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Wang H, Mills J, Sun B, Cui H. Therapeutic Supramolecular Polymers: Designs and Applications. Prog Polym Sci 2024; 148:101769. [PMID: 38188703 PMCID: PMC10769153 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembly of low-molecular-weight building motifs into supramolecular polymers has unlocked a new realm of materials with distinct properties and tremendous potential for advancing medical practices. Leveraging the reversible and dynamic nature of non-covalent interactions, these supramolecular polymers exhibit inherent responsiveness to their microenvironment, physiological cues, and biomolecular signals, making them uniquely suited for diverse biomedical applications. In this review, we intend to explore the principles of design, synthesis methodologies, and strategic developments that underlie the creation of supramolecular polymers as carriers for therapeutics, contributing to the treatment and prevention of a spectrum of human diseases. We delve into the principles underlying monomer design, emphasizing the pivotal role of non-covalent interactions, directionality, and reversibility. Moreover, we explore the intricate balance between thermodynamics and kinetics in supramolecular polymerization, illuminating strategies for achieving controlled sizes and distributions. Categorically, we examine their exciting biomedical applications: individual polymers as discrete carriers for therapeutics, delving into their interactions with cells, and in vivo dynamics; and supramolecular polymeric hydrogels as injectable depots, with a focus on their roles in cancer immunotherapy, sustained drug release, and regenerative medicine. As the field continues to burgeon, harnessing the unique attributes of therapeutic supramolecular polymers holds the promise of transformative impacts across the biomedical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jason Mills
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Boran Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Shi W, Liang K, Wang R, Liu J, Lu C. Biased Symmetry Breaking in the Formation of Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides: toward Control of Homochiral Supramolecular Assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303497. [PMID: 37376810 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Homochiral supramolecular assembly (HSA) based on achiral molecules has provided important clues to understand the origin of biological homochirality from the aspect of symmetry breaking. However, planar achiral molecules still face the challenge of forming HSA due to the lack of driving force for twisted stacking, which is a prerequisite for homochirality. Here, with the benefit of the formation of 2D intercalated layered double hydroxide (LDH, host-guest nanomaterials) in vortex motion, planar achiral guest molecules can form the chiral units with spatially asymmetrical structure in the confinement space of LDH. Once the LDH is removed, these chiral units are in a thermodynamic non-equilibrium state, which can be amplified to HSA by self-replicating. Especially, the homochiral bias can be predicted in advance by controlling the vortex direction. Therefore, this study breaks the bottleneck of complicated molecular design and provides a new technology to achieve HSA made of planar achiral molecules with definite handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kaixiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ruixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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Shi W, Xia Z, Zong Y, Wang R, Liu J, Lu C. Dynamic Control over Hierarchically Dendritic Architectures of Simple Heterogenous Monomers by Living Supramolecular Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37390488 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The successful preparation of supramolecular block copolymers (SBCPs) by living supramolecular assembly technology requires two kinetic systems in which both the seed (nucleus) and heterogenous monomer providers are in non-equilibrium. However, employing simple monomers to construct the SBCPs via this technology is almost impossible because the low spontaneous nucleation barrier of simple molecules prevents the formation of kinetic states. Here, with the help of confinement from layered double hydroxide (LDH), various simple monomers successfully form living supramolecular co-assemblies (LSCA). LDH overcomes a considerable energy barrier to obtain living seeds to support the growth of the inactivated second monomer. The ordered LDH topology is sequentially mapped to the seed, second monomer, and binding sites. Thus, the multidirectional binding sites are endowed with the ability to branch, making the branch length of dendritic LSCA reach its maximum value of 3.5 cm so far. The strategy of universality will guide exploration into the development of multi-function and multi-topology advanced supramolecular co-assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yingtong Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
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Zong Y, Xu SM, Shi W, Lu C. Chiral Hierarchical Architecture Induced by Confinement-Assisted Living Supramolecular Polymerization of Simple Achiral Molecules. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3838-3846. [PMID: 36779509 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chiral supramolecular assembly (CSA) based on achiral molecules has provided important clues to understand the origin of biological chirality. However, a simple achiral monomer faces the challenge of chiral stacking with the absence of a chiral resource. The difficulty is that simple achiral monomer lacks steric repulsion to provide asymmetry during hierarchical assembly, which is a prerequisite for chiral stacking with an angle. Moreover, during chiral stacking of achiral molecules or units, the right-handed and left-handed chiral supramolecular isomers (CSIs) are equally formed due to the mirror-imaged conformation, which leads to chirality silence. Here, with the benefit of two-dimensional confinement space of layered double hydroxide (LDH), simple achiral molecules can be arranged to staggered bilayer arrays by imprinting the topological structure of LDH. Once LDH is removed, these staggered arrays can form asymmetric living seeds, which can further elongate to living units with the advantage of living supramolecular polymerization (LSP) by following off-pathway. Due to the asymmetry of living units, the possible chiral stacking outcomes, CSIs, are not mirror-imaged. With the increase of the molecular number in living units, the energy difference between CSIs can be amplified by self-replication of LSP, leading to handedness preference. Thus, the detectable CSA is mainly derived from the CSI with energetically favored hierarchical structure. Thus, our strategy breaks the stereotype that the complex molecular structure and symmetry breaking mechanism are necessary for the formation of detectable CSA by achiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtong Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, 341000 Ganzhou, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Si-Min Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, 341000 Ganzhou, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Wenying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Zhang M, Hao H, Shi C, Chen C, Zhou G, Wang J, Cao Y, Han X. Bis-terpyridine imprinted nanocage in the confined two-dimensional lamellar membrane for selective adsorption of Nd(III). Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kong J, Liang K, Shi W, Lu C. Construction of a Highly Anisotropic Supramolecular Assembly Assisted by a Dimensional Confinement Space: Toward Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52262-52269. [PMID: 36373964 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed polycrystalline perovskites (PVKs) have aroused tremendous interest in the optoelectronic device field. However, the inherent high-density defects in the polycrystalline hindered achieving efficient and stable large-area PVK solar cells (PSCs). Although organic molecules are already employed to passivate PVK defects, they are insulating by nature, limiting the carrier transport. Here, we design an assembly of a small molecule (N,N'-di(propanoic acid)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diamide, PDI) via confinement-assisted supramolecular polymerization technology, which is used as a binder for grain boundaries to simultaneously passivate defects and promote carrier transport. The synergistic effect allows the efficiency of all-air processed carbon-based PSCs to reach a decent power conversion efficiency of 14.17%. Importantly, the as-prepared supramolecular assembly completely breaks through the insulating nature of the single molecule, which exists in the long-term defect passivation of PSCs by organic molecules. It is expected that this finding may provide novel design ideas to apply the assemblies to improve the performance of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kaixiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhou Z, He W, Chao H, Wang H, Su P, Song J, Yang Y. Insertion of Hemin into Metal-Organic Frameworks: Mimicking Natural Peroxidase Microenvironment for the Rapid Ultrasensitive Detection of Uranium. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6833-6841. [PMID: 35482423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Constructing enzyme-like active sites in mimic enzyme systems is critical for achieving catalytic performances comparable to natural enzymes and can shed light on the natural development of enzymes. In this study, we described a specific hemin-based mimetic enzyme, which was facilely synthesized by the assembly of zeolitic imidazolate framework-l (ZIF-l) and hemin. The obtained hemin-based mimetic enzyme (denoted as ZIF-l-hemin) displayed enhanced peroxidase activity compared to free hemin in solution. Such excellent activity originated from the ZIF-l framework mimicking the active site cavity microenvironment of horseradish peroxidase in terms of axially coordinated histidine and distal histidine. Additionally, the constructed peroxidase mimetic was extremely resistant to a variety of severe circumstances that would normally denature natural enzymes. These characteristics made ZIF-l-hemin a potential platform for the colorimetric sensor of uranium (UO22+) with wide linear ranges (0.25-40 μM) and low limits of detection (0.079 μM). Moreover, the detection mechanism demonstrated that the coordination of uranyl ion with imidazole of ZIF-l-hemin reduced the catalytic efficiency of ZIF-l-hemin. The current work not only proposed a novel approach for fabricating artificial peroxidase but also offered facile colorimetric methods for selective radionuclide detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wenting He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ping Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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