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Chen J, Feng X, Zhou X, Li Y. Role of the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family of proteins in insulin resistance and related disorders. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3-15. [PMID: 37726973 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of insulin-signalling-related proteins may be involved in the development of insulin resistance and its related disorders. Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins, a superfamily belonging to the E3 ubiquitin ligases, are capable of controlling protein levels and function by ubiquitination, which is essential for the modulation of insulin sensitivity. Recent research has indicated that some of these TRIMs act as key regulatory factors of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest evidence linking TRIMs to the regulation of insulin resistance and its related disorders, their roles in regulating multiple signalling pathways or cellular processes, such as insulin signalling pathways, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signalling pathways, glucose and lipid metabolism, the inflammatory response, and cell cycle control, as well as recent advances in the development of TRIM-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic disease, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianjie Feng
- Evidence-based Medicine Research Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Evidence-based Medicine Research Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Centre of Anaesthesiology and Pain, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Hachiya K, Deguchi Y, Hirata T, Arikawa T, Fukai H, Esashi T, Nagasawa K, Mizunoe Y, Nozaki Y, Kobayashi M, Higami Y. Obesity-induced PARIS (ZNF746) accumulation in adipose progenitor cells leads to attenuated mitochondrial biogenesis and impaired adipogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22990. [PMID: 38151567 PMCID: PMC10752882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is critical for whole-body energy metabolism, and its dysfunction leads to various metabolic disorders. In recent years, many studies have suggested that impaired mitochondria may contribute to obesity-related decline in adipose tissue function, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate these mechanisms, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of WAT from mice with diet-induced obesity. We discovered the transcription factor Parkin interactive substrate (PARIS or ZNF746), which suppresses the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, to be accumulated in adipose progenitor cells from obese mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with overexpression of PARIS protein exhibited decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and impaired adipogenesis. Our results suggest that the accumulation of PARIS protein may be a novel component in the pathogenesis of obesity-related dysfunction in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hachiya
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Deguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takuro Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Arikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroto Fukai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Esashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kota Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuhei Mizunoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuka Nozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan.
- Division of Cell Fate Regulation, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan.
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Mao X, Li Y, Zhong Y, Chen R, Wang K, Huang D, Luo X. Kruppel-like factor 14 ameliorated obesity and related metabolic disorders by promoting adipose tissue browning. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E744-E754. [PMID: 37938176 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00226.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been identified as a serious and debilitating disease that threatens human health, but the current treatment strategies still have some shortcomings. Exercise and dieting are difficult for many people to adhere to, and a series of surgical risks and pain brought about by volume reduction have made it difficult for the current weight loss effect to meet human expectations. In this study, we first found that mice with overexpression of the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 14 (KLF14) in subcutaneous adipose tissue gained weight more slowly while consuming a high-fat diet than did control mice, and these mice also showed reduced insulin resistance and liver lipid deposition abnormalities. Mechanistically, the browning of white adipose tissue was promoted in adipose tissue with KLF14 overexpression; therefore, we preliminarily concluded that KLF14 can improve obesity by promoting the browning of white adipose tissue and energy consumption, thus ameliorating obesity and related metabolic disturbances. In summary, our results revealed that KLF14 may promote white adipose tissue browning, thus ameliorating high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis, as well as serum lipid levels and insulin resistance, thereby achieving a positive effect on metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study first explored the role of KLF14 in the development and progression of HFD-induced obesity in male mice. Its beneficial effect on adipose browning and metabolic disorders suggests that KLF14 may provide us a new therapeutic strategy for obesity and related metabolic complications. This health problem is of global concern and needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Zhuang A, Tan Y, Liu Y, Yang C, Kiriazis H, Grigolon K, Walker S, Bond ST, McMullen JR, Calkin AC, Drew BG. Deletion of the muscle enriched lncRNA Oip5os1 induces atrial dysfunction in male mice with diabetes. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15869. [PMID: 38054572 PMCID: PMC10698826 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a biological and physiological role in various tissues including the heart. We and others have previously established that the lncRNA Oip5os1 (1700020I14Rik, OIP5-AS1, Cyrano) is enriched in striated muscles, and its deletion in mice leads to defects in both skeletal and cardiac muscle function. In the present study, we investigated the impact of global Oip5os1 deletion on cardiac function in the setting of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Specifically, we studied male WT and KO mice with or without diabetes for 24 weeks, and phenotyped animals for metabolic and cardiac endpoints. Independent of genotype, diabetes was associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction based on a fall in E'/A' ratio. Deletion of Oip5os1 in a setting of diabetes had no significant impact on ventricular function or ventricular weight, but was associated with left atrial dysfunction (reduced fractional shortening) and myopathy which was associated with anesthesia intolerance and premature death in the majority of KO mice tested during cardiac functional assessment. This atrial phenotype was not observed in WT diabetic mice. The most striking molecular difference was a reduction in the metabolic regulator ERRalpha in the atria of KO mice compared with WT mice. There was also a trend for a reduction in Serca2a. These findings highlight Oip5os1 as a gene of interest in aspects of atrial function in the setting of diabetes, highlighting an additional functional role for this lncRNA in cardiac pathological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aowen Zhuang
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Yanie Tan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Yingying Liu
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christine Yang
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kyah Grigolon
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shannen Walker
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Simon T. Bond
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Julie R. McMullen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anna C. Calkin
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Brian G. Drew
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Talukdar PD, Chatterji U. Transcriptional co-activators: emerging roles in signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:427. [PMID: 37953273 PMCID: PMC10641101 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific cell states in metazoans are established by the symphony of gene expression programs that necessitate intricate synergic interactions between transcription factors and the co-activators. Deregulation of these regulatory molecules is associated with cell state transitions, which in turn is accountable for diverse maladies, including developmental disorders, metabolic disorders, and most significantly, cancer. A decade back most transcription factors, the key enablers of disease development, were historically viewed as 'undruggable'; however, in the intervening years, a wealth of literature validated that they can be targeted indirectly through transcriptional co-activators, their confederates in various physiological and molecular processes. These co-activators, along with transcription factors, have the ability to initiate and modulate transcription of diverse genes necessary for normal physiological functions, whereby, deregulation of such interactions may foster tissue-specific disease phenotype. Hence, it is essential to analyze how these co-activators modulate specific multilateral processes in coordination with other factors. The proposed review attempts to elaborate an in-depth account of the transcription co-activators, their involvement in transcription regulation, and context-specific contributions to pathophysiological conditions. This review also addresses an issue that has not been dealt with in a comprehensive manner and hopes to direct attention towards future research that will encompass patient-friendly therapeutic strategies, where drugs targeting co-activators will have enhanced benefits and reduced side effects. Additional insights into currently available therapeutic interventions and the associated constraints will eventually reveal multitudes of advanced therapeutic targets aiming for disease amelioration and good patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dey Talukdar
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Urmi Chatterji
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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Das SS, Kar A, Rajkumar S, Lee SHT, Alvarez M, Pietiläinen KH, Pajukanta P. Cross-Tissue Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Discovers Tissue-Resident Adipocytes Involved in Propanoate Metabolism in the Human Heart. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1788-1804. [PMID: 37409528 PMCID: PMC10538422 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytes are crucial regulators of cardiovascular health. However, not much is known about gene expression profiles of adipocytes residing in nonfat cardiovascular tissues, their genetic regulation, and contribution to coronary artery disease. Here, we investigated whether and how the gene expression profiles of adipocytes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue differ from adipocytes residing in the heart. METHODS We used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data sets of subcutaneous adipose tissue and heart and performed in-depth analysis of tissue-resident adipocytes and their cell-cell interactions. RESULTS We first discovered tissue-specific features of tissue-resident adipocytes, identified functional pathways involved in their tissue specificity, and found genes with cell type-specific expression enrichment in tissue-resident adipocytes. By following up these results, we discovered the propanoate metabolism pathway as a novel distinct characteristic of the heart-resident adipocytes and found a significant enrichment of coronary artery disease genome-wide association study risk variants among the right atrium-specific adipocyte marker genes. Our cell-cell communication analysis identified 22 specific heart adipocyte-associated ligand-receptor pairs and signaling pathways, including THBS (thrombospondin) and EPHA (ephrin type-A), further supporting the distinct tissue-resident role of heart adipocytes. Our results also suggest chamber-level coordination of heart adipocyte expression profiles as we observed a consistently larger number of adipocyte-associated ligand-receptor interactions and functional pathways in the atriums than ventricles. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we introduce a new function and genetic link to coronary artery disease for the previously unexplored heart-resident adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Subhra Das
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Asha Kar
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sandhya Rajkumar
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Seung Hyuk T. Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HealthyWeightHub, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
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Li R, Wang T, Marquardt RM, Lydon JP, Wu SP, DeMayo FJ. TRIM28 modulates nuclear receptor signaling to regulate uterine function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4605. [PMID: 37528140 PMCID: PMC10393996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone, acting through their cognate receptors the estrogen receptor α (ERα) and the progesterone receptor (PR) respectively, regulate uterine biology. Using rapid immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry (RIME) and co-immunoprecipitation, we identified TRIM28 (Tripartite motif containing 28) as a protein which complexes with ERα and PR in the regulation of uterine function. Impairment of TRIM28 expression results in the inability of the uterus to support early pregnancy through altered PR and ERα action in the uterine epithelium and stroma by suppressing PR and ERα chromatin binding. Furthermore, TRIM28 ablation in PR-expressing uterine cells results in the enrichment of a subset of TRIM28 positive and PR negative pericytes and epithelial cells with progenitor potential. In summary, our study reveals the important roles of TRIM28 in regulating endometrial cell composition and function in women, and also implies its critical functions in other hormone regulated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ryan M Marquardt
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Allen J, Pham L, Bond ST, O’Brien WT, Spitz G, Shultz SR, Drew BG, Wright DK, McDonald SJ. Acute effects of single and repeated mild traumatic brain injury on levels of neurometabolites, lipids, and mitochondrial function in male rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1208697. [PMID: 37456524 PMCID: PMC10338885 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1208697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are the most common form of acquired brain injury. Symptoms of mTBI are thought to be associated with a neuropathological cascade, potentially involving the dysregulation of neurometabolites, lipids, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Such alterations may play a role in the period of enhanced vulnerability that occurs after mTBI, such that a second mTBI will exacerbate neuropathology. However, it is unclear whether mTBI-induced alterations in neurometabolites and lipids that are involved in energy metabolism and other important cellular functions are exacerbated by repeat mTBI, and if such alterations are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods In this experiment, using a well-established awake-closed head injury (ACHI) paradigm to model mTBI, male rats were subjected to a single injury, or five injuries delivered 1 day apart, and injuries were confirmed with a beam-walk task and a video observation protocol. Abundance of several neurometabolites was evaluated 24 h post-final injury in the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and mitochondrial bioenergetics were evaluated 30 h post-final injury, or at 24 h in place of 1H-MRS, in the rostral half of the ipsilateral hippocampus. Lipidomic evaluations were conducted in the ipsilateral hippocampus and cortex. Results We found that behavioral deficits in the beam task persisted 1- and 4 h after the final injury in rats that received repetitive mTBIs, and this was paralleled by an increase and decrease in hippocampal glutamine and glucose, respectively, whereas a single mTBI had no effect on sensorimotor and metabolic measurements. No group differences were observed in lipid levels and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the hippocampus, although some lipids were altered in the cortex after repeated mTBI. Discussion The decrease in performance in sensorimotor tests and the presence of more neurometabolic and lipidomic abnormalities, after repeated but not singular mTBI, indicates that multiple concussions in short succession can have cumulative effects. Further preclinical research efforts are required to understand the underlying mechanisms that drive these alterations to establish biomarkers and inform treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Pham
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon T. Bond
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William T. O’Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gershon Spitz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Health Sciences, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian G. Drew
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David K. Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Emerging Roles of TRIM Family Proteins in Gliomas Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184536. [PMID: 36139694 PMCID: PMC9496762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gliomas remain challenging tumors due to their increased heterogeneity, complex molecular profile, and infiltrative phenotype that are often associated with a dismal prognosis. In a constant search for molecular changes and associated mechanisms, the TRIM protein family has emerged as an important area of investigation because of the regulation of vital cellular processes involved in brain pathophysiology that may possibly lead to brain tumor development. Herein, we discuss the diverse role of TRIM proteins in glioma progression, aiming to detect potential targets for future intervention. Abstract Gliomas encompass a vast category of CNS tumors affecting both adults and children. Treatment and diagnosis are often impeded due to intratumor heterogeneity and the aggressive nature of the more malignant forms. It is therefore essential to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and explore the intracellular signaling pathways underlying tumor pathology to provide more promising diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for gliomas. The tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) superfamily of proteins plays a key role in many physiological cellular processes, including brain development and function. Emerging evidence supports the association of TRIMs with a wide variety of cancers, exhibiting both an oncogenic as well as a tumor suppressive role depending on cancer type. In this review, we provide evidence of the pivotal role of TRIM proteins in gliomagenesis and exploit their potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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10
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Sandovici I, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Hufnagel A, Constância M, Ozanne SE. Sex differences in the intergenerational inheritance of metabolic traits. Nat Metab 2022; 4:507-523. [PMID: 35637347 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests that early-life exposures to suboptimal environmental factors, including those in utero, influence our long-term metabolic health. This has been termed developmental programming. Mounting evidence suggests that the growth and metabolism of male and female fetuses differ. Therefore, sexual dimorphism in response to pre-conception or early-life exposures could contribute to known sex differences in susceptibility to poor metabolic health in adulthood. However, until recently, many studies, especially those in animal models, focused on a single sex, or, often in the case of studies performed during intrauterine development, did not report the sex of the animal at all. In this review, we (a) summarize the evidence that male and females respond differently to a suboptimal pre-conceptional or in utero environment, (b) explore the potential biological mechanisms that underlie these differences and (c) review the consequences of these differences for long-term metabolic health, including that of subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Sandovici
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Denise S Fernandez-Twinn
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonia Hufnagel
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel Constância
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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11
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Sex differences in white adipose tissue expansion: emerging molecular mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2691-2708. [PMID: 34908104 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of individuals becoming overweight and obese is a rapidly rising global health problem, placing an enormous burden on health and economic systems worldwide. Whilst obesity has well described lifestyle drivers, there is also a significant and poorly understood component that is regulated by genetics. Furthermore, there is clear evidence for sexual dimorphism in obesity, where overall risk, degree, subtype and potential complications arising from obesity all differ between males and females. The molecular mechanisms that dictate these sex differences remain mostly uncharacterised. Many studies have demonstrated that this dimorphism is unable to be solely explained by changes in hormones and their nuclear receptors alone, and instead manifests from coordinated and highly regulated gene networks, both during development and throughout life. As we acquire more knowledge in this area from approaches such as large-scale genomic association studies, the more we appreciate the true complexity and heterogeneity of obesity. Nevertheless, over the past two decades, researchers have made enormous progress in this field, and some consistent and robust mechanisms continue to be established. In this review, we will discuss some of the proposed mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in obesity, and discuss some of the key regulators that influence this phenomenon.
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Bond ST, Zhuang A, Yang C, Gould EAM, Sikora T, Liu Y, Fu Y, Watt KI, Tan Y, Kiriazis H, Lancaster GI, Gregorevic P, Henstridge DC, McMullen JR, Meikle PJ, Calkin AC, Drew BG. Tissue-specific expression of Cas9 has no impact on whole-body metabolism in four transgenic mouse lines. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101292. [PMID: 34246805 PMCID: PMC8361256 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized gene editing and fast tracked our capacity to manipulate genes of interest for the benefit of both research and therapeutic applications. Whilst many advances have, and continue to be made in this area, perhaps the most utilized technology to date has been the generation of knockout cells, tissues and animals. The advantages of this technology are many fold, however some questions still remain regarding the effects that long term expression of foreign proteins such as Cas9, have on mammalian cell function. Several studies have proposed that chronic overexpression of Cas9, with or without its accompanying guide RNAs, may have deleterious effects on cell function and health. This is of particular concern when applying this technology in vivo, where chronic expression of Cas9 in tissues of interest may promote disease-like phenotypes and thus confound the investigation of the effects of the gene of interest. Although these concerns remain valid, no study to our knowledge has yet to demonstrate this directly. Methods In this study we used the lox-stop-lox (LSL) spCas9 ROSA26 transgenic (Tg) mouse line to generate four tissue-specific Cas9-Tg models that express Cas9 in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle or adipose tissue. We performed comprehensive phenotyping of these mice up to 20-weeks of age and subsequently performed molecular analysis of their organs. Results We demonstrate that Cas9 expression in these tissues had no detrimental effect on whole body health of the animals, nor did it induce any tissue-specific effects on whole body energy metabolism, liver health, inflammation, fibrosis, heart function or muscle mass. Conclusions Our data suggests that these models are suitable for studying the tissue specific effects of gene deletion using the LSL-Cas9-Tg model, and that phenotypes observed utilizing these models can be confidently interpreted as being gene specific, and not confounded by the chronic overexpression of Cas9. Detailed characterization of 4 tissue specific Cas9 TG mice in relevant metabolic tissues. Demonstration that these models express robust Cas9 in a tissue specific manner. Detailed phenotyping demonstrates that chronic Cas9 expression has no impact on tissue weight, body composition or body weight. Metabolic phenotyping demonstrates that Cas9 expression does not impact whole body glucose tolerance, or heart function. Tissue specific characterization confirms that there is no discernible effect on tissue health or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Bond
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Aowen Zhuang
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Christine Yang
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | | | - Tim Sikora
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Yingying Liu
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Ying Fu
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Kevin I Watt
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yanie Tan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | | | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Darren C Henstridge
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Anna C Calkin
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Brian G Drew
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
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