavelength resolution and acquisition speed. Here we show that dual-frequency comb spectroscopy (DCS) and its potential for unmatched precision, speed and wavelength coverage can be combined with the advantages of photo-acoustic detection. Acoustic wave interferograms are generated in the sample by dual-comb absorption and detected by a microphone. As an example, weak gas absorption features are precisely and rapidly sampled; long-term coherent averaging further increases the sensitivity. This novel approach of dual-frequency comb photo-acoustic spectroscopy (DCPAS) generates unprecedented opportunities for rapid and sensitive multi-species molecular analysis across all wavelengths of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Wildi
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thibault Voumard
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor Brasch
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gürkan Yilmaz
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Herr
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), Rue de l'Observatoire 58, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
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