1
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Huang M, Li Y, Li Y, Liu S. C-Terminal Binding Protein: Regulator between Viral Infection and Tumorigenesis. Viruses 2024; 16:988. [PMID: 38932279 PMCID: PMC11209466 DOI: 10.3390/v16060988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
C-terminal binding protein (CtBP), a transcriptional co-repressor, significantly influences cellular signaling, impacting various biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. The CtBP family comprises two highly conserved proteins, CtBP1 and CtBP2, which have been shown to play critical roles in both tumorigenesis and the regulation of viral infections. Elevated CtBP expression is noted in various tumor tissues, promoting tumorigenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis through multiple pathways. Additionally, CtBP's role in viral infections varies, exhibiting differing or even opposing effects depending on the virus. This review synthesizes the advances in CtBP's function research in viral infections and virus-associated tumorigenesis, offering new insights into potential antiviral and anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Huang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yucong Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuxiao Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuiping Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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2
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Gao H, Xi Z, Dai J, Xue J, Guan X, Zhao L, Chen Z, Xing F. Drug resistance mechanisms and treatment strategies mediated by Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases (USPs) in cancers: new directions and therapeutic options. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:88. [PMID: 38702734 PMCID: PMC11067278 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a significant obstacle in cancer treatment, underscoring the need for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), a subclass of deubiquitinating enzymes, play a pivotal role in protein deubiquitination. As scientific research advances, USPs have been recognized as key regulators of drug resistance across a spectrum of treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. This comprehensive review examines the complex relationship between USPs and drug resistance mechanisms, focusing on specific treatment strategies and highlighting the influence of USPs on DNA damage repair, apoptosis, characteristics of cancer stem cells, immune evasion, and other crucial biological functions. Additionally, the review highlights the potential clinical significance of USP inhibitors as a means to counter drug resistance in cancer treatment. By inhibiting particular USP, cancer cells can become more susceptible to a variety of anti-cancer drugs. The integration of USP inhibitors with current anti-cancer therapies offers a promising strategy to circumvent drug resistance. Therefore, this review emphasizes the importance of USPs as viable therapeutic targets and offers insight into fruitful directions for future research and drug development. Targeting USPs presents an effective method to combat drug resistance across various cancer types, leading to enhanced treatment strategies and better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhuo Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jingwei Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Zhiguang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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3
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Ren J, Yu P, Liu S, Li R, Niu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhou F, Zhang L. Deubiquitylating Enzymes in Cancer and Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303807. [PMID: 37888853 PMCID: PMC10754134 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) maintain relative homeostasis of the cellular ubiquitome by removing the post-translational modification ubiquitin moiety from substrates. Numerous DUBs have been demonstrated specificity for cleaving a certain type of ubiquitin linkage or positions within ubiquitin chains. Moreover, several DUBs perform functions through specific protein-protein interactions in a catalytically independent manner, which further expands the versatility and complexity of DUBs' functions. Dysregulation of DUBs disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of ubiquitome and causes various diseases, especially cancer and immune disorders. This review summarizes the Janus-faced roles of DUBs in cancer including proteasomal degradation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumor metastasis, as well as in immunity involving innate immune receptor signaling and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The prospects and challenges for the clinical development of DUB inhibitors are further discussed. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the multi-faced roles of DUBs in cancer and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ren
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug DiscoveryShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesZhongshanGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Sijia Liu
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310058China
| | - Ran Li
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Xin Niu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450003P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
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4
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Mladenov E, Mladenova V, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. New Facets of DNA Double Strand Break Repair: Radiation Dose as Key Determinant of HR versus c-NHEJ Engagement. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14956. [PMID: 37834403 PMCID: PMC10573367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an essential component of present-day cancer management, utilizing ionizing radiation (IR) of different modalities to mitigate cancer progression. IR functions by generating ionizations in cells that induce a plethora of DNA lesions. The most detrimental among them are the DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). In the course of evolution, cells of higher eukaryotes have evolved four major DSB repair pathways: classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), alternative end-joining (alt-EJ), and single strand annealing (SSA). These mechanistically distinct repair pathways have different cell cycle- and homology-dependencies but, surprisingly, they operate with widely different fidelity and kinetics and therefore contribute unequally to cell survival and genome maintenance. It is therefore reasonable to anticipate tight regulation and coordination in the engagement of these DSB repair pathway to achieve the maximum possible genomic stability. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the accumulated knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underpinning these repair pathways, with emphasis on c-NHEJ and HR. We discuss factors and processes that have recently come to the fore. We outline mechanisms steering DSB repair pathway choice throughout the cell cycle, and highlight the critical role of DNA end resection in this process. Most importantly, however, we point out the strong preference for HR at low DSB loads, and thus low IR doses, for cells irradiated in the G2-phase of the cell cycle. We further explore the molecular underpinnings of transitions from high fidelity to low fidelity error-prone repair pathways and analyze the coordination and consequences of this transition on cell viability and genomic stability. Finally, we elaborate on how these advances may help in the development of improved cancer treatment protocols in radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Mladenov
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Mladenova
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
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5
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Wang R, Liu Y, Li J, Zhao Y, An R, Ma Z. A risk signature of ubiquitin-specific protease family predict the prognosis and therapy of kidney cancer patients. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:153. [PMID: 37259026 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are closely related to protein fate and cellular processes through various molecular signalling pathways, including DNA damage repair, p53, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathways. In recent years, increasing evidence has revealed the pivotal role of ubiquitination in tumorigenesis of KIRC. However, USPs' molecular mechanism and clinical relevance in kidney cancer still need further exploration. Our study first determined prognosis-related ubiquitin-specific proteases (PRUSPs) in KIRC. We found these genes co-expressed with each other and might regulate different substrates. Based on the USPs' expression, the PRUSPs risk signature was constructed to predict the survival probability of KIRC patients. The patients in high-PRUSPs-risk group showed a low survival rate. ROC and calibration curve indicated a discriminate capacity of the signature, and uni-/multi-variate Cox regression analysis revealed that the PRUSPs score is an independent prognostic factor. In different KIRC clinical subgroups and external validation cohorts (including E-MTAB-1980 and TCGA-KIRP cohorts), the PRUSPs risk signature showed strong robustness and practicability. Further analysis found that high-risk group showed activation of immune-related pathways and high PD-1/CTLA4 expression, revealing that high-risk patients might be sensitive to immunotherapy. In summary, we constructed the USPs risk signature to predict kidney cancer prognosis, which provided the theoretical foundation for further clinical or pre-clinical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Wang
- Department of Urology, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, General Hospital of Tisco, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingxian Li
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, General Hospital of Tisco, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui An
- Department of Urology, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, General Hospital of Tisco, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhifang Ma
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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6
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Kloeber JA, Lou Z. Critical DNA damaging pathways in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:164-184. [PMID: 33905873 PMCID: PMC8542061 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of DNA damage is an early driving event in tumorigenesis. Premalignant lesions show activated DNA damage responses and inactivation of DNA damage checkpoints promotes malignant transformation. However, DNA damage is also a targetable vulnerability in cancer cells. This requires a detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing DNA integrity. Here, we review current work on DNA damage in tumorigenesis. We discuss DNA double strand break repair, how repair pathways contribute to tumorigenesis, and how double strand breaks are linked to the tumor microenvironment. Next, we discuss the role of oncogenes in promoting DNA damage through replication stress. Finally, we discuss our current understanding on DNA damage in micronuclei and discuss therapies targeting these DNA damage pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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7
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Jeong SY, Hariharasudhan G, Kim MJ, Lim JY, Jung SM, Choi EJ, Chang IY, Kee Y, You HJ, Lee JH. SIAH2 regulates DNA end resection and replication fork recovery by promoting CtIP ubiquitination. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10469-10486. [PMID: 36155803 PMCID: PMC9561274 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CtIP maintains genomic integrity primarily by promoting 5′ DNA end resection, an initial step of the homologous recombination (HR). A few mechanisms have been suggested as to how CtIP recruitment to damage sites is controlled, but it is likely that we do not yet have full understanding of the process. Here, we provide evidence that CtIP recruitment and functioning are controlled by the SIAH2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. We found that SIAH2 interacts and ubiquitinates CtIP at its N-terminal lysine residues. Mutating the key CtIP lysine residues impaired CtIP recruitment to DSBs and stalled replication forks, DSB end resection, overall HR repair capacity of cells, and recovery of stalled replication forks, suggesting that the SIAH2-induced ubiquitination is important for relocating CtIP to sites of damage. Depleting SIAH2 consistently phenocopied these results. Overall, our work suggests that SIAH2 is a new regulator of CtIP and HR repair, and emphasizes that SIAH2-mediated recruitment of the CtIP is an important step for CtIP’s function during HR repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yeon Jeong
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Gurusamy Hariharasudhan
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lim
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Mi Jung
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Choi
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Youb Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno-Joongang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin You
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer therapeutics, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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8
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu R, Wang C, Luo Y, Chen L, He Y, Zhu K, Guo H, Zhang Z, Luo J. CAV2 promotes the invasion and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by regulating S100 proteins. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:386. [PMID: 36114176 PMCID: PMC9481523 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
More than half of HNSCC patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Locally advanced HNSCC is characterized by tumors with marked local invasion and evidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes. CAV2 is a major coat protein of caveolins, important components of the plasma membrane. In this study, CAV2 was found to profoundly promote invasion and stimulate metastasis in vivo and in vitro. CAV2 was demonstrated to be a key regulator of S100 protein expression that upregulates the proteins levels of S100s, which promotes the invasion and migration and downregulates the expression of tumor suppressors. Mechanistically, CAV2 directly interacts with S100s in HNSCC cells, and CAV2 reduces S100A14 protein expression by promoting its ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation via the proteasome. Moreover, we discovered that CAV2 promotes the interaction between S100A14 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM29 and increases TRIM29 expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that CAV2 promotes HNSCC invasion and metastasis by regulating the expression of S100 proteins, presenting a novel potential target for anticancer therapy in HNSCC.
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9
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Qiu Z, Hao S, Song S, Zhang R, Yan T, Lu Z, Wang H, Jia Z, Zheng J. PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of PPIL2 regulates HR via CtIP. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902403. [PMID: 36092721 PMCID: PMC9452783 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is an error-free DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway, which safeguards genome integrity and cell viability. Human C-terminal binding protein (CtBP)—interacting protein (CtIP) is a central regulator of the pathway which initiates the DNA end resection in HR. Ubiquitination modification of CtIP is known in some cases to control DNA resection and promote HR. However, it remains unclear how cells restrain CtIP activity in unstressed cells. We show that the ubiquitin E3 ligase PPIL2 is recruited to DNA damage sites through interactions with an HR-related protein ZNF830, implying PPIL2’s involvement in DNA repair. We found that PPIL2 interacts with and ubiquitinates CtIP at the K426 site, representing a hereunto unknown ubiquitination site. Ubiquitination of CtIP by PPIL2 suppresses HR and DNA resection. This inhibition of PPIL2 is also modulated by phosphorylation at multiple sites by PLK1, which reduces PPIL2 ubiquitination of CtIP. Our findings reveal new regulatory complexity in CtIP ubiquitination in DSB repair. We propose that the PPIL2-dependent CtIP ubiquitination prevents CtIP from interacting with DNA, thereby inhibiting HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuailin Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shikai Song
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyu Yan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifang Lu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongchao Jia
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Zongchao Jia, ; Jimin Zheng,
| | - Jimin Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zongchao Jia, ; Jimin Zheng,
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10
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Gao M, Qi Z, Deng M, Huang H, Xu Z, Guo G, Jing J, Huang X, Xu M, Kloeber JA, Liu S, Huang J, Lou Z, Han J. The deubiquitinase USP7 regulates oxidative stress through stabilization of HO-1. Oncogene 2022; 41:4018-4027. [PMID: 35821281 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible heme degradation enzyme that plays a cytoprotective role against various oxidative and inflammatory stresses. However, it has also been shown to exert an important role in cancer progression through a variety of mechanisms. Although transcription factors such as Nrf2 are involved in HO-1 regulation, the posttranslational modifications of HO-1 after oxidative insults and the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Here, we screened and identified that the deubiquitinase USP7 plays a key role in the control of redox homeostasis through promoting HO-1 deubiquitination and stabilization in hepatocytes. We used low-dose arsenic as a stress model which does not affect the transcriptional level of HO-1, and found that the interaction between USP7 and HO-1 is increased after arsenic exposure, leading to enhanced HO-1 expression and attenuated oxidative damages. Furthermore, HO-1 protein is ubiquitinated at K243 and subjected to degradation under resting conditions; whereas when after arsenic exposure, USP7 itself can be ubiquitinated at K476, thereafter promoting the binding between USP7 and HO-1, finally leading to enhanced HO-1 deubiquitination and protein accumulation. Moreover, depletion of USP7 and HO-1 inhibit liver tumor growth in vivo, and USP7 positively correlates with HO-1 protein level in clinical human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens. In summary, our findings reveal a critical role of USP7 as a HO-1 deubiquitinating enzyme in the regulation of oxidative stresses, and suggest that USP7 inhibitor might be a potential therapeutic agent for treating HO-1 overexpressed liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zijuan Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Guijie Guo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jiajun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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11
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Zhang J, Yang C, Tang P, Chen J, Zhang D, Li Y, Yang G, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Ouyang L. Discovery of 4-Hydroxyquinazoline Derivatives as Small Molecular BET/PARP1 Inhibitors That Induce Defective Homologous Recombination and Lead to Synthetic Lethality for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6803-6825. [PMID: 35442700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effective potency and resistance of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors limit their application. Here, we exploit a new paradigm that mimics the effects of breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA) mutations to trigger the possibility of synthetic lethality, based on the previous discovery of a potential synthetic lethality effect between bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and PARP1. Consequently, the present study describes compound BP44 with high selectivity for BRD4 and PARP1. Fortunately, BP44 inhibits the homologous recombination in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and triggers synthetic lethality, thus leading to cell cycle arrest and DNA damage. In conclusion, we optimized the BRD4-PARP1 inhibitor based on previous studies, and we expect it to become a candidate drug for the treatment of TNBC in the future. This strategy aims to expand the use of PARPi in BRCA-competent TNBC, making an innovative approach to address unmet oncology needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Gaoxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
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12
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Zhang C, Zhou B, Gu F, Liu H, Wu H, Yao F, Zheng H, Fu H, Chong W, Cai S, Huang M, Ma X, Guo Z, Li T, Deng W, Zheng M, Ji Q, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Wang QE, Tang TS, Guo C. Micropeptide PACMP inhibition elicits synthetic lethal effects by decreasing CtIP and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1297-1312.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Roman-Trufero M, Dillon N. The UBE2D ubiquitin conjugating enzymes: Potential regulatory hubs in development, disease and evolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1058751. [PMID: 36578786 PMCID: PMC9790923 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1058751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of cellular proteins plays critical roles in key signalling pathways and in the regulation of protein turnover in eukaryotic cells. E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes function as essential intermediates in ubiquitination reactions by acting as ubiquitin donors for the E3 ubiquitin ligase enzymes that confer substrate specificity. The members of the UBE2D family of E2 enzymes are involved in regulating signalling cascades through ubiquitination of target proteins that include receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and components of the Hedgehog, TGFβ and NFκB pathways. UBE2D enzymes also function in transcriptional control by acting as donors for ubiquitination of histone tails by the Polycomb protein Ring1B and the DNA methylation regulator UHRF1 as well as having roles in DNA repair and regulation of the level of the tumour suppressor p53. Here we review the functional roles and mechanisms of regulation of the UBE2D proteins including recent evidence that regulation of the level of UBE2D3 is critical for controlling ubiquitination of specific targets during development. Cellular levels of UBE2D3 have been shown to be regulated by phosphorylation, which affects folding of the protein, reducing its stability. Specific variations in the otherwise highly conserved UBE2D3 protein sequence in amniotes and in a subgroup of teleost fishes, the Acanthomorpha, suggest that the enzyme has had important roles during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Roman-Trufero
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Dillon
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Wu C, Chang Y, Chen J, Su Y, Li L, Chen Y, Li Y, Wu J, Huang J, Zhao F, Wang W, Yin H, Wang S, Jin M, Lou Z, Zhu WG, Luo K, Zhang J, Yuan J. USP37 regulates DNA damage response through stabilizing and deubiquitinating BLM. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11224-11240. [PMID: 34606619 PMCID: PMC8565321 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human RecQ helicase BLM is involved in the DNA damage response, DNA metabolism, and genetic stability. Loss of function mutations in BLM cause the genetic instability/cancer predisposition syndrome Bloom syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of BLM in cancers remains largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinating enzyme USP37 interacts with BLM and that USP37 deubiquitinates and stabilizes BLM, thereby sustaining the DNA damage response (DDR). Mechanistically, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) promotes ATM phosphorylation of USP37 and enhances the binding between USP37 and BLM. Moreover, knockdown of USP37 increases BLM polyubiquitination, accelerates its proteolysis, and impairs its function in DNA damage response. This leads to enhanced DNA damage and sensitizes breast cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents in both cell culture and in vivo mouse models. Collectively, our results establish a novel molecular mechanism for the USP37-BLM axis in regulating DSB repair with an important role in chemotherapy and radiotherapy response in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yiming Chang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Su
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jinhuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Department of Pathology,Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Mingpeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease, Shenzhen University Carson Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Jie Zhang. Tel: +86 21 13917090488;
| | - Jian Yuan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 21 13818233596;
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15
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Li Y, Wu H, Wang Q, Xu S. ZNF217: the cerberus who fails to guard the gateway to lethal malignancy. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3378-3405. [PMID: 34354851 PMCID: PMC8332857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of the zinc finger protein 217 (ZNF217) promotes multiple malignant phenotypes, such as replicative immortality, maintenance of proliferation, malignant heterogeneity, metastasis, and cell death resistance, via diverse mechanisms, including transcriptional activation, mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulation, and protein interactions. The induction of these cellular processes by ZNF217 leads to therapeutic resistance and patients' poor outcomes. However, few ZNF217 related clinical applications or trials, have been reported. Moreover, looming observations about ZNF217 roles in m6A regulation and cancer immune response triggered significant attention while lacking critical evidence. Thus, in this review, we revisit the literature about ZNF217 and emphasize its importance as a prognostic biomarker for early prevention and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingpu Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical SciencesHarbin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin, China
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical SciencesHarbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin, China
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical SciencesHarbin, China
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16
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Begum NA, Haque F, Stanlie A, Husain A, Mondal S, Nakata M, Taniguchi T, Taniguchi H, Honjo T. Phf5a regulates DNA repair in class switch recombination via p400 and histone H2A variant deposition. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106393. [PMID: 33938017 PMCID: PMC8204862 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody class switch recombination (CSR) is a locus-specific genomic rearrangement mediated by switch (S) region transcription, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-induced DNA breaks, and their resolution by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated DNA repair. Due to the complex nature of the recombination process, numerous cofactors are intimately involved, making it important to identify rate-limiting factors that impact on DNA breaking and/or repair. Using an siRNA-based loss-of-function screen of genes predicted to encode PHD zinc-finger-motif proteins, we identify the splicing factor Phf5a/Sf3b14b as a novel modulator of the DNA repair step of CSR. Loss of Phf5a severely impairs AID-induced recombination, but does not perturb DNA breaks and somatic hypermutation. Phf5a regulates NHEJ-dependent DNA repair by preserving chromatin integrity to elicit optimal DNA damage response and subsequent recruitment of NHEJ factors at the S region. Phf5a stabilizes the p400 histone chaperone complex at the locus, which in turn promotes deposition of H2A variant such as H2AX and H2A.Z that are critical for the early DNA damage response and NHEJ, respectively. Depletion of Phf5a or p400 blocks the repair of both AID- and I-SceI-induced DNA double-strand breaks, supporting an important contribution of this axis to programmed as well as aberrant recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim A Begum
- Department of Immunology and Genomic MedicineGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Farazul Haque
- Department of Immunology and Genomic MedicineGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Andre Stanlie
- Department of Immunology and Genomic MedicineGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- BioMedicine DesignPfizer Inc.CambridgeMAUSA
| | - Afzal Husain
- Department of Immunology and Genomic MedicineGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarhIndia
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Immunology and Genomic MedicineGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of ChemistryRammohan CollegeKolkataIndia
| | - Mikiyo Nakata
- Department of Immunology and Genomic MedicineGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takako Taniguchi
- Division of Disease ProteomicsInstitute for Enzyme ResearchUniversity of TokushimaTokushimaJapan
| | - Hisaaki Taniguchi
- Division of Disease ProteomicsInstitute for Enzyme ResearchUniversity of TokushimaTokushimaJapan
| | - Tasuku Honjo
- Department of Immunology and Genomic MedicineGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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17
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Tang M, Li S, Chen J. Ubiquitylation in DNA double-strand break repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 103:103129. [PMID: 33990032 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genome integrity is constantly challenged by various DNA lesions with DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) as the most cytotoxic lesions. In order to faithfully repair DSBs, DNA damage response (DDR) signaling networks have evolved, which organize many multi-protein complexes to deal with the encountered DNA damage. Spatiotemporal dynamics of these protein complexes at DSBs are mainly modulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). One of the most well-studied PTMs in DDR is ubiquitylation which can orchestrate cellular responses to DSBs, promote accurate DNA repair, and maintain genome integrity. Here, we summarize the recent advances of ubiquitin-dependent signaling in DDR and discuss how ubiquitylation crosstalks with other PTMs to control fundamental biological processes in DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siting Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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