1
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Sadanala BD, Trivedi R. Ferrocenyl Azoles: Versatile N-Containing Heterocycles and their Anticancer Activities. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300347. [PMID: 38984727 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The medicinal chemistry of ferrocene has gained its momentum after the discovery of biological activities of ferrocifen and ferroquine. These ferrocenyl drugs have been designed by replacing the aromatic moiety of the organic drugs, tamoxifen and chloroquine respectively, with a ferrocenyl unit. The promising biological activities of these ferrocenyl drugs have paved a path to explore the medicinal applications of several ferrocenyl conjugates. In these conjugates, the ferrocenyl moiety has played a vital role in enhancing or imparting the anticancer activity to the molecule. The ferrocenyl conjugates induce the cytotoxicity by generating reactive oxygen species and thereby damaging the DNA. In medicinal chemistry, the five membered nitrogen heterocycles (azoles) play a significant role due to their rigid ring structure and hydrogen bonding ability with the biomolecules. Several potent drug candidates with azole groups have been in use as chemotherapeutics. Considering the importance of ferrocenyl moiety and azole groups, several ferrocenyl azole conjugates have been synthesized and screened for their biological activities. Hence, in the view of a wide scope in the development of potent drugs based on ferrocenyl azole conjugates, herein we present the details of synthesis and the anticancer activities of ferrocenyl compounds bearing azole groups such as imidazole, triazoles, thiazole and isoxazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Deepthi Sadanala
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
- Present address, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajiv Trivedi
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, AcSIR, Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC campus Sector 19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201 002, India
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2
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Liu S, Miah MAJ, Cerkovnik J, Košmrlj J, Snieckus V. The Versatile and Strategic O-Carbamate Directed Metalation Group in the Synthesis of Aromatic Molecules: An Update. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7731-7828. [PMID: 38864673 PMCID: PMC11212060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The aryl O-carbamate (ArOAm) group is among the strongest of the directed metalation groups (DMGs) in directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, especially in the form Ar-OCONEt2. Since the last comprehensive review of metalation chemistry involving ArOAms (published more than 30 years ago), the field has expanded significantly. For example, it now encompasses new substrates, solvent systems, and metalating agents, while conditions have been developed enabling metalation of ArOAm to be conducted in a green and sustainable manner. The ArOAm group has also proven to be effective in the anionic ortho-Fries (AoF) rearrangement, Directed remote metalation (DreM), iterative DoM sequences, and DoM-halogen dance (HalD) synthetic strategies and has been transformed into a diverse range of functionalities and coupled with various groups through a range of cross-coupling (CC) strategies. Of ultimate value, the ArOAm group has demonstrated utility in the synthesis of a diverse range of bioactive and polycyclic aromatic compounds for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Susana Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
| | - M. A. Jalil Miah
- Department
of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Janez Cerkovnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
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3
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Organocatalytic atroposelective construction of axially chiral N, N- and N, S-1,2-azoles through novel ring formation approach. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1933. [PMID: 35410417 PMCID: PMC9001698 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract1,2-Azoles are privileged structures in ligand/catalyst design and widely exist in many important natural products and drugs. In this report, two types of axially chiral 1,2-azoles (naphthyl-isothiazole S-oxides with a stereogenic sulfur center and atropoisomeric naphthyl pyrazoles) are synthesized via modified vinylidene ortho-quinone methide intermediates. Diverse products are acquired in satisfying yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities. The vinylidene ortho-quinone methide intermediates bearing two hetero atoms at 5-position have been demonstrated as a platform molecule for the atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral 1,2-azoles. This finding not only enrich our knowledge of vinylidene ortho-quinone methide chemistry but also provide the easy preparation method for diverse atropisomeric heterobiaryls that were inaccessible by existing methodologies. The obtained chiral naphthyl-isothiazole S-oxides and naphthyl-pyrazoles have demonstrated their potential application in further synthetic transformations and therapeutic agents.
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4
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Sunagatullina AS, Lutter FH, Knochel P. Preparation of Primary and Secondary Dialkylmagnesiums by a Radical I/Mg-Exchange Reaction Using sBu 2 Mg in Toluene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116625. [PMID: 35044040 PMCID: PMC9302629 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of primary or secondary alkyl iodides with sBu2 Mg in toluene (25-40 °C, 2-4 h) provided dialkylmagnesiums that underwent various reactions with aldehydes, ketones, acid chlorides or allylic bromides. 3-Substituted secondary cyclohexyl iodides led to all-cis-3-cyclohexylmagnesium reagents under these exchange conditions in a highly stereoconvergent manner. Enantiomerically enriched 3-silyloxy-substituted secondary alkyl iodides gave after an exchange reaction with sBu2 Mg stereodefined dialkylmagnesiums that after quenching with various electrophiles furnished various 1,3-stereodefined products including homo-aldol products (99 % dr and 98 % ee). Mechanistic studies confirmed a radical pathway for these new iodine/magnesium-exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa S. Sunagatullina
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Ferdinand H. Lutter
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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5
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Sunagatullina AS, Lutter FH, Knochel P. Herstellung von primären und sekundären Dialkylmagnesiumverbindungen durch eine radikalische I/Mg‐Austauschreaktion mit
s
Bu
2
Mg in Toluol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa S. Sunagatullina
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81 377 München Deutschland
| | - Ferdinand H. Lutter
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81 377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81 377 München Deutschland
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6
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Hess A, Guelen HC, Alandini N, Mourati A, Guersoy YC, Knochel P. Preparation of Polyfunctionalized Aromatic Nitriles from Aryl Oxazolines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103700. [PMID: 34766655 PMCID: PMC9300023 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A selective ortho,ortho'-functionalization of readily available aryl oxazolines by two successive magnesiations with sBu2 Mg in toluene followed by trapping reactions with electrophiles, such as (hetero)aryl iodides or bromides, iodine, tosyl cyanide, ethyl cyanoformate or allylic bromides (39 examples, 62-99 % yield) is reported. Treatment of these aryl oxazolines with excess oxalyl chloride and catalytic amounts of DMF (50 °C, 4 h) provided the corresponding nitriles (36 examples, 73-99 % yield). Conversions of these nitriles to valuable heterocycles are reported, and a tentative mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Hess
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - H. C. Guelen
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - N. Alandini
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - A. Mourati
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Y. C. Guersoy
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - P. Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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7
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Wei B, Knochel P. Recent Advances in Cross-Couplings of Functionalized Organozinc Reagents. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1589-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCross-couplings involving organozinc reagents usually require a Pd-catalyst (Negishi cross-coupling), however, uncatalyzed cross-couplings of zinc organometallics proceed well in the absence of transition-metal catalysts with reactive electrophiles such as benzal 1,1-diacetates, benzhydryl acetates, and iminium trifluoroacetates. Organozinc compounds also undergo C–N bond formation with O-benzoylhydroxylamines or organic azides in the presence of cobalt- or iron-catalysts. Highly diastereoselective and enantioselective cross-couplings can be readily performed with room-temperature configurationally stable alkylzinc species, producing diastereoselectively and enantiomerically enriched products. Finally, highly regioselective magnesiations of functionalized arenes and heteroarenes undergo Negishi (after transmetalation with ZnCl2) or Cu-catalyzed cross-couplings.1 Introduction2 Uncatalyzed Cross-Couplings of Organozinc Reagents with Highly Electrophilic Partners3 Iron- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Aminations using Organozinc Reagents4 Stereo- and Regioselective Cross-Couplings of Organozinc Reagents5 Conclusion
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8
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Ashikari Y, Tamaki T, Kawaguchi T, Furusawa M, Yonekura Y, Ishikawa S, Takahashi Y, Aizawa Y, Nagaki A. Switchable Chemoselectivity of Reactive Intermediates Formation and Their Direct Use in A Flow Microreactor. Chemistry 2021; 27:16107-16111. [PMID: 34549843 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A chemoselectivity switchable microflow reaction was developed to generate reactive and unstable intermediates. The switchable chemoselectivity of this reaction enables a selection for one of two different intermediates, an aryllithium or a benzyl lithium, at will from the same starting material. Starting from bromo-substituted styrenes, the aryllithium intermediates were converted to the substituted styrenes, whereas the benzyl lithium intermediates were engaged in an anionic polymerization. These chemoselectivity-switchable reactions can be integrated to produce polymers that cannot be formed during typical polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawaguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Mai Furusawa
- TOHO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2931, Urago-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0062, Japan
| | - Yuya Yonekura
- TOHO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2931, Urago-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0062, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Aizawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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9
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Kremsmair A, Hess A, Heinz B, Knochel P. Regioselective Magnesiations and Zincations of Aromatics and Heterocycles Triggered by Lewis Acids. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103269. [PMID: 34704653 PMCID: PMC9300163 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mixed TMP‐bases (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidyl), such as TMPMgCl ⋅ LiCl, TMP2Mg ⋅ 2LiCl, TMPZnCl ⋅ LiCl and TMP2Zn ⋅ 2LiCl, are outstanding reagents for the metalation of functionalized aromatics and heterocycles. In the presence of Lewis acids, such as BF3 ⋅ OEt2 or MgCl2, the metalation scope of such bases was dramatically increased, and regioselectivity switches were achieved in the presence or absence of these Lewis acids. Furthermore, highly reactive lithium bases, such as TMPLi or Cy2NLi, are also compatible with various Lewis acids, such as MgCl2 ⋅ 2LiCl, ZnCl2 ⋅ 2LiCl or CuCN ⋅ 2LiCl. Performing such metalations in continuous flow using commercial setups permitted practical and convenient reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Andreas Hess
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Benjamin Heinz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemie und Pharamzie, GERMANY
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Department of Chemistry, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, GERMANY
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10
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Knochel P, Djukanovic D, Heinz B, Mandrelli F, Mostarda S, Filipponi P, Martin B. Continuous Flow Acylation of (Hetero)aryllithiums with Polyfunctional N,N-Dimethylamides and Tetramethylurea in Toluene. Chemistry 2021; 27:13977-13981. [PMID: 34387898 PMCID: PMC8519161 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The continuous flow reaction of various aryl or heteroaryl bromides in toluene in the presence of THF (1.0 equiv) with sec -BuLi (1.1 equiv) provided at 25 °C within 40 sec the corresponding aryllithiums which were acylated with various functionalized N,N-dimethylamides including easily enolizable amides at -20 °C within 27 sec, producing highly functionalized ketones in 48-90% yield (36 examples). This method was well suited for the preparation of α-chiral ketones such as naproxene and ibuprofen derived ketones with 99% ee . A one-pot stepwise bis-addition of two different lithium organometallics to 1,1,3,3-tetramethyurea (TMU) provided unsymmetrical ketones in 69-79% yield (9 examples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Department of Chemistry, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, GERMANY
| | - Dimitrije Djukanovic
- Ludwig Maximillians University Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Benjamin Heinz
- Ludwig Maximillians University Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | | | - Serena Mostarda
- Novartis Pharma Schweiz AG, Chemical Development, SWITZERLAND
| | - Paolo Filipponi
- Novartis Pharma Schweiz AG, Chemical Development, SWITZERLAND
| | - Benjamin Martin
- Novartis Pharma Schweiz AG, Chemical Development, SWITZERLAND
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11
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Inoue K, Feng Y, Mori A, Okano K. "Snapshot" Trapping of Multiple Transient Azolyllithiums in Batch. Chemistry 2021; 27:10267-10273. [PMID: 33960030 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in flow microreactor technology have allowed the use of transient organolithium compounds that cannot be realized in a batch reactor. However, trapping the transient aryllithiums in a "halogen dance" is still challenging. Herein is reported the trapping of such short-lived azolyllithiums in a batch reactor by developing a finely tuned in situ zincation using zinc halide diamine complexes. The reaction rate is controlled by the appropriate choice of diamine ligand. The reaction is operationally simple and can be performed at 0 °C with high reproducibility on a multigram scale. This method was applicable to a wide range of brominated azoles allowing deprotonative functionalization, which was used for the concise divergent syntheses of both constitutional isomers of biologically active azoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Inoue
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.,Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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12
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Gulia N, Małecki M, Szafert S. Direct Preparation of N-Substituted Pyrazoles from Primary Aliphatic or Aromatic Amines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9353-9359. [PMID: 34197110 PMCID: PMC8389898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Despite a large number
of synthesis procedures for pyrazoles known
today, those directly employing primary amines as substrates are rare.
Herein, we report an original method for the preparation of N-alkyl and N-aryl pyrazoles from primary
aliphatic or aromatic amines as a limiting reagent of the reaction.
The protocol utilizes no inorganic reagents and requires a short reaction
time, mild conditions, and the use of structurally simple and commercially
available starting reagents. During this study, pyrazoles containing
a wide variety of N-substituents were obtained using
the same procedure for both aliphatic and aromatic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbey Gulia
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Małecki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sławomir Szafert
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of 3,4-disubstituted 5-bromoisoxazoles: An efficient access to trisubstituted isoxazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Hess A, Prohaska JP, Doerrich SB, Trauner F, Lutter FH, Lemaire S, Wagschal S, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Directed regioselective ortho, ortho'-magnesiations of aromatics and heterocycles using sBu 2Mg in toluene. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8424-8429. [PMID: 34221323 PMCID: PMC8221067 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01777b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl azoles are ubiquitous as bioactive compounds and their regioselective functionalization is of utmost synthetic importance. Here, we report the development of a toluene-soluble dialkylmagnesium base sBu2Mg. This new reagent allows mild and regioselective ortho-magnesiations of various N-arylated pyrazoles and 1,2,3-triazoles as well as arenes bearing oxazoline, phosphorodiamidate or amide directing groups. The resulting diarylmagnesium reagents were further functionalized either by Pd-catalyzed arylation or by trapping reactions with a broad range of electrophiles (aldehydes, ketones, allylic halides, acyl chlorides, Weinreb amides, aryl halides, hydroxylamine benzoates, terminal alkynes). Furthermore, several double ortho,ortho'-magnesiations were realized in the case of aryl oxazolines, N-aryl pyrazoles as well as 2-aryl-2H-1,2,3-triazoles by simply repeating the magnesiation/electrophile trapping sequence allowing the preparation of valuable 1,2,3-functionalized arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hess
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Jan P Prohaska
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Sabrina B Doerrich
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Florian Trauner
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Ferdinand H Lutter
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Sébastien Lemaire
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Chemical Process Research & Development Turnhoutseweg 30 B-2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Simon Wagschal
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Chemical Process Research & Development Hochstrasse 201 8200 Schaffhausen Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
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15
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Rearrangements of polyaza(oxa-,thia-)heterocyclic carbanions in organic synthesis. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Rogge T, Müller T, Broggini D, Ackermann L, Simon H, Hou X, Wagschal S. Triazole-Enabled Ruthenium(II) Carboxylate-Catalyzed C–H Arylation with Electron-Deficient Aryl Halides. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1495-6994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA triazole-directed direct C–H arylation of arenes with electron-deficient aryl halides or a synthetically useful pyrimidyl chloride was achieved through ruthenium catalysis. Our novel strategy provides operationally simple and environmentally benign access to highly functionalized hetarenes, avoiding the use of strong organometallic bases. Detailed studies revealed a significant effect of the phosphine ligand, thereby permitting the reaction to occur with excellent levels of chemo- and position selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Rogge
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
| | - Diego Broggini
- Discovery Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutica
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
| | - Hendrik Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
| | - Xiaoyan Hou
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
| | - Simon Wagschal
- Discovery Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutica
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Kremsmair A, Harenberg JH, Schwärzer K, Hess A, Knochel P. Preparation and reactions of polyfunctional magnesium and zinc organometallics in organic synthesis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6011-6019. [PMID: 33995997 PMCID: PMC8098701 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyfunctional organometallics of magnesium and zinc are readily prepared from organic halides via a direct metal insertion in the presence of LiCl or a Br/Mg-exchange using iPrMgCl·LiCl (turbo-Grignard) or related reagents. Alternatively, such functionalized organometallics are prepared by metalations with TMP-bases (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl). The scope of these methods is described as well as applications in new Co- or Fe-catalyzed cross-couplings or aminations. It is shown that the use of a continous flow set-up considerably expands the field of applications of these methods and further allows the preparation of highly reactive organosodium reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Johannes H Harenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Kuno Schwärzer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Andreas Hess
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
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