1
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Li Y, Piao YZ, Chen H, Shi K, Dai J, Wang S, Zhou T, Le AT, Wang Y, Wu F, Ma R, Shi L, Liu Y. Dynamic covalent nano-networks comprising antibiotics and polyphenols orchestrate bacterial drug resistance reversal and inflammation alleviation. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:288-302. [PMID: 37113688 PMCID: PMC10126917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed to meet the challenges posed by the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and bacterial biofilms. This work reports the facile synthesis of antimicrobial dynamic covalent nano-networks (aDCNs) composing antibiotics bearing multiple primary amines, polyphenols, and a cross-linker acylphenylboronic acid. Mechanistically, the iminoboronate bond drives the formation of aDCNs, facilitates their stability, and renders them highly responsive to stimuli, such as low pH and high H2O2 levels. Besides, the representative A1B1C1 networks, composed of polymyxin B1(A1), 2-formylphenylboronic acid (B1), and quercetin (C1), inhibit biofilm formation of drug-resistant Escherichia coli, eliminate the mature biofilms, alleviate macrophage inflammation, and minimize the side effects of free polymyxins. Excellent bacterial eradication and inflammation amelioration efficiency of A1B1C1 networks are also observed in a peritoneal infection model. The facile synthesis, excellent antimicrobial performance, and biocompatibility of these aDCNs potentiate them as a much-needed alternative in current antimicrobial pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Li
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yin-Zi Piao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Keqing Shi
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Juqin Dai
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Siran Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Anh-Tuan Le
- Nano Institute, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Yaran Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rujiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
- Corresponding author. Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Ourri B, Skowron PT, Jeamet E, Chetot T, Duchamp C, Belenguer AM, Vanthuyne N, Cala O, Dumont E, Mandal PK, Huc I, Perret F, Vial L, Leclaire J. Self-assembly of achiral building blocks into chiral cyclophanes using non-directional interactions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7126-7135. [PMID: 37416699 PMCID: PMC10321575 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01235b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The diastereoselective assembly of achiral constituents through a single spontaneous process into complex covalent architectures bearing multiple stereogenic elements still remains a challenge for synthetic chemists. Here, we show that such an extreme level of control can be achieved by implementing stereo-electronic information on synthetic organic building blocks and templates and that non-directional interactions (i.e., electrostatic and steric interactions) can transfer this information to deliver, after self-assembly, high-molecular weight macrocyclic species carrying up to 16 stereogenic elements. Beyond the field of supramolecular chemistry, this proof of concept should stimulate the on-demand production of highly structured polyfunctional architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Benjamin Ourri
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | | | - Emeric Jeamet
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Titouan Chetot
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | | | - Ana M Belenguer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | - Olivier Cala
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon Lyon France
| | - Elise Dumont
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182 46 allée d'Italie 69364 Lyon France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272 06108 Nice France
| | - Pradeep K Mandal
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr., 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr., 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Florent Perret
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Laurent Vial
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Julien Leclaire
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS F-69622 Lyon France
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3
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Jin Y, Mandal PK, Wu J, Böcher N, Huc I, Otto S. (Re-)Directing Oligomerization of a Single Building Block into Two Specific Dynamic Covalent Foldamers through pH. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2822-2829. [PMID: 36705469 PMCID: PMC9912251 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic foldamers are synthetic folded molecules which can change their conformation in response to an external stimulus and are currently at the forefront of foldamer chemistry. However, constitutionally dynamic foldamers, which can change not only their conformation but also their molecular constitution in response to their environment, are without precedent. We now report a size- and shape-switching small dynamic covalent foldamer network which responds to changes in pH. Specifically, acidic conditions direct the oligomerization of a dipeptide-based building block into a 16-subunit macrocycle with well-defined conformation and with high selectivity. At higher pH the same building block yields another cyclic foldamer with a smaller ring size (9mer). The two foldamers readily and repeatedly interconvert upon adjustment of the pH of the solution. We have previously shown that addition of a template can direct oligomerization of the same building block to yet other rings sizes (including a 12mer and a 13mer, accompanied by a minor amount of 14mer). This brings the total number of discrete foldamers that can be accessed from a single building block to five. For a single building block system to exhibit such highly diverse structure space is unique and sets this system of foldamers apart from proteins. Furthermore, the emergence of constitutional dynamicity opens up new avenues to foldamers with adaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Jin
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China,Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pradeep K. Mandal
- Department
of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Juntian Wu
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niklas Böcher
- Department
of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department
of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany,
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands,
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4
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Au-Yeung HY, Deng Y. Distinctive features and challenges in catenane chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3315-3334. [PMID: 35432874 PMCID: PMC8943846 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From being an aesthetic molecular object to a building block for the construction of molecular machines, catenanes and related mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) continue to attract immense interest in many research areas. Catenane chemistry is closely tied to that of rotaxanes and knots, and involves concepts like mechanical bonds, chemical topology and co-conformation that are unique to these molecules. Yet, because of their different topological structures and mechanical bond properties, there are some fundamental differences between the chemistry of catenanes and that of rotaxanes and knots although the boundary is sometimes blurred. Clearly distinguishing these differences, in aspects of bonding, structure, synthesis and properties, between catenanes and other MIMs is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their chemistry and explore the new opportunities from mechanical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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5
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Wu Y, Zhao S, Hu L. Identification of potent α-amylase inhibitors via dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 55:116609. [PMID: 35021143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report for the first time the discovery of potent α-amylase inhibitors using principle of dynamic combinatorial chemistry. The best compound identified exhibited not only high inhibitory efficiency but also low cytotoxicity. The binding mode and possible mechanism are determined in the subsequent kinetic and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China.
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6
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Vial L, Perret F, Leclaire J. Dyn[
n
]arenes: Versatile Platforms To Study the Interplay between Covalent and Noncovalent Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Vial
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires UMR 5246 CNRS Univ. Lyon Université Lyon 1 CPE INSA 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Florent Perret
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires UMR 5246 CNRS Univ. Lyon Université Lyon 1 CPE INSA 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Julien Leclaire
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires UMR 5246 CNRS Univ. Lyon Université Lyon 1 CPE INSA 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
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7
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Borodin O, Shchukin Y, Robertson CC, Richter S, von Delius M. Self-Assembly of Stimuli-Responsive [2]Rotaxanes by Amidinium Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16448-16457. [PMID: 34559523 PMCID: PMC8517971 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Advances in supramolecular
chemistry are often underpinned by the
development of fundamental building blocks and methods enabling their
interconversion. In this work, we report the use of an underexplored
dynamic covalent reaction for the synthesis of stimuli-responsive
[2]rotaxanes. The formamidinium moiety lies at the heart of these
mechanically interlocked architectures, because it enables both dynamic
covalent exchange and the binding of simple crown ethers. We demonstrated
that the rotaxane self-assembly follows a unique reaction pathway
and that the complex interplay between crown ether and thread can
be controlled in a transient fashion by addition of base and fuel
acid. Dynamic combinatorial libraries, when exposed to diverse nucleophiles,
revealed a profound stabilizing effect of the mechanical bond as well
as intriguing reactivity differences between seemingly similar [2]rotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Borodin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yevhenii Shchukin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Craig C Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Stefan Richter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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8
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Cao Y, Yang J, Eichin D, Zhao F, Qi D, Kahari L, Jia C, Peurla M, Rosenholm JM, Zhao Z, Jalkanen S, Li J. Self‐Synthesizing Nanorods from Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries against Drug Resistant Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- MediCity Research Laboratory University of Turku Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Research and Development Center of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Dominik Eichin
- MediCity Research Laboratory University of Turku Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Fangzhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
- Research and Development Center of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Dawei Qi
- MediCity Research Laboratory University of Turku Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Laura Kahari
- MediCity Research Laboratory University of Turku Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Chunman Jia
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem Key laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
| | - Markus Peurla
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratories University of Turku Kiinamyllynkatu 10 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Zhao Zhao
- MediCity Research Laboratory University of Turku Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory University of Turku Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Jianwei Li
- MediCity Research Laboratory University of Turku Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem Key laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education Hainan University Haikou 570228 P. R. China
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9
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Cao Y, Yang J, Eichin D, Zhao F, Qi D, Kahari L, Jia C, Peurla M, Rosenholm JM, Zhao Z, Jalkanen S, Li J. Self-Synthesizing Nanorods from Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries against Drug Resistant Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:3062-3070. [PMID: 33112477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly has been widely used to develop nanocarriers for drug delivery. However, most of them have unsatisfactory drug loading capacity (DLC) and the dilemma between stimuli-responsiveness and stability, stagnating their translational process. Herein, we overcame these drawbacks using dynamic combinatorial chemistry. A carrier molecule was spontaneously and quantitatively synthesized, aided by co-self-assembly with a template molecule and an anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) from a dynamic combinatorial library that was operated by disulfide exchange under thermodynamic control. The highly selective synthesis guaranteed a stable yet pH- and redox- responsive nanocarrier with a maximized DLC of 40.1 % and an enhanced drug potency to fight DOX resistance in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggested that harnessing the interplay between synthesis and self-assembly in complex chemical systems could yield functional nanomaterials for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Research and Development Center of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Dominik Eichin
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Fangzhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Research and Development Center of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Qi
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Kahari
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Chunman Jia
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Key laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Markus Peurla
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Zhao Zhao
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jianwei Li
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Key laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
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10
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Gianga TM, Audibert E, Trandafir A, Kociok-Köhn G, Pantoş GD. Discovery of an all-donor aromatic [2]catenane. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9685-9690. [PMID: 34094233 PMCID: PMC8162110 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04317f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the first all-donor aromatic [2]catenane formed through dynamic combinatorial chemistry, using single component libraries. The building block is a benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene derivative, a π-donor molecule, with cysteine appendages that allow for disulfide exchange. The hydrophobic effect plays an essential role in the formation of the all-donor [2]catenane. The design of the building block allows the formation of a quasi-fused pentacyclic core, which enhances the stacking interactions between the cores. The [2]catenane has chiro-optical and fluorescent properties, being also the first known DCC-disulphide-based interlocked molecule to be fluorescent. An all-donor [2]catenane has been synthesised via dynamic combinatorial chemistry. It features stacked benzodithiophenes which are quasi-pentacyclic through hydrogen bonding.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Materials and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath BA2 7AY Bath UK
| | - G Dan Pantoş
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath BA2 7AY Bath UK
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