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Chen Q, Liu H, Giuliani A, Doucet LS, Johnson TE, Zhang L, Sun W. Global mantle perturbations following the onset of modern plate tectonics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadq7476. [PMID: 39413194 PMCID: PMC11482301 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq7476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Plate tectonics drives the compositional diversity of Earth's convecting mantle through subduction of lithosphere. In this context, the role of evolving global geodynamics and plate (re)organization on the spatial and temporal distribution of compositional heterogeneities in the convecting mantle is poorly understood. Here, using the geochemical compositions of intracontinental basalts formed over the past billion years, we show that intracontinental basalts with subchondritic initial neodymium-144/neodymium-143 values become common only after 300 million years, broadly coeval with the global appearance of kimberlites with geochemically enriched isotopic signatures. These step changes in the sources of intraplate magmatism stem from a rapid increase in the supply of deeply subducted lithosphere during the protracted formation of Pangea following the widespread onset of "modern" (cold and deep) subduction in the late Neoproterozoic. We argue that the delay (~300 million years) in the appearance of enriched intraplate magmas reflects the time required for the sinking and (re)incorporation of slabs into the sources of mantle-derived magmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Centre of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Curtin Frontier Institute for Geoscience Solutions, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - He Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Centre of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Andrea Giuliani
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH-Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Luc S. Doucet
- Curtin Frontier Institute for Geoscience Solutions, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Tim E. Johnson
- Curtin Frontier Institute for Geoscience Solutions, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Centre of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Ocean Sciences and Interdisciplinary Frontiers, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Weidong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Centre of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Ocean Sciences and Interdisciplinary Frontiers, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
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Ashraf U, Zhang H, Anees A, Ali M, Mangi HN, Zhang X. An ensemble-based strategy for robust predictive volcanic rock typing efficiency on a global-scale: A novel workflow driven by big data analytics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173425. [PMID: 38795994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Laboratory measurements, paleontological data, and well-logs are often used to conduct mineralogical and chemical analyses to classify rock samples. Employing digital intelligence techniques may enhance the accuracy of classification predictions while simultaneously speeding up the whole classification process. We aim to develop a comprehensive approach for categorizing igneous rock types based on their global geochemical characteristics. Our strategy integrates advanced clustering, classification, data mining, and statistical methods employing worldwide geochemical data set of ~25,000 points from 15 igneous rock types. In this pioneering study, we employed hierarchical clustering, linear projection analysis, and multidimensional scaling to determine the frequency distribution and oxide content of igneous rock types globally. The study included eight classifiers: Logistic Regression (LR), Gradient Boosting (GB), Random Forest (RF), K-nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and two ensemble-based classifier models, EN-1 and EN-2. EN-1 consisted of LR, GB, and RF aggregates, whereas EN-2 comprised the predictions of all ML models used in our study. The accuracy of EN-2 was 99.2 %, EN-1 achieved 98 %, while ANN yielded 98.2 %. EN-2 provided the best performance with highest initial curve for longest time on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Based on the ranking features, SiO2 was deemed most important followed by K2O and Na2O. Our findings indicate that the use of ensemble models enhances the accuracy and reliability of predictions by effectively capturing diverse patterns and correlations within the data. Consequently, this leads to more precise results in rock typing globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Ashraf
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hucai Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Aqsa Anees
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hassan Nasir Mangi
- School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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Zhang ZJ, Chen GX, Kusky T, Yang J, Cheng QM. Lithospheric thickness records tectonic evolution by controlling metamorphic conditions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2134. [PMID: 38100583 PMCID: PMC10848733 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The lithosphere, as the outermost solid layer of our planet, preserves a progressively more fragmentary record of geological events and processes from Earth's history the further back in time one looks. Thus, the evolution of lithospheric thickness and its cascading impacts in Earth's tectonic system are presently unknown. Here, we track the lithospheric thickness history using machine learning based on global lithogeochemical data of basalt. Our results demonstrate that four marked lithospheric thinning events occurred during the Paleoarchean, early Paleoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Phanerozoic with intermediate thickening scenarios. These events respectively correspond to supercontinent/supercraton breakup and assembly periods. Causality investigation further indicates that crustal metamorphic and deformation styles are the feedback of lithospheric thickness. Cross-correlation between lithospheric thickness and metamorphic thermal gradients records the transition from intraoceanic subduction systems to continental margin and intraoceanic in the Paleoarchean and Mesoarchean and a progressive emergence of large thick continents that allow supercontinent growth, which promoted assembly of the first supercontinent during the Neoarchean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Jie Zhang
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guo-Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Timothy Kusky
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Cheng
- State Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 51900, China
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Rovere A, Pico T, Richards F, O’Leary MJ, Mitrovica JX, Goodwin ID, Austermann J, Latychev K. Influence of reef isostasy, dynamic topography, and glacial isostatic adjustment on sea-level records in Northeastern Australia. COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 4:328. [PMID: 38665194 PMCID: PMC11041647 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-00967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding sea level during the peak of the Last Interglacial (125,000 yrs ago) is important for assessing future ice-sheet dynamics in response to climate change. The coasts and continental shelves of northeastern Australia (Queensland) preserve an extensive Last Interglacial record in the facies of coastal strandplains onland and fossil reefs offshore. However, there is a discrepancy, amounting to tens of meters, in the elevation of sea-level indicators between offshore and onshore sites. Here, we assess the influence of geophysical processes that may have changed the elevation of these sea-level indicators. We modeled sea-level change due to dynamic topography, glacial isostatic adjustment, and isostatic adjustment due to coral reef loading. We find that these processes caused relative sea-level changes on the order of, respectively, 10 m, 5 m, and 0.3 m. Of these geophysical processes, the dynamic topography predictions most closely match the tilting observed between onshore and offshore sea-level markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Rovere
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, DE Germany
| | - Tamara Pico
- Earth & Planetary Sciences Department, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Fred Richards
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J. O’Leary
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Jerry X. Mitrovica
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ian D. Goodwin
- Climalab, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Climate Change Research Centre and Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW Australia
| | - Jacqueline Austermann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Konstantin Latychev
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
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Stephenson SN, Ball PW, Richards FD. Destruction and regrowth of lithospheric mantle beneath large igneous provinces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6216. [PMID: 37672572 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are formed by enormous (i.e., frequently >106 km3) but short-lived magmatic events that have profound effects upon global geodynamic, tectonic, and environmental processes. Lithospheric structure is known to modulate mantle melting, yet its evolution during and after such dramatic periods of magmatism is poorly constrained. Using geochemical and seismological observations, we find that magmatism is associated with thin (i.e., ≲80 km) lithosphere and we reveal a striking positive correlation between the thickness of modern-day lithosphere beneath LIPs and time since eruption. Oceanic lithosphere rethickens to 125 km, while continental regions reach >190 km. Our results point to systematic destruction and subsequent regrowth of lithospheric mantle during and after LIP emplacement and recratonization of the continents following eruption. These insights have implications for the stability, age, and composition of ancient, thick, and chemically distinct lithospheric roots, the distribution of economic resources, and emissions of chemical species that force catastrophic environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick W Ball
- Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Fred D Richards
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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