1
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Rasche R, Apken LH, Michalke E, Kümmel D, Oeckinghaus A. κB-Ras proteins are fast-exchanging GTPases and function via nucleotide-independent binding of Ral GTPase-activating protein complexes. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1769-1782. [PMID: 38604989 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
κB-Ras (NF-κB inhibitor-interacting Ras-like protein) GTPases are small Ras-like GTPases but harbor interesting differences in important sequence motifs. They act in a tumor-suppressive manner as negative regulators of Ral (Ras-like) GTPase and NF-κB signaling, but little is known about their mode of function. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to predictions based on primary structure, κB-Ras GTPases possess hydrolytic activity. Combined with low nucleotide affinity, this renders them fast-cycling GTPases that are predominantly GTP-bound in cells. We characterize the impact of κB-Ras mutations occurring in tumors and demonstrate that nucleotide binding affects κB-Ras stability but is not strictly required for RalGAP (Ral GTPase-activating protein) binding. This demonstrates that κB-Ras control of RalGAP/Ral signaling occurs in a nucleotide-binding- and switch-independent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rasche
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Münster, Germany
| | | | - Esther Michalke
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Kümmel
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Münster, Germany
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2
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Wu Y, Lee M, Mutlu AS, Wang M, Reiner DJ. RAL-1 signaling regulates lipid composition in C. elegans. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001054. [PMID: 38454952 PMCID: PMC10918476 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Signaling by the Ral small GTPase is poorly understood in vivo . Caenorhabditis elegans animals with constitutively activated RAL-1 or deficient for the inhibitory RalGAP, HGAP-1 /2, display pale intestines. Staining with Oil Red O detected decreased intestinal lipids in the hgap-1 deletion mutant relative to the wild type. Constitutively activated RAL-1 decreased lipid detected by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, a label-free method of detecting lipid by laser excitation and detection. A signaling-deficient missense mutant for RAL-1 also displayed reduced lipid staining via SRS. We conclude that RAL-1 signaling regulates lipid homeostasis, biosynthesis or storage in live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX
| | - Minjung Lee
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX
| | - A. Sena Mutlu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Meng Wang
- Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, United States
| | - David J. Reiner
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX
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3
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Su Y, Wang F, Lei Z, Li J, Ma M, Yan Y, Zhang W, Chen X, Xu B, Hu T. An Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Identifying Immune Subtypes of Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:142. [PMID: 38203311 PMCID: PMC10779306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited studies have explored novel pancreatic cancer (PC) subtypes or prognostic biomarkers based on the altered activity of relevant signaling pathway gene sets. Here, we employed non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to identify three immune subtypes of PC based on C7 immunologic signature gene set activity in PC and normal samples. Cluster 1, the immune-inflamed subtype, showed a higher response rate to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and had the lowest tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores. Cluster 2, the immune-excluded subtype, exhibited strong associations with stromal activation, characterized by elevated expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes. Cluster 3, the immune-desert subtype, displayed limited immune activity. For prognostic prediction, we developed an immune-related prognostic risk model (IRPM) based on four immune-related prognostic genes in pancreatic cancer, RHOF, CEP250, TSC1, and KIF20B. The IRPM demonstrated excellent prognostic efficacy and successful validation in an external cohort. Notably, the key gene in the prognostic model, RHOF, exerted significant influence on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through in vitro experiments. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of somatic mutational landscapes and immune landscapes in PC patients with different IRPM risk scores. Our findings accurately stratified patients based on their immune microenvironment and predicted immunotherapy responses, offering valuable insights for clinicians in developing more targeted clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Su
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (F.W.)
| | - Fen Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (F.W.)
| | - Ziyu Lei
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (F.W.)
| | - Jiangquan Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (F.W.)
| | - Miaomiao Ma
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (F.W.)
| | - Ying Yan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (F.W.)
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (F.W.)
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (F.W.)
| | - Beibei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.S.); (F.W.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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4
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Postler TS, Wang A, Brundu FG, Wang P, Wu Z, Butler KE, Grinberg-Bleyer Y, Krishnareddy S, Lagana SM, Saqi A, Oeckinghaus A, Rabadan R, Ghosh S. A pan-cancer analysis implicates human NKIRAS1 as a tumor-suppressor gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312595120. [PMID: 37931099 PMCID: PMC10655574 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312595120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB family of transcription factors and the Ras family of small GTPases are important mediators of proproliferative signaling that drives tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis. The κB-Ras proteins were previously shown to inhibit both NF-κB and Ras activation through independent mechanisms, implicating them as tumor suppressors with potentially broad relevance to human cancers. In this study, we have used two mouse models to establish the relevance of the κB-Ras proteins for tumorigenesis. Additionally, we have utilized a pan-cancer bioinformatics analysis to explore the role of the κB-Ras proteins in human cancers. Surprisingly, we find that the genes encoding κB-Ras 1 (NKIRAS1) and κB-Ras 2 (NKIRAS2) are rarely down-regulated in tumor samples with oncogenic Ras mutations. Reduced expression of human NKIRAS1 alone is associated with worse prognosis in at least four cancer types and linked to a network of genes implicated in tumorigenesis. Our findings provide direct evidence that loss of NKIRAS1 in human tumors that do not carry oncogenic RAS mutations is associated with worse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Anqi Wang
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Francesco G. Brundu
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Zikai Wu
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Kelly E. Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Suneeta Krishnareddy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Stephen M. Lagana
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Andrea Oeckinghaus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
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5
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Pethő Z, Najder K, Beel S, Fels B, Neumann I, Schimmelpfennig S, Sargin S, Wolters M, Grantins K, Wardelmann E, Mitkovski M, Oeckinghaus A, Schwab A. Acid-base homeostasis orchestrated by NHE1 defines the pancreatic stellate cell phenotype in pancreatic cancer. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170928. [PMID: 37643024 PMCID: PMC10619433 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progresses in an organ with a unique pH landscape, where the stroma acidifies after each meal. We hypothesized that disrupting this pH landscape during PDAC progression triggers pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to induce PDAC fibrosis. We revealed that alkaline environmental pH was sufficient to induce PSC differentiation to a myofibroblastic phenotype. We then mechanistically dissected this finding, focusing on the involvement of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1. Perturbing cellular pH homeostasis by inhibiting NHE1 with cariporide partially altered the myofibroblastic PSC phenotype. To show the relevance of this finding in vivo, we targeted NHE1 in murine PDAC (KPfC). Indeed, tumor fibrosis decreased when mice received the NHE1-inhibitor cariporide in addition to gemcitabine treatment. Moreover, the tumor immune infiltrate shifted from granulocyte rich to more lymphocytic. Taken together, our study provides mechanistic evidence on how the pancreatic pH landscape shapes pancreatic cancer through tuning PSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie Beel
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology II and
- Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Maria Wolters
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klavs Grantins
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Miso Mitkovski
- City Campus Light Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Oeckinghaus
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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6
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Yang H, Jiang P, Xiao P, Zhou H. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modified with microRNA-216a-5p Enhance Proliferation of Acinar Cells in Severe Acute Pancreatitis. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) modified with miR-216a-5p on acinar cell proliferation in SAP. 40 rats were equally assigned into miR-NC set, miR-216a-5p set, BMSC set and anti-miR-216a-5p set randomly. The SAP model was prepared using AR42J
cells which were disposed with CAE. Cells were transfected with lipidosome method to meaure miR-216-5p by RT-PCR, cell proliferation by CCK-8 along with analysis of cell clone formation and apoptosis. miR-216a-5p in modified BMSC was significantly upregulated compared with BMSC, indicating
that BMSC was modified with miR-216a-5p successfully. BMSC modified with miR-216a-5p significantly promoted cell proliferation and clone formation and decreased apoptosis. The luciferase activity in wild type of miR-216a-5p was reduced, indicating that miR-216-5p could target Pak2 gene. In
conclusion, proliferation of acinar cells in SAP is prompted and apoptosis ise reduced by BMSC modified with miR-216a-5p, which is possibly through targeting PAK2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Yang
- Department of Critical Medicine, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Pengfei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
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7
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Li QK, Hu Y, Chen L, Schnaubelt M, Cui Zhou D, Li Y, Lu RJH, Thiagarajan M, Hostetter G, Newton CJ, Jewell SD, Omenn G, Robles AI, Mesri M, Bathe OF, Zhang B, Ding L, Hruban RH, Chan DW, Zhang H. Neoplastic cell enrichment of tumor tissues using coring and laser microdissection for proteomic and genomic analyses of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:36. [PMID: 36266629 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of differentially expressed tumor-associated proteins and genomic alterations driving neoplasia is critical in the development of clinical assays to detect cancers and forms the foundation for understanding cancer biology. One of the challenges in the analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the low neoplastic cellularity and heterogeneous composition of bulk tumors. To enrich neoplastic cells from bulk tumor tissue, coring, and laser microdissection (LMD) sampling techniques have been employed. In this study, we assessed the protein and KRAS mutation changes associated with samples obtained by these enrichment techniques and evaluated the fraction of neoplastic cells in PDAC for proteomic and genomic analyses. METHODS Three fresh frozen PDAC tumors and their tumor-matched normal adjacent tissues (NATs) were obtained from three sampling techniques using bulk, coring, and LMD; and analyzed by TMT-based quantitative proteomics. The protein profiles and characterizations of differentially expressed proteins in three sampling groups were determined. These three PDACs and samples of five additional PDACs obtained by the same three sampling techniques were also subjected to genomic analysis to characterize KRAS mutations. RESULTS The neoplastic cellularity of eight PDACs ranged from less than 10% to over 80% based on morphological review. Distinctive proteomic patterns and abundances of certain tumor-associated proteins were revealed when comparing the tumors and NATs by different sampling techniques. Coring and bulk tissues had comparable proteome profiles, while LMD samples had the most distinct proteome composition compared to bulk tissues. Further genomic analysis of bulk, cored, or LMD samples demonstrated that KRAS mutations were significantly enriched in LMD samples while coring was less effective in enriching for KRAS mutations when bulk tissues contained a relatively low neoplastic cellularity. CONCLUSIONS In addition to bulk tissues, samples from LMD and coring techniques can be used for proteogenomic studies. The greatest enrichment of neoplastic cellularity is obtained with the LMD technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University, 400 N Broadway, Smith Bldg Rm 4011, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University, 400 N Broadway, Smith Bldg Rm 4011, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University, 400 N Broadway, Smith Bldg Rm 4011, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University, 400 N Broadway, Smith Bldg Rm 4011, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Daniel Cui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Washington University at Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Oncology, Washington University at Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rita Jui-Hsien Lu
- Department of Oncology, Washington University at Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gil Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Oliver F Bathe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Oncology, Washington University at Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University, 400 N Broadway, Smith Bldg Rm 4011, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University, 400 N Broadway, Smith Bldg Rm 4011, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University, 400 N Broadway, Smith Bldg Rm 4011, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Alshammari E, Zhang YX, Yang Z. Mechanistic and functional extrapolation of SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2 to pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3753-3766. [PMID: 36157542 PMCID: PMC9367238 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i29.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal neoplasms worldwide and represents the vast majority of pancreatic cancer cases. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms involved in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of PDAC is an urgent need, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against this deadly cancer. Here, we review the role of SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2 (SMYD2) in initiating and maintaining PDAC development through methylating multiple tumor suppressors and oncogenic proteins. Given the broad substrate specificity of SMYD2 and its involvement in diverse oncogenic signaling pathways in many other cancers, the mechanistic extrapolation of SMYD2 from these cancers to PDAC may allow for developing new hypotheses about the mechanisms driving PDAC tumor growth and metastasis, supporting a proposition that targeting SMYD2 could be a powerful strategy for the prevention and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eid Alshammari
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Ying-Xue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
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9
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Jiang T, Wei F, Xie K. Clinical significance of pancreatic ductal metaplasia. J Pathol 2022; 257:125-139. [PMID: 35170758 DOI: 10.1002/path.5883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal metaplasia (PDM) is the stepwise replacement of differentiated somatic cells with ductal or ductal-like cells in the pancreas. PDM is usually triggered by cellular and environmental insults. PDM development may involve all cell lineages of the pancreas, and acinar cells with the highest plasticity are the major source of PDM. Pancreatic progenitor cells are also involved as cells of origin or transitional intermediates. PDM is heterogeneous at the histological, cellular, and molecular levels and only certain subsets of PDM develop further into pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and then pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The formation and evolution of PDM is regulated at the cellular and molecular levels through a complex network of signaling pathways. The key molecular mechanisms that drive PDM formation and its progression into PanIN/PDAC remain unclear, but represent key targets for reversing or inhibiting PDM. Alternatively, PDM could be a source of pancreas regeneration, including both exocrine and endocrine components. Cellular aging and apoptosis are obstacles to PDM-to-PanIN progression or pancreas regeneration. Functional identification of the cellular and molecular events driving senescence and apoptosis in PDM and its progression would help not only to restrict the development of PDM into PanIN/PDAC, but may also facilitate pancreatic regeneration. This review systematically assesses recent advances in the understanding of PDM physiology and pathology, with a focus on its implications for enhancing regeneration and prevention of cancer. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Pathology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fang Wei
- Institute of Digestive Diseases Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Pathology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
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10
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Richardson DS, Spehar JM, Han DT, Chakravarthy PA, Sizemore ST. The RAL Enigma: Distinct Roles of RALA and RALB in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101645. [PMID: 35626682 PMCID: PMC9139244 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RALA and RALB are highly homologous small G proteins belonging to the RAS superfamily. Like other small GTPases, the RALs are molecular switches that can be toggled between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states to regulate diverse and critical cellular functions such as vesicle trafficking, filopodia formation, mitochondrial fission, and cytokinesis. The RAL paralogs are activated and inactivated by a shared set of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and utilize similar sets of downstream effectors. In addition to their important roles in normal cell biology, the RALs are known to be critical mediators of cancer cell survival, invasion, migration, and metastasis. However, despite their substantial similarities, the RALs often display striking functional disparities in cancer. RALA and RALB can have redundant, unique, or even antagonistic functions depending on cancer type. The molecular basis for these discrepancies remains an important unanswered question in the field of cancer biology. In this review we examine the functions of the RAL paralogs in normal cellular physiology and cancer biology with special consideration provided to situations where the roles of RALA and RALB are non-redundant.
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11
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Jun SY, Chun J, Kim SJ, Oh D, Kim JH, Kim MH, Hong SM. Granulocytic epithelial lesion (GEL) in heterotopic pancreas. Pancreatology 2022; 22:435-442. [PMID: 35283009 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is dependent on typical radiologic imaging and the presence of the granulocytic epithelial lesion (GEL), which is characterized by ductal neutrophilic infiltration with or without neutrophilic acinar infiltration. METHODS We evaluated GEL and related clinicopathologic factors in 165 resected heterotopic pancreata (HPs) [57 gastric (35%), 56 duodenal (34%), 30 omental (18%), and 22 jejunal (13%)] and 29 matched orthotopic pancreata routinely examined during surgery. RESULTS GEL was noted in 8% (13/165) of HPs, including ductal epithelial (6/13, 46%) and intraluminal (8/13, 62%) neutrophilic infiltrations. However, there was no GEL in orthotopic pancreata. Abdominal pain was observed in 6 (46%) patients with GEL-positive HPs. GEL was more commonly observed in HPs having symptoms (p = 0.029), a larger size (p = 0.028), and an infiltrative growth pattern (p = 0.006). In addition, periductal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis (both p < 0.001), interstitial fibrosis (p = 0.017), acinar neutrophilic infiltration (p = 0.032), venulitis (p = 0.050), acinar ductal metaplasia (ADM; p = 0.040), and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia/intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (PanIN/IPMN; p < 0.001) were more commonly seen in HPs with GEL than in those without GEL. Inflammatory bowel disease was present only in one patient with GEL-negative HP. CONCLUSIONS GELs are detected in a subset of HPs without clinical evidence of AIP. Therefore, for the diagnosis of AIP, GEL should be carefully interpreted with the context of other histologic, clinical, and radiologic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Jun
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Chun
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Oh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Li X, He J, Xie K. Molecular signaling in pancreatic ductal metaplasia: emerging biomarkers for detection and intervention of early pancreatic cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:201-225. [PMID: 35290607 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal metaplasia (PDM) is the transformation of potentially various types of cells in the pancreas into ductal or ductal-like cells, which eventually replace the existing differentiated somatic cell type(s). PDM is usually triggered by and manifests its ability to adapt to environmental stimuli and genetic insults. The development of PDM to atypical hyperplasia or dysplasia is an important risk factor for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Recent studies using genetically engineered mouse models, cell lineage tracing, single-cell sequencing and others have unraveled novel cellular and molecular insights in PDM formation and evolution. Those novel findings help better understand the cellular origins and functional significance of PDM and its regulation at cellular and molecular levels. Given that PDM represents the earliest pathological changes in PDA initiation and development, translational studies are beginning to define PDM-associated cell and molecular biomarkers that can be used to screen and detect early PDA and to enable its effective intervention, thereby truly and significantly reducing the dreadful mortality rate of PDA. This review will describe recent advances in the understanding of PDM biology with a focus on its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, and in biomarker discovery with clinical implications for the management of pancreatic regeneration and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Li
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Pathology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Digestive Diseases Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Pathology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Song Y, Sharipol A, Uchida H, Ingalls MH, Piraino L, Mereness JA, Moyston T, DeLouise LA, Ovitt CE, Benoit DS. Encapsulation of Primary Salivary Gland Acinar Cell Clusters and Intercalated Ducts (AIDUCs) within Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-Degradable Hydrogels to Maintain Tissue Structure and Function. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101948. [PMID: 34994104 PMCID: PMC8986612 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progress in the development of salivary gland regenerative strategies is limited by poor maintenance of the secretory function of salivary gland cells (SGCs) in vitro. To reduce the precipitous loss of secretory function, a modified approach to isolate intact acinar cell clusters and intercalated ducts (AIDUCs), rather than commonly used single cell suspension, is investigated. This isolation approach yields AIDUCs that maintain many of the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of intact glands. Encapsulation of AIDUCs in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable PEG hydrogels promotes self-assembly into salivary gland mimetics (SGm) with acinar-like structure. Expression of Mist1, a transcription factor associated with secretory function, is detectable throughout the in vitro culture period up to 14 days. Immunohistochemistry also confirms expression of acinar cell markers (NKCC1, PIP and AQP5), duct cell markers (K7 and K5), and myoepithelial cell markers (SMA). Robust carbachol and ATP-stimulated calcium flux is observed within the SGm for up to 14 days after encapsulation, indicating that secretory function is maintained. Though some acinar-to-ductal metaplasia is observed within SGm, it is reduced compared to previous reports. In conclusion, cell-cell interactions maintained within AIDUCs together with the hydrogel microenvironment may be a promising platform for salivary gland regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Azmeer Sharipol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hitoshi Uchida
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew H. Ingalls
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lindsay Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jared A. Mereness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tracey Moyston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Danielle S.W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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14
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Functional diversity in the RAS subfamily of small GTPases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:921-933. [PMID: 35356965 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RAS small GTPases regulate important signalling pathways and are notorious drivers of cancer development and progression. While most research to date has focused on understanding and addressing the oncogenic potential of three RAS oncogenes: HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS; the full RAS subfamily is composed of 35 related GTPases with diverse cellular functions. Most remain deeply understudied despite strong evolutionary conservation. Here, we highlight a group of 17 poorly characterized RAS GTPases that are frequently down-regulated in cancer and evidence suggests may function not as oncogenes, but as tumour suppressors. These GTPases remain largely enigmatic in terms of their cellular function, regulation, and interaction with effector proteins. They cluster within two families we designate as 'distal-RAS' (D-RAS; comprised of DIRAS, RASD, and RASL10) and 'CaaX-Less RAS' (CL-RAS; comprised of RGK, NKIRAS, RERG, and RASL11/12 GTPases). Evidence of a tumour suppressive role for many of these GTPases supports the premise that RAS subfamily proteins may collectively regulate cellular proliferation.
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15
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Li S, Xie K. Ductal metaplasia in pancreas. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Parte S, Nimmakayala RK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Acinar to ductal cell trans-differentiation: A prelude to dysplasia and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188669. [PMID: 34915061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the deadliest neoplastic epithelial malignancies and is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality by 2024. Five years overall survival being ~10%, mortality and incidence rates are disturbing. Acinar to ductal cell metaplasia (ADM) encompasses cellular reprogramming and phenotypic switch-over, making it a cardinal event in tumor initiation. Differential cues and varied regulatory factors drive synchronous functions of metaplastic cell populations leading to multiple cell fates and physiological outcomes. ADM is a precursor for developing early pre-neoplastic lesions further progressing into PC due to oncogenic signaling. Hence delineating molecular events guiding tumor initiation may provide cues for regenerative medicine and precision onco-medicine. Therefore, understanding PC pathogenesis and early diagnosis are crucial. We hereby provide a timely overview of the current progress in this direction and future perspectives we foresee unfolding in the best interest of patient well-being and better clinical management of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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17
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The isoflavone puerarin exerts anti-tumor activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by suppressing mTOR-mediated glucose metabolism. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25089-25105. [PMID: 34863080 PMCID: PMC8714170 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin (8-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4′, 7-dihydroxyisoflavone), a natural flavonoid compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Radix puerariae, have been demonstrated has potential anti-tumor effects via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of puerarin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. In this study, the tumor-suppressive effects of puerarin were determined by both in-vitro and in-vivo assays. The effects of puerarin on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs), and tumor growth and metastasis in PDAC xenograft mouse model were performed. Puerarin treatment significantly repressed PCC proliferation. Puerarin induced the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis of PCCs by causing a Bcl-2/Bax imbalance. Moreover, puerarin inhibited PCC migration and invasion by antagonizing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In nude mouse model, PDAC growth and metastasis were reduced by puerarin administration. Mechanistically, puerarin exerted its therapeutic effects on PDAC by suppressing Akt/mTOR signaling. Importantly, puerarin bound to the kinase domain of mTOR protein, affecting the activity of the surrounding amino acid residues associated with the binding of the ATP-Mg2+ complex. Further studies showed that the inhibitory effects of puerarin on PCCs were abolished by a mTOR activator, indicating a crucial role of mTOR in anti-tumor effects of puerarin in PDAC. As a result, puerarin hindered glucose uptake and metabolism by downregulating the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) dependent upon HIF-1α and glucose transporter GLUT1. Therefore, these findings indicated that puerarin has therapeutic potential for the treatment of PDAC by suppressing glucose uptake and metabolism via Akt/mTOR activity.
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18
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Tago K, Ohta S, Aoki-Ohmura C, Funakoshi-Tago M, Sashikawa M, Matsui T, Miyamoto Y, Wada T, Oshio T, Komine M, Matsugi J, Furukawa Y, Ohtsuki M, Yamauchi J, Yanagisawa K. K15 promoter-driven enforced expression of NKIRAS exhibits tumor suppressive activity against the development of DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20658. [PMID: 34667224 PMCID: PMC8526694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NKIRAS1 and NKIRAS2 (also called as κB-Ras) were identified as members of the atypical RAS family that suppress the transcription factor NF-κB. However, their function in carcinogenesis is still controversial. To clarify how NKIRAS acts on cellular transformation, we generated transgenic mice in which NKIRAS2 was forcibly expressed using a cytokeratin 15 (K15) promoter, which is mainly activated in follicle bulge cells. The ectopic expression of NKIRAS2 was mainly detected in follicle bulges of transgenic mice with NKIRAS2 but not in wild type mice. K15 promoter-driven expression of NKIRAS2 failed to affect the development of epidermis, which was evaluated using the expression of K10, K14, K15 and filaggrin. However, K15 promoter-driven expression of NKIRAS2 effectively suppressed the development of skin tumors induced by treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). This observation suggested that NKIRAS seemed to function as a tumor suppressor in follicle bulges. However, in the case of oncogenic HRAS-driven cellular transformation of murine fibroblasts, knockdown of NKIRAS2 expression drastically suppressed HRAS-mutant-provoked cellular transformation, suggesting that NKIRAS2 was required for the cellular transformation of murine fibroblasts. Furthermore, moderate enforced expression of NKIRAS2 augmented oncogenic HRAS-provoked cellular transformation, whereas an excess NKIRAS2 expression converted its functional role into a tumor suppressive phenotype, suggesting that NKIRAS seemed to exhibit a biphasic bell-shaped enhancing effect on HRAS-mutant-provoked oncogenic activity. Taken together, the functional role of NKIRAS in carcinogenesis is most likely determined by not only cellular context but also its expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tago
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ohta
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Chihiro Aoki-Ohmura
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Miho Sashikawa
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Cell Biology of the Skin, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Taeko Wada
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Oshio
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Jitsuhiro Matsugi
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Mamitaro Ohtsuki
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ken Yanagisawa
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
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Pancreatic Cancer Small Extracellular Vesicles (Exosomes): A Tale of Short- and Long-Distance Communication. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194844. [PMID: 34638330 PMCID: PMC8508300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Even today, pancreatic cancer still has a dismal prognosis. It is characterized by a lack of early symptoms and thus late diagnosis as well as early metastasis. The majority of patients suffer from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDACs communicate extensively with cellular components of their microenvironment, but also with distant metastatic niches to facilitate tumor progression and dissemination. This crosstalk is substantially enabled by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) with a size of 30–150 nm that are released from the tumor cells. sEVs carry bioactive cargos that reprogram target cells to promote tumor growth, migration, metastasis, immune evasion, or chemotherapy resistance. Interestingly, sEVs also carry novel diagnostic, prognostic and potentially also predictive biomarkers. Moreover, engineered sEVs may be utilized as therapeutic agents, improving treatment options. The role of sEVs for PDAC development, progression, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment is the focus of this review. Abstract Even with all recent advances in cancer therapy, pancreatic cancer still has a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 7%. The most prevalent tumor subtype is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDACs display an extensive crosstalk with their tumor microenvironment (TME), e.g., pancreatic stellate cells, but also immune cells to regulate tumor growth, immune evasion, and metastasis. In addition to crosstalk in the local TME, PDACs were shown to induce the formation of pre-metastatic niches in different organs. Recent advances have attributed many of these interactions to intercellular communication by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes). These nanovesicles are derived of endo-lysosomal structures (multivesicular bodies) with a size range of 30–150 nm. sEVs carry various bioactive cargos, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, or miRNAs and act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to educate recipient cells. In addition to tumor formation, progression, and metastasis, sEVs were described as potent biomarker platforms for diagnosis and prognosis of PDAC. Advances in sEV engineering have further indicated that sEVs might once be used as effective drug carriers. Thus, extensive sEV-based communication and applications as platform for biomarker analysis or vehicles for treatment suggest a major impact of sEVs in future PDAC research.
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20
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Inoue H, Eguchi A, Kobayashi Y, Usugi E, Yamada R, Tsuboi J, Akuta T, Horiki N, Iwasa M, Takei Y. Extracellular vesicles from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration samples contain a protein barcode. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2021; 29:394-403. [PMID: 34555251 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is very poor because early detection is difficult. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from cells associating with the cellular condition and circulated in the blood. We aimed to identify EV proteins from endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) biopsy samples in order to develop novel biomarkers for PDAC. METHODS Extracellular vesicles were isolated from EUS-FNA samples of 40 PDAC patients and six autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) patients to be used as a control. EV proteins were identified using nanoLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Intact EVs approximately 200 nm in diameter were detected from EUS-FNA samples. We identified 2059 or 1032 EV proteins in PDAC or AIP, respectively, and 1071 EV proteins were detected only in PDAC. One hundred and fifty-three EV proteins were significantly different between PDAC and AIP: 64 proteins were down-regulated in PDAC whereas 89 EV proteins were up-regulated in PDAC including mucins, keratins, Ras-related proteins, and olfactomedin-4, which proteins have been reported to be elevated in PDAC tissue/blood, or cultured pancreatic cancer cell lines. Notably, in the 89 up-regulated PDAC EV proteins we identified novel proteins including ADP-ribosylation factor 3, CD55, pyruvate kinase, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor. Out of 89 proteins, a total of 13 proteins including Ras-related proteins were significantly elevated in PDAC stages II-IV compared to PDAC stage I, including Ras-related proteins, moesin, and CD55. CONCLUSIONS The EV proteins obtained from EUS-FNA samples contain a PDAC-specific protein barcode. The EV proteins identified from EUS-FNA samples include promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and clinical staging of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,JST, PRETO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,Center for Physical and Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eri Usugi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Reiko Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Junya Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Teruo Akuta
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., Takahagi-shi, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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21
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Cao L, Huang C, Cui Zhou D, Hu Y, Lih TM, Savage SR, Krug K, Clark DJ, Schnaubelt M, Chen L, da Veiga Leprevost F, Eguez RV, Yang W, Pan J, Wen B, Dou Y, Jiang W, Liao Y, Shi Z, Terekhanova NV, Cao S, Lu RJH, Li Y, Liu R, Zhu H, Ronning P, Wu Y, Wyczalkowski MA, Easwaran H, Danilova L, Mer AS, Yoo S, Wang JM, Liu W, Haibe-Kains B, Thiagarajan M, Jewell SD, Hostetter G, Newton CJ, Li QK, Roehrl MH, Fenyö D, Wang P, Nesvizhskii AI, Mani DR, Omenn GS, Boja ES, Mesri M, Robles AI, Rodriguez H, Bathe OF, Chan DW, Hruban RH, Ding L, Zhang B, Zhang H. Proteogenomic characterization of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell 2021; 184:5031-5052.e26. [PMID: 34534465 PMCID: PMC8654574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor patient survival. Toward understanding the underlying molecular alterations that drive PDAC oncogenesis, we conducted comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of 140 pancreatic cancers, 67 normal adjacent tissues, and 9 normal pancreatic ductal tissues. Proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and glycoproteomic analyses were used to characterize proteins and their modifications. In addition, whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, methylation, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) were performed on the same tissues to facilitate an integrated proteogenomic analysis and determine the impact of genomic alterations on protein expression, signaling pathways, and post-translational modifications. To ensure robust downstream analyses, tumor neoplastic cellularity was assessed via multiple orthogonal strategies using molecular features and verified via pathological estimation of tumor cellularity based on histological review. This integrated proteogenomic characterization of PDAC will serve as a valuable resource for the community, paving the way for early detection and identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Chen Huang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Cui Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 631110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - T Mamie Lih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David J Clark
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | | | - Weiming Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jianbo Pan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuxing Liao
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiao Shi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadezhda V Terekhanova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 631110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 631110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Rita Jui-Hsien Lu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 631110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 631110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ruiyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 631110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Houxiang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 631110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Peter Ronning
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 631110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yige Wu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 631110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 631110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Hariharan Easwaran
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Arvind Singh Mer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | - Joshua M Wang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | | | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael H Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | | | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oliver F Bathe
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 631110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Parallel Rap1>RalGEF>Ral and Ras signals sculpt the C. elegans nervous system. Dev Biol 2021; 477:37-48. [PMID: 33991533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ras is the most commonly mutated oncogene in humans and uses three oncogenic effectors: Raf, PI3K, and RalGEF activation of Ral. Understanding the importance of RalGEF>Ral signaling in cancer is hampered by the paucity of knowledge about their function in animal development, particularly in cell movements. We found that mutations that disrupt function of RalGEF or Ral enhance migration phenotypes of mutants for genes with established roles in cell migration. We used as a model the migration of the canal associated neurons (CANs), and validated our results in HSN cell migration, neurite guidance, and general animal locomotion. These functions of RalGEF and Ral are specific to their control of Ral signaling output rather than other published functions of these proteins. In this capacity Ral functions cell autonomously as a permissive developmental signal. In contrast, we observed Ras, the canonical activator of RalGEF>Ral signaling in cancer, to function as an instructive signal. Furthermore, we unexpectedly identified a function for the close Ras relative, Rap1, consistent with activation of RalGEF>Ral. These studies define functions of RalGEF>Ral, Rap1 and Ras signaling in morphogenetic processes that fashion the nervous system. We have also defined a model for studying how small GTPases partner with downstream effectors. Taken together, this analysis defines novel molecules and relationships in signaling networks that control cell movements during development of the nervous system.
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23
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Apken LH, Oeckinghaus A. The RAL signaling network: Cancer and beyond. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 361:21-105. [PMID: 34074494 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The RAL proteins RALA and RALB belong to the superfamily of small RAS-like GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases). RAL GTPases function as molecular switches in cells by cycling through GDP- and GTP-bound states, a process which is regulated by several guanine exchange factors (GEFs) and two heterodimeric GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). Since their discovery in the 1980s, RALA and RALB have been established to exert isoform-specific functions in central cellular processes such as exocytosis, endocytosis, actin organization and gene expression. Consequently, it is not surprising that an increasing number of physiological functions are discovered to be controlled by RAL, including neuronal plasticity, immune response, and glucose and lipid homeostasis. The critical importance of RAL GTPases for oncogenic RAS-driven cellular transformation and tumorigenesis still attracts most research interest. Here, RAL proteins are key drivers of cell migration, metastasis, anchorage-independent proliferation, and survival. This chapter provides an overview of normal and pathological functions of RAL GTPases and summarizes the current knowledge on the involvement of RAL in human disease as well as current therapeutic targeting strategies. In particular, molecular mechanisms that specifically control RAL activity and RAL effector usage in different scenarios are outlined, putting a spotlight on the complexity of the RAL GTPase signaling network and the emerging theme of RAS-independent regulation and relevance of RAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Apken
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Oeckinghaus
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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24
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Yang HJ, Song BS, Sim BW, Jung Y, Chae U, Lee DG, Cha JJ, Baek SJ, Lim KS, Choi WS, Lee HY, Son HC, Park SH, Jeong KJ, Kang P, Baek SH, Koo BS, Kim HN, Jin YB, Park YH, Choo YK, Kim SU. Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Miniature Pig Pancreatic Cell Lines Expressing Oncogenic K-Ras G12D. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228820. [PMID: 33233448 PMCID: PMC7700231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, many studies on the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer have been conducted. However, pancreatic cancer remains incurable, with a high mortality rate. Although mouse models have been widely used for preclinical pancreatic cancer research, these models have many differences from humans. Therefore, large animals may be more useful for the investigation of pancreatic cancer. Pigs have recently emerged as a new model of pancreatic cancer due to their similarities to humans, but no pig pancreatic cancer cell lines have been established for use in drug screening or analysis of tumor biology. Here, we established and characterized an immortalized miniature pig pancreatic cell line derived from primary pancreatic cells and pancreatic cancer-like cells expressing K-rasG12D regulated by the human PTF1A promoter. Using this immortalized cell line, we analyzed the gene expression and phenotypes associated with cancer cell characteristics. Notably, we found that acinar-to-ductal transition was caused by K-rasG12D in the cell line constructed from acinar cells. This may constitute a good research model for the analysis of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jun Yang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Yena Jung
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Unbin Chae
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Jae-Jin Cha
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Seo-Jong Baek
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Won Seok Choi
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Hwal-Yong Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Hee-Chang Son
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Philyong Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Han-Na Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-K.C.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
| | - Young-Kug Choo
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-K.C.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-K.C.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
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