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Schiferl J, Kingston M, Åkesson CM, Valencia BG, Rozas-Davila A, McGee D, Woods A, Chen CY, Hatfield RG, Rodbell DT, Abbott MB, Bush MB. A neotropical perspective on the uniqueness of the Holocene among interglacials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7404. [PMID: 37973878 PMCID: PMC10654573 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how tropical systems have responded to large-scale climate change, such as glacial-interglacial oscillations, and how human impacts have altered those responses is key to current and future ecology. A sedimentary record recovered from Lake Junín, in the Peruvian Andes (4085 m elevation) spans the last 670,000 years and represents the longest continuous and empirically-dated record of tropical vegetation change to date. Spanning seven glacial-interglacial oscillations, fossil pollen and charcoal recovered from the core showed the general dominance of grasslands, although during the warmest times some Andean forest trees grew above their modern limits near the lake. Fire was very rare until the last 12,000 years, when humans were in the landscape. Here we show that, due to human activity, our present interglacial, the Holocene, has a distinctive vegetation composition and ecological trajectory compared with six previous interglacials. Our data reinforce the view that modern vegetation assemblages of high Andean grasslands and the presence of a defined tree line are aspects of a human-modified landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schiferl
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - M Kingston
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - C M Åkesson
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - B G Valencia
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador
| | - A Rozas-Davila
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - D McGee
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - A Woods
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Y Chen
- Chemical and Isotopic Signatures Group, Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - R G Hatfield
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - D T Rodbell
- Geoscience Department, Union College, Schenectady, NY, 12308, USA
| | - M B Abbott
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M B Bush
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA.
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Abstract
Our understanding of the climatic teleconnections that drove ice-age cycles has been limited by a paucity of well-dated tropical records of glaciation that span several glacial–interglacial intervals. Glacial deposits offer discrete snapshots of glacier extent but cannot provide the continuous records required for detailed interhemispheric comparisons. By contrast, lakes located within glaciated catchments can provide continuous archives of upstream glacial activity, but few such records extend beyond the last glacial cycle. Here a piston core from Lake Junín in the uppermost Amazon basin provides the first, to our knowledge, continuous, independently dated archive of tropical glaciation spanning 700,000 years. We find that tropical glaciers tracked changes in global ice volume and followed a clear approximately 100,000-year periodicity. An enhancement in the extent of tropical Andean glaciers relative to global ice volume occurred between 200,000 and 400,000 years ago, during sustained intervals of regionally elevated hydrologic balance that modified the regular approximately 23,000-year pacing of monsoon-driven precipitation. Millennial-scale variations in the extent of tropical Andean glaciers during the last glacial cycle were driven by variations in regional monsoon strength that were linked to temperature perturbations in Greenland ice cores1; these interhemispheric connections may have existed during previous glacial cycles. Analysis of a continuous and independently dated record of glaciation in the tropical Andes spanning 700,000 years shows that Andean glaciation follows patterns of global ice volume change, with a periodicity of approximately 100,000 years.
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Zhuo Y, Zeng W, Cui D, Ma B, Xie Y, Wang J. Spatial-temporal variation, sources and driving factors of organic carbon burial in rift lakes on Yunnan-Guizhou plateau since 1850. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111458. [PMID: 34157272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Burial of organic carbon (OC) in rift lakes on plateau is an important part of the global cycle. It is affected by natural and anthropogenic factors. In this study, we selected the sediment records of 7 rift lakes on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to study spatial-temporal variation, sources and driving factors of organic carbon burial since 1850. The analysis of the temporal and spatial trend of carbon burial shows that the TOC concentration, TOC flux, C: N and mass accumulate rate have increased significantly since 1850. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that a strong correlation between the TOC concentration and silty. TOC concentration were identified as core genera due to their high concentration. Carbon isotope tracing results show that before 1950, endogenous OC input played a dominant role, and after 1950, the proportion of exogenous OC increased. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that after 1950, agriculture intensification and population increase become one of the factors affecting the carbon burial of lakes in this area. The result of this study indicate that anthropogenic factors have become the main factors promoting carbon burial in rift lakes on the plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Weihua Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China.
| | - Dan Cui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Bingran Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yuxi Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, China.
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