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Strazza M, Song R, Hiner S, Mor A. Changing the location of proteins on the cell surface is a promising strategy for modulating T cell functions. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38952142 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting immune receptors on T cells is a common strategy to treat cancer and autoimmunity. Frequently, this is accomplished through monoclonal antibodies targeting the ligand binding sites of stimulatory or inhibitory co-receptors. Blocking ligand binding prevents downstream signalling and modulates specific T cell functions. Since 1985, the FDA has approved over 100 monoclonal antibodies against immune receptors. This therapeutic approach significantly improved the care of patients with numerous immune-related conditions; however, many patients are unresponsive, and some develop immune-related adverse events. One reason for that is the lack of consideration for the localization of these receptors on the cell surface of the immune cells in the context of the immune synapse. In addition to blocking ligand binding, changing the location of these receptors on the cell surface within the different compartments of the immunological synapse could serve as an alternative, efficient, and safer approach to treating these patients. This review discusses the potential therapeutic advantages of altering proteins' localization within the immune synapse and summarizes published work in this field. It also discusses the novel use of bispecific antibodies to induce the clustering of receptors on the cell surface. It presents the rationale for developing novel antibodies, targeting the organization of signalling receptor complexes on the cell surface. This approach offers an innovative and emerging technology to treat cancer patients resistant to current immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Strazza
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruijiang Song
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Hiner
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam Mor
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Chen Y, Yu D, Qian H, Shi Y, Tao Z. CD8 + T cell-based cancer immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:394. [PMID: 38685033 PMCID: PMC11057112 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system in humans is a defense department against both exogenous and endogenous hazards, where CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in opposing pathological threats. Various immunotherapies based on CD8+ T cells have emerged in recent decades, showing their promising results in treating intractable diseases. However, in the fight against the constantly changing and evolving cancers, the formation and function of CD8+ T cells can be challenged by tumors that might train a group of accomplices to resist the T cell killing. As cancer therapy stepped into the era of immunotherapy, understanding the physiological role of CD8+ T cells, studying the machinery of tumor immune escape, and thereby formulating different therapeutic strategies become the imperative missions for clinical and translational researchers to fulfill. After brief basics of CD8+ T cell-based biology is covered, this review delineates the mechanisms of tumor immune escape and discusses different cancer immunotherapy regimens with their own advantages and setbacks, embracing challenges and perspectives in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Dingning Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Zhimin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
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3
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Racca NM, Dontu A, Riley K, Yolcu ES, Shirwan H, Coronel MM. Bending the Rules: Amplifying PD-L1 Immunoregulatory Function Through Flexible Polyethylene Glycol Synthetic Linkers. Tissue Eng Part A 2024; 30:299-313. [PMID: 38318841 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint signaling, such as programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), is a key target for immunotherapy due to its role in dampening immune responses. PD-1 signaling in T cells is regulated by complex physicochemical and mechanical cues. However, how these mechanical forces are integrated with biochemical responses remains poorly understood. Our previous work demonstrated that the use of an immobilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker on synthetic microgels for the presentation of a chimeric form of PD-L1, SA-PD-L1, lead to local regulatory responses capable of abrogating allograft rejection in a model of cell-based transplantation. We herein provide evidence that enhanced immune regulating function can be obtained when presentation of SA-PD-L1 is achieved through a longer more flexible PEG chain. Presentation of SA-PD-L1 through a linker of high molecular weight, and thus longer length (10 kDa, 60 nm in length), led to enhance conversion of naive T cells into T regulatory cells (Tregs) in vitro. In addition, using a subcutaneous implant model and protein tethered through three different linker sizes (6, 30, and 60 nm) to the surface of PEG hydrogels, we demonstrated that longer linkers promoted PD-1 immunomodulatory role in vivo through three main functions: (1) augmenting immune cell recruitment at the transplant site; (2) promoting the accumulation of naive Tregs expressing migratory markers; and (3) dampening CD8+ cytolytic molecule production while augmenting expression of exhaustion phenotypes locally. Notably, accumulation of Treg cells at the implant site persisted for over 30 days postimplantation, an effect not observed when protein was presented with the shorter version of the linkers (6 and 30 nm). Collectively, these studies reveal a facile approach by which PD-L1 function can be modulated through external tuning of synthetic presenting linkers. Impact statement Recently, there has been a growing interest in immune checkpoint molecules as potential targets for tolerance induction, including programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). However, how the mechanics of ligand binding to PD-1 receptor affect downstream activation signaling pathways remains unresolved. By taking advantage of the effect of polyethylene glycol chain length on molecule kinetics in an aqueous solution, we herein show that PD-L1 function can be amplified by adjusting the length of the grafting linker. Our results uncover a potential facile mechanism that can be exploited to advance the role of immune checkpoint ligands, in particular PD-L1, in tolerance induction for immunosuppression-free cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Racca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Elizabeth Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexander Dontu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kayle Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Elizabeth Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Esma S Yolcu
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Department of Pediatrics and University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Associate Director, Immunomodulation and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - María M Coronel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Elizabeth Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Lee TA, Tsai EY, Liu SH, Hsu Hung SD, Chang SJ, Chao CH, Lai YJ, Yamaguchi H, Li CW. Post-translational Modification of PD-1: Potential Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2024; 84:800-807. [PMID: 38231470 PMCID: PMC10940856 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Activation of effector T cells leads to upregulation of PD-1, which can inhibit T-cell activity following engagement with its ligand PD-L1. Post-translational modifications (PTM), including glycosylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and palmitoylation, play a significant role in regulating PD-1 protein stability, localization, and interprotein interactions. Targeting PTM of PD-1 in T cells has emerged as a potential strategy to overcome PD-1-mediated immunosuppression in cancer and enhances antitumor immunity. The regulatory signaling pathways that induce PTM of PD-1 can be suppressed with small-molecule inhibitors, and mAbs can directly target PD-1 PTMs. Preliminary outcomes from exploratory studies suggest that focusing on the PTM of PD-1 has strong therapeutic potential and can enhance the response to anti-PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-An Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En-Yun Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Hou Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chi-Hong Chao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Albu DI, Wolf BJ, Qin Y, Wang X, Daniel Ulumben A, Su M, Li V, Ding E, Angel Gonzalo J, Kong J, Jadhav R, Kuklin N, Visintin A, Gong B, Schuetz TJ. A bispecific anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 antibody induces PD-1 cleavage and provides enhanced anti-tumor activity. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2316945. [PMID: 38379869 PMCID: PMC10877993 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2316945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial strategies, such as targeting different immune checkpoint receptors, hold promise to increase the breadth and duration of the response to cancer therapy. Here we describe the preclinical evaluation of CTX-8371, a protein construct which combines PD-1 and PD-L1 targeting in one bispecific, tetravalent antibody. CTX-8371 matched or surpassed the activity of anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 benchmark antibodies in several in vitro T cell activation assays and outperformed clinically approved benchmarks in the subcutaneous MC38 colon and the B16F10 lung metastasis mouse tumor models. Investigation into the mechanism of action revealed that CTX-8371 co-engagement of PD-1 and PD-L1 induced the proteolytic cleavage and loss of cell surface PD-1, which is a novel and non-redundant mechanism that adds to the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis blockade. The combination of CTX-8371 and an agonistic anti-CD137 antibody further increased the anti-tumor efficacy with long-lasting curative therapeutic effect. In summary, CTX-8371 is a novel checkpoint inhibitor that might provide greater clinical benefit compared to current anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies, especially when combined with agents with orthogonal mechanisms of action, such as agonistic anti-CD137 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Qin
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mei Su
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivian Li
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Kong
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bing Gong
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Attias M, Piccirillo CA. The impact of Foxp3 + regulatory T-cells on CD8 + T-cell dysfunction in tumour microenvironments and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38325330 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a breakthrough in cancer therapy, inducing durable remissions in responding patients. However, they are associated with variable outcomes, spanning from disease hyperprogression to complete responses with the onset of immune-related adverse events. The consequences of checkpoint inhibition on Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg ) cells remain unclear but could provide key insights into these variable outcomes. In this review, we first cover the mechanisms that underlie the development of hot and cold tumour microenvironments, which determine the efficacy of immunotherapy. We then outline how differences in tumour-intrinsic immunogenicity, T-cell trafficking, local metabolic environments and inhibitory checkpoint signalling differentially impair CD8+ T-cell function in tumour microenvironments, all the while promoting Treg -cell suppressive activity. Finally, we focus on the mechanisms that enable the induction of polyfunctional CD8+ T-cells upon checkpoint blockade and discuss the role of ICI-induced Treg -cell reactivation in acquired resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaël Attias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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7
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Zhao Q, Zong H, Zhu P, Su C, Tang W, Chen Z, Jin S. Crosstalk between colorectal CSCs and immune cells in tumorigenesis, and strategies for targeting colorectal CSCs. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 38254219 PMCID: PMC10802076 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of colorectal cancer, and relapse after tumor immunotherapy has attracted increasing attention. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumor cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacities, are resistant to traditional therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently, CSCs have been proven to be the cells driving tumor relapse after immunotherapy. However, the mutual interactions between CSCs and cancer niche immune cells are largely uncharacterized. In this review, we focus on colorectal CSCs, CSC-immune cell interactions and CSC-based immunotherapy. Colorectal CSCs are characterized by robust expression of surface markers such as CD44, CD133 and Lgr5; hyperactivation of stemness-related signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo/Yap1, Jak/Stat and Notch pathways; and disordered epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA action. Moreover, colorectal CSCs express abnormal levels of immune-related genes such as MHC and immune checkpoint molecules and mutually interact with cancer niche cells in multiple tumorigenesis-related processes, including tumor initiation, maintenance, metastasis and drug resistance. To date, many therapies targeting CSCs have been evaluated, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody‒drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, tumor vaccines adoptive cell therapy, and small molecule inhibitors. With the development of CSC-/niche-targeting technology, as well as the integration of multidisciplinary studies, novel therapies that eliminate CSCs and reverse their immunosuppressive microenvironment are expected to be developed for the treatment of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hong Zong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Pingping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 Jing‑ba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shuiling Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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8
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Paillon N, Mouro V, Dogniaux S, Maurin M, Saez Pons JJ, Ferran H, Bataille L, Zucchetti AE, Hivroz C. PD-1 inhibits T cell actin remodeling at the immunological synapse independently of its signaling motifs. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadh2456. [PMID: 38015913 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adh2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Engagement of the receptor programmed cell death molecule 1 (PD-1) by its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 inhibits T cell-mediated immune responses. Blocking such signaling provides the clinical effects of PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying PD-1-mediated inhibition. Because dynamic actin remodeling is crucial for T cell functions, we characterized the effects of PD-1 engagement on actin remodeling at the immunological synapse, the interface between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell (APC) or target cell. We used microscopy to analyze the formation of immunological synapses between PD-1+ Jurkat cells or primary human CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and APCs that presented T cell-activating antibodies and were either positive or negative for PD-L1. PD-1 binding to PD-L1 inhibited T cell spreading induced by antibody-mediated activation, which was characterized by the absence of the F-actin-dense distal lamellipodial network at the immunological synapse and the Arp2/3 complex, which mediates branched actin formation. PD-1-induced inhibition of actin remodeling also prevented the characteristic deformation of T cells that contact APCs and the release of cytotoxic granules. We showed that the effects of PD-1 on actin remodeling did not require its tyrosine-based signaling motifs, which are thought to mediate the co-inhibitory effects of PD-1. Our study highlights a previously unappreciated mechanism of PD-1-mediated suppression of T cell activity, which depends on the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in a signaling motif-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Paillon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 "Integrative analysis of T cell activation" team, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Violette Mouro
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 "Integrative analysis of T cell activation" team, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Dogniaux
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 "Integrative analysis of T cell activation" team, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 "Integrative analysis of T cell activation" team, Paris, France
| | - Juan-José Saez Pons
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 "Integrative analysis of T cell activation" team, Paris, France
| | - Hermine Ferran
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 "Integrative analysis of T cell activation" team, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Bataille
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 "Integrative analysis of T cell activation" team, Paris, France
| | - Andrés Ernesto Zucchetti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 "Integrative analysis of T cell activation" team, Paris, France
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 "Integrative analysis of T cell activation" team, Paris, France
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9
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Acharya S, Kumari S. Actin' off: PD-1 suppresses F-actin rearrangement and degranulation at the immunological synapse. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadl3956. [PMID: 38015912 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adl3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death molecule 1 (PD-1) is a negative regulator of T cell activation; however, the mechanisms by which it acts are unclear. In this issue of Science Signaling, Paillon et al. show that PD-1 inhibits actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and associated effector responses in cytotoxic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Acharya
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sudha Kumari
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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10
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Matos AI, Peres C, Carreira B, Moura LIF, Acúrcio RC, Vogel T, Wegener E, Ribeiro F, Afonso MB, Santos FMF, Martínez‐Barriocanal Á, Arango D, Viana AS, Góis PMP, Silva LC, Rodrigues CMP, Graca L, Jordan R, Satchi‐Fainaro R, Florindo HF. Polyoxazoline-Based Nanovaccine Synergizes with Tumor-Associated Macrophage Targeting and Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy against Solid Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300299. [PMID: 37434063 PMCID: PMC10477894 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade reaches remarkable clinical responses. However, even in the most favorable cases, half of these patients do not benefit from these therapies in the long term. It is hypothesized that the activation of host immunity by co-delivering peptide antigens, adjuvants, and regulators of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression using a polyoxazoline (POx)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanovaccine, while modulating the tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) function within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and blocking the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) can constitute an alternative approach for cancer immunotherapy. POx-Mannose (Man) nanovaccines generate antigen-specific T-cell responses that control tumor growth to a higher extent than poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-Man nanovaccines. This anti-tumor effect induced by the POx-Man nanovaccines is mediated by a CD8+ -T cell-dependent mechanism, in contrast to the PEG-Man nanovaccines. POx-Man nanovaccine combines with pexidartinib, a modulator of the TAM function, restricts the MC38 tumor growth, and synergizes with PD-1 blockade, controlling MC38 and CT26 tumor growth and survival. This data is further validated in the highly aggressive and poorly immunogenic B16F10 melanoma mouse model. Therefore, the synergistic anti-tumor effect induced by the combination of nanovaccines with the inhibition of both TAM- and PD-1-inducing immunosuppression, holds great potential for improving immunotherapy outcomes in solid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Matos
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon Academic Medical CenterUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐028Portugal
| | - Carina Peres
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon Academic Medical CenterUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐028Portugal
| | - Barbara Carreira
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Liane I. F. Moura
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Rita C. Acúrcio
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Theresa Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Erik Wegener
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Filipa Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon Academic Medical CenterUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐028Portugal
| | - Marta B. Afonso
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Fábio M. F. Santos
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Águeda Martínez‐Barriocanal
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract TumorsCIBBIM‐NanomedicineVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Barcelona08035Spain
- Group of Molecular OncologyLleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida)Lleida25198Spain
| | - Diego Arango
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract TumorsCIBBIM‐NanomedicineVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Barcelona08035Spain
- Group of Molecular OncologyLleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida)Lleida25198Spain
| | - Ana S. Viana
- Centro de Química EstruturalDepartamento de Química e BioquímicaInstitute of Molecular SciencesFaculty of SciencesUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1749‐016Portugal
| | - Pedro M. P. Góis
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Liana C. Silva
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
| | - Luis Graca
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon Academic Medical CenterUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐028Portugal
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of ScienceTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Ronit Satchi‐Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineSagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Grouf of BioNanoSciences ‐ Drug Delivery and Immunoengineering, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health TechnologiesFaculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐003Portugal
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11
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Lin X, Li Z, Gong G, Wang H, Fang X, Mor G, Liao A. The immune checkpoint protein PD-1: Its emerging regulatory role in memory T cells. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 159:104130. [PMID: 37591180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Immunological memory helps the body rapidly develop immune defense when it re-encounters a bacterial or viral strain or encounters a similar mutation in healthy cells. The immune checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) influences memory T cell differentiation. However, the mechanism by which PD-1 regulates the development and maintenance of memory T cells and its impact on memory T cells function remain unclear. In this review, we first discuss the structure and function of PD-1 and then summarize the roles of PD-1 as a marker of tumor memory T cells and in tumor immunotherapy. We also discuss the potential mechanisms through which PD-1 regulates memory T cells development and maintenance during immune diseases such as viral infection-mediated diseases, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis, and list the effects of PD-1 on memory T cells in pregnancy and their function in maternal-fetal immune balance. A complete understanding of how PD-1 influences the development, maintenance, and function of memory T cells will provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Lin
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhijing Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guangshun Gong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xuhui Fang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Gil Mor
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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12
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Li K, Cardenas-Lizana P, Kellner AV, Yuan Z, Ahn E, Lyu J, Li Z, Salaita K, Ahmed R, Zhu C. Mechanical force regulates ligand binding and function of PD-1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.13.553152. [PMID: 37645980 PMCID: PMC10462004 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.13.553152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1 shows great success in cancer therapy. However, the mechanism of how ligand binding initiates PD-1 signaling remains unclear. As prognosis markers of multiple cancers, soluble PD-L1 is found in patient sera and can bind PD-1, but fails to suppress T cell function. This and our previous observations that T cells exert endogenous forces on PD-1-PD-L2 bonds prompt the hypothesis that mechanical force might be critical to PD-1 triggering, which is missing in the soluble ligand case due to the lack of mechanical support afforded by surface-anchored ligand. Here we show that PD-1 function is eliminated or reduced when mechanical support on ligand is removed or dampened, respectively. Force spectroscopic analysis reveals that PD-1 forms catch bonds with both PD-Ligands <7 pN where force prolongs bond lifetime, but slip bonds >8 pN where force accelerates dissociation. Steered molecular dynamics finds PD-1-PD-L2 complex very sensitive to force due to the two molecules' "side-to-side" binding via β sheets. Pulling causes relative rotation and translation between the two molecules by stretching and aligning the complex along the force direction, yielding new atomic contacts not observed in the crystal structure. Compared to wild-type, PD-1 mutants targeting the force-induced new interactions maintain the same binding affinity but display lower rupture force, shorter bond lifetime, reduced tension, and most importantly, impaired capacity to suppress T cell activation. Our results uncover a mechanism for cells to probe the mechanical support of PD-1-PD-Ligand bonds using endogenous forces to regulate PD-1 triggering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitao Li
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Paul Cardenas-Lizana
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Anna V. Kellner
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Eunseon Ahn
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jintian Lyu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Zhenhai Li
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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13
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Faust MA, Rasé VJ, Lamb TJ, Evavold BD. What's the Catch? The Significance of Catch Bonds in T Cell Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:333-342. [PMID: 37459191 PMCID: PMC10732538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the main goals in T cell biology has been to investigate how TCR recognition of peptide:MHC (pMHC) determines T cell phenotype and fate. Ag recognition is required to facilitate survival, expansion, and effector function of T cells. Historically, TCR affinity for pMHC has been used as a predictor for T cell fate and responsiveness, but there have now been several examples of nonfunctional high-affinity clones and low-affinity highly functional clones. Recently, more attention has been paid to the TCR being a mechanoreceptor where the key biophysical determinant is TCR bond lifetime under force. As outlined in this review, the fundamental parameters between the TCR and pMHC that control Ag recognition and T cell triggering are affinity, bond lifetime, and the amount of force at which the peak lifetime occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Faust
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Viva J Rasé
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Li T, Wang X, Niu M, Wang M, Zhou J, Wu K, Yi M. Bispecific antibody targeting TGF-β and PD-L1 for synergistic cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196970. [PMID: 37520520 PMCID: PMC10373067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cancer immune evasion, and the use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies represents a significant milestone in cancer immunotherapy. However, the low response rate observed in unselected patients and the development of therapeutic resistance remain major obstacles to their clinical application. Accumulating studies showed that overexpressed TGF-β is another immunosuppressive factor apart from traditional immune checkpoints. Actually, the effects of PD-1 and TGF-β pathways are independent and interactive, which work together contributing to the immune evasion of cancer cell. It has been verified that blocking TGF-β and PD-L1 simultaneously could enhance the efficacy of PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and overcome its treatment resistance. Based on the bispecific antibody or fusion protein technology, multiple bispecific and bifunctional antibodies have been developed. In the preclinical and clinical studies, these updated antibodies exhibited potent anti-tumor activity, superior to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapies. In the review, we summarized the advances of bispecific antibodies targeting TGF-β and PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy. We believe these next-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors would substantially alter the cancer treatment paradigm, especially in anti-PD-1/PD-L1-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinrun Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingli Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Wang L, Yang Z, Guo F, Chen Y, Wei J, Dai X, Zhang X. Research progress of biomarkers in the prediction of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapeutic efficiency in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227797. [PMID: 37465684 PMCID: PMC10351040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors is widely used in the treatment of multiple cancer types including lung cancer, which is a leading cause of cancer death in the world. However, only a limited proportion of lung cancer patients will benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Therefore, it is of importance to predict the response to immunotherapy for the precision treatment of patients. Although the expression of PD-L1 and tumor mutation burden (TMB) are commonly used to predict the clinical response of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, other factors such as tumor-specific genes, dMMR/MSI, and gut microbiome are also promising predictors for immunotherapy in lung cancer. Furthermore, invasive peripheral blood biomarkers including blood DNA-related biomarkers (e.g., ctDNA and bTMB), blood cell-related biomarkers (e.g., immune cells and TCR), and other blood-related biomarkers (e.g., soluble PD-L1 and cytokines) were utilized to predict the immunotherapeutic response. In this review, the current achievements of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and the potential biomarkers for the prediction of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in lung cancer treatment were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongxing Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiarui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Hu C, Liu M, Li Y, Zhao Y, Sharma A, Liu H, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Recent advances and future perspectives of CAR-T cell therapy in head and neck cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213716. [PMID: 37457699 PMCID: PMC10346844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) ranks as the sixth most prevalent type of cancer globally and accounts for about 4% of all types of cancer. Among all HNC, most are head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with clinical therapies that include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and multimodal treatments. In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy has significantly transformed the therapeutic approaches for leukemia and lymphoma and has garnered increased attention as a potential treatment for a wide range of cancers. However, CAR-T immunotherapy in solid tumors, especially HNSCCs, lags significantly behind due to the paucity of tumor-specific antigens, high levels of tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, the risk of treatment-related toxicities and off-target adverse events in HNSCCs. The objective of this review is to explore the advancement of CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of HNSCCs. We aim to outline the targeted antigens in HNSCCs, highlight the challenges and potential solutions, and discuss the relevant combination therapies. Our review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in CAR-T cell therapy for HNSCCs, and provides valuable insights into future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutao Li
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Haotian Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Tian W, Qin G, Jia M, Li W, Cai W, Wang H, Zhao Y, Bao X, Wei W, Zhang Y, Shao Q. Hierarchical transcriptional network governing heterogeneous T cell exhaustion and its implications for immune checkpoint blockade. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198551. [PMID: 37398674 PMCID: PMC10311999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fundamental principle of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is to protect tumor-infiltrating T cells from being exhausted. Despite the remarkable success achieved by ICB treatment, only a small group of patients benefit from it. Characterized by a hypofunctional state with the expression of multiple inhibitory receptors, exhausted T (Tex) cells are a major obstacle in improving ICB. T cell exhaustion is a progressive process which adapts to persistent antigen stimulation in chronic infections and cancers. In this review, we elucidate the heterogeneity of Tex cells and offer new insights into the hierarchical transcriptional regulation of T cell exhaustion. Factors and signaling pathways that induce and promote exhaustion are also summarized. Moreover, we review the epigenetic and metabolic alterations of Tex cells and discuss how PD-1 signaling affects the balance between T cell activation and exhaustion, aiming to provide more therapeutic targets for applications of combinational immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Gaofeng Qin
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Miaomiao Jia
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wuhao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weili Cai
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangjing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanwen Bao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangzhi Wei
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Chu X, Tian W, Wang Z, Zhang J, Zhou R. Co-inhibition of TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms and Clinical Trials. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:93. [PMID: 37291608 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a revolutionary cancer treatment modality, offering long-lasting responses and survival benefits for a substantial number of cancer patients. However, the response rates to ICIs vary significantly among individuals and cancer types, with a notable proportion of patients exhibiting resistance or showing no response. Therefore, dual ICI combination therapy has been proposed as a potential strategy to address these challenges. One of the targets is TIGIT, an inhibitory receptor associated with T-cell exhaustion. TIGIT has diverse immunosuppressive effects on the cancer immunity cycle, including the inhibition of natural killer cell effector function, suppression of dendritic cell maturation, promotion of macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype, and differentiation of T cells to regulatory T cells. Furthermore, TIGIT is linked with PD-1 expression, and it can synergize with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade to enhance tumor rejection. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of co-inhibition of TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 in enhancing anti-tumor immunity and improving treatment outcomes in several cancer types. Several clinical trials are underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 co-inhibition in various cancer types, and the results are awaited. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 co-inhibition in anti-tumor treatment, summarizes the latest clinical trials investigating this combination therapy, and discusses its prospects. Overall, co-inhibition of TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 represents a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment that has the potential to improve the outcomes of cancer patients treated with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
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19
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Fortunato M, Amodio G, Gregori S. IL-10-Engineered Dendritic Cells Modulate Allogeneic CD8 + T Cell Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119128. [PMID: 37298076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) play a central role in regulating immune homeostasis and in promoting peripheral tolerance. These features render tolDC a promising tool for cell-based approaches aimed at inducing tolerance in T-cell mediated diseases and in allogeneic transplantation. We developed a protocol to generate genetically engineered human tolDC overexpressing IL-10 (DCIL-10) by means of a bidirectional lentiviral vector (LV) encoding for IL-10. DCIL-10 promote allo-specific T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells, modulate allogeneic CD4+ T cell responses in vitro and in vivo, and are stable in a pro-inflammatory milieu. In the present study, we investigated the ability of DCIL-10 to modulate cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses. We demonstrate that DCIL-10 reduces allogeneic CD8+ T cell proliferation and activation in primary mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). Moreover, long-term stimulation with DCIL-10 induces allo-specific anergic CD8+ T cells without signs of exhaustion. DCIL-10-primed CD8+ T cells display limited cytotoxic activity. These findings indicate that stable over-expression of IL-10 in human DC leads to a population of cells able to modulate cytotoxic allogeneic CD8+ T cell responses, overall indicating that DCIL-10 represent a promising cellular product for clinical applications aimed at inducing tolerance after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fortunato
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- PhD Course in Molecular Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Amodio
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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20
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Klein S, Mischke J, Beruldsen F, Prinz I, Antunes DA, Cornberg M, Kraft ARM. Individual Epitope-Specific CD8 + T Cell Immune Responses Are Shaped Differently during Chronic Viral Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050716. [PMID: 37242386 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark in chronic viral infections are exhausted antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and the inability of the immune system to eliminate the virus. Currently, there is limited information on the variability of epitope-specific T cell exhaustion within one immune response and the relevance to the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. The aim of this study was a comprehensive analysis and comparison of three lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses (NP396, GP33 and NP205) in a chronic setting with immune intervention, e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, in regard to the TCR repertoire. These responses, though measured within the same mice, were individual and independent from each other. The massively exhausted NP396-specific CD8+ T cells revealed a significantly reduced TCR repertoire diversity, whereas less-exhausted GP33-specific CD8+ T cell responses were rather unaffected by chronicity in regard to their TCR repertoire diversity. NP205-specific CD8+ T cell responses showed a very special TCR repertoire with a prominent public motif of TCR clonotypes that was present in all NP205-specific responses, which separated this from NP396- and GP33-specific responses. Additionally, we showed that TCR repertoire shifts induced by ICI therapy are heterogeneous on the epitope level, by revealing profound effects in NP396-, less severe and opposed effects in NP205-, and minor effects in GP33-specific responses. Overall, our data revealed individual epitope-specific responses within one viral response that are differently affected by exhaustion and ICI therapy. These individual shapings of epitope-specific T cell responses and their TCR repertoires in an LCMV mouse model indicates important implications for focusing on epitope-specific responses in future evaluations for therapeutic approaches, e.g., for chronic hepatitis virus infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mischke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Finn Beruldsen
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dinler A Antunes
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CIIM), c/o CRC Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anke R M Kraft
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CIIM), c/o CRC Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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21
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Goenka A, Khan F, Verma B, Sinha P, Dmello CC, Jogalekar MP, Gangadaran P, Ahn B. Tumor microenvironment signaling and therapeutics in cancer progression. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:525-561. [PMID: 37005490 PMCID: PMC10174093 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, among other factors. Stromal cells can adopt new phenotypes to promote tumor cell invasion. A deep understanding of the signaling pathways involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM interactions is needed to design effective intervention strategies that might interrupt these interactions. In this review, we describe the tumor microenvironment (TME) components and associated therapeutics. We discuss the clinical advances in the prevalent and newly discovered signaling pathways in the TME, the immune checkpoints and immunosuppressive chemokines, and currently used inhibitors targeting these pathways. These include both intrinsic and non-autonomous tumor cell signaling pathways in the TME: protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, Notch, and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress response, lactate signaling, Metabolic reprogramming, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and Siglec signaling pathways. We also discuss the recent advances in Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4), T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) and Lymphocyte Activating Gene 3 (LAG3) immune checkpoint inhibitors along with the C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)- C-C class chemokines 22 (CCL22)/ and 17 (CCL17), C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2)- chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)- chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) chemokine signaling axis in the TME. In addition, this review provides a holistic understanding of the TME as we discuss the three-dimensional and microfluidic models of the TME, which are believed to recapitulate the original characteristics of the patient tumor and hence may be used as a platform to study new mechanisms and screen for various anti-cancer therapies. We further discuss the systemic influences of gut microbiota in TME reprogramming and treatment response. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diverse and most critical signaling pathways in the TME, highlighting the associated newest and critical preclinical and clinical studies along with their underlying biology. We highlight the importance of the most recent technologies of microfluidics and lab-on-chip models for TME research and also present an overview of extrinsic factors, such as the inhabitant human microbiome, which have the potential to modulate TME biology and drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of NeurologyThe Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological SurgeryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Bhupender Verma
- Department of OphthalmologySchepens Eye Research InstituteMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, 02114MAUSA
| | - Priyanka Sinha
- Department of NeurologyMassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, 02129MAUSA
| | - Crismita C. Dmello
- Department of Neurological SurgeryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Manasi P. Jogalekar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California San FranciscoSan Francisco, 94143CAUSA
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future TalentsDepartment of Biomedical Science, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu, 41944South Korea
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu, 41944South Korea
| | - Byeong‐Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future TalentsDepartment of Biomedical Science, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu, 41944South Korea
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu, 41944South Korea
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22
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Rosado AM, Zhang Y, Choi HK, Chen Y, Ehrlich SM, Jin F, Grakoui A, Evavold BD, Zhu C. Memory in repetitive protein–protein interaction series. APL Bioeng 2023. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0130805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between proteins coordinate biological processes in an organism and may impact its responses to changing environments and diseases through feedback systems. Feedback systems function by using changes in the past to influence behaviors in the future, which we refer to here as memory. Here, we summarized several observations made, ideas conceptualized, and mathematical models developed for quantitatively analyzing memory effects in repetitive protein–protein interactions (PPIs). Specifically, we consider how proteins on the cell or in isolation retain information about prior interactions to impact current interactions. The micropipette, biomembrane force probe, and atomic force microscopic techniques were used to repeatedly assay PPIs. The resulting time series were analyzed by a previous and two new models to extract three memory indices of short (seconds), intermediate (minutes), and long (hours) timescales. We found that interactions of cell membrane, but not soluble, T cell receptor (TCR) with peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) exhibits short-term memory that impacts on-rate, but not off-rate of the binding kinetics. Peptide dissociation from MHC resulted in intermediate- and long-term memories in TCR–pMHC interactions. However, we observed no changes in kinetic parameters by repetitive measurements on living cells over intermediate timescales using stable pMHCs. Parameters quantifying memory effects in PPIs could provide additional information regarding biological mechanisms. The methods developed herein also provide tools for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Rosado
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Hyun-Kyu Choi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Samuel M. Ehrlich
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Fengzhi Jin
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Arash Grakoui
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Brian D. Evavold
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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23
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Jing Y, Kong Y, Allard D, Liu B, Kolawole E, Sprouse M, Evavold B, Bettini M, Bettini M. Increased TCR signaling in regulatory T cells is disengaged from TCR affinity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.523999. [PMID: 36711832 PMCID: PMC9882247 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.523999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are capable suppressors of aberrant self-reactivity. However, TCR affinity and specificities that support Treg function, and how these compare to autoimmune T cells remain unresolved. In this study, we used antigen agnostic and epitope-focused analyses to compare TCR repertoires of regulatory and effector T cells that spontaneously infiltrate pancreatic islets of non-obese diabetic mice. We show that effector and regulatory T cell-derived TCRs possess similar wide-ranging reactivity for self-antigen. Treg-derived TCRs varied in their capacity to confer optimal protective function, and Treg suppressive capacity was in part determined by effector TCR affinity. Interestingly, when expressing the same TCR, Tregs showed higher Nur77-GFP expression than Teffs, suggesting Treg-intrinsic ability to compete for antigen. Our findings provide a new insight into TCR-dependent and independent mechanisms that regulate Treg function and indicate a TCR-intrinsic insufficiency in tissue-specific Tregs that may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
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24
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Spatial Profile of Tumor Microenvironment in PD-L1-Negative and PD-L1-Positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021433. [PMID: 36674951 PMCID: PMC9862087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of finding more precise stratification criteria for identifying the cohort of patients who would obtain the maximum benefit from immunotherapy is acute in modern times. In our study were enrolled 18 triple-negative breast cancer patients. The Ventana SP142 test was used for PD-L1 detection. Spatial transcriptomic analysis by 10x Genomics was used to compare PD-L1-positive and PD-L1-negative tumors. The seven-color multiplex immunofluorescence (by Akoya) was used for the detection of the type of cells that carried the PD1 receptor and the PD-L1 ligand. Using pathway analysis, we showed that PD-L1-positive tumors demonstrate signatures of a cell response to cytokines, among others, and PD-L1-negative tumors demonstrate signatures of antigen presentation. PD-L1-positive and PD-L1-negative tumors have different tumor microenvironment (TME) compositions according to CIBERSORT analysis. Multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed the prevalence of PD1-negative M2 macrophages and PD1-negative T lymphocytes in PD-L1-positive tumors. PD-L1-positive tumors are not characterized by direct contact between cells carrying the PD1 receptor and the PD-L1 ligand. So, the absence of specific immune reactions against the tumor, predominance of pro-tumor microenvironment, and rare contact between PDL1 and PD1-positive cells may be the potential reasons for the lack of an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) effect in triple-negative breast cancer patients.
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25
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Yang C, Suda T. Revisiting PD-1 to target leukaemic stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:17-19. [PMID: 36624185 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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26
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Cheng CC, Ho AS, Peng CL, Chang J, Sie ZL, Wang CL, Chen YL, Chen CY. Sorafenib suppresses radioresistance and synergizes radiotherapy-mediated CD8 + T cell activation to eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109110. [PMID: 36037651 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is applied to eradicate tumors in the clinic. However, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits resistance against RT. It is demonstrated that RT directly inhibits tumor growth but which induces type I interferons (IFNs) expression to phosphorylate STATs and increase STATs-downstream PD-L1 levels in the survival tumor cells. Since sorafenib is capable of suppressing STATs, we, therefore, hypothesize that sorafenib suppresses IFNs-mediated radioresistance and PD-L1 in the residual tumor cells and may synergistically enhance RT-mediated reactivation of CD8+ T immunological activity to eradicate HCC cells. We found that combined RT, sorafenib, and PBMCs significantly suppress the colony formation in the HCC cells, whereas CD8+ T cells expressed high granzyme B (GZMB) and perforin (PRF1) in co-cultured with RT-treated HCC cells. We demonstrated RT significantly inhibited HCC cell viability but induced IFNα and IL-6 expression in the RT-treated HCC cells, resulting in immune checkpoint PD-L1 and anti-apoptosis MCL1 and BCL2 overexpression in the non-RT HCC cells. We found that sorafenib decreased RT-PLC5 medium (RT-PLC5-m)-mediated cell growth by suppressing IFNα- and IL-6-mediated STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation. Sorafenib also reduced IFNα-mediated PD-L1 levels in HCC cells. Meanwhile, RT-PLC5-m reactivated CD8+ T cells and non-CD8+ PBMCs, resulting in high IFNγ and IL-2 levels in CD8+ T cells, and cytokines IFNα, IFNγ, IL-2, and IL-6 in non-CD8+ PBMCs. Particularly, CD8+ T cells expressed higher GZMB and PRF1 and non-CD8+ PBMCs expressed higher IFNα, IFNγ, IL-2, IL-6, CXCL9, and CXCL10 in co-cultured with RT-treated HCC cells compared to parental cells. Although we demonstrated that sorafenib slightly inhibited RT-mediated GZMB and PRF1 expression in CD8+ T cells, and cytokines levels in non-CD8+ PBMCs. Based on sorafenib significantly suppressed IFNα- and IL-6-mediated radioresistance and PD-L1 expression, we demonstrated that sorafenib synergized RT and immune surveillance for suppressing PLC5 cell viability in vitro. In conclusion, this study revealed that RT induced IFNα and IL-6 expression to phosphorylate STAT1 and STAT3 by autocrine and paracrine effect, leading to radioresistance and PD-L1 overexpression in HCC cells. Sorafenib not only suppressed IFNα- and IL-6-mediated PLC5 cell growth but also inhibited IFNα-mediated PD-L1 expression, synergistically enhancing RT-mediated CD8+ T cell reactivation against HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chia Cheng
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Sheng Ho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan.
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Zong-Lin Sie
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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27
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Immune Checkpoint Proteins, Metabolism and Adhesion Molecules: Overlooked Determinants of CAR T-Cell Migration? Cells 2022; 11:cells11111854. [PMID: 35681548 PMCID: PMC9180731 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has demonstrated striking efficacy for the treatment of several hematological malignancies, including B-cell lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. However, many patients still do not respond to this therapy or eventually relapse after an initial remission. In most solid tumors for which CAR T-cell therapy has been tested, efficacy has been very limited. In this context, it is of paramount importance to understand the mechanisms of tumor resistance to CAR T cells. Possible factors contributing to such resistance have been identified, including inherent CAR T-cell dysfunction, the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and tumor-intrinsic factors. To control tumor growth, CAR T cells have to migrate actively enabling a productive conjugate with their targets. To date, many cells and factors contained within the tumor microenvironment have been reported to negatively control the migration of T cells and their ability to reach cancer cells. Recent evidence suggests that additional determinants, such as immune checkpoint proteins, cellular metabolism, and adhesion molecules, may modulate the motility of CAR T cells in tumors. Here, we review the potential impact of these determinants on CAR T-cell motility, and we discuss possible strategies to restore intratumoral T-cell migration with a special emphasis on approaches targeting these determinants.
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28
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Watson VE, Faniel ML, Kamili NA, Krueger LD, Zhu C. Immune-mediated alopecias and their mechanobiological aspects. Cells Dev 2022; 170:203793. [PMID: 35649504 PMCID: PMC10681075 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2022.203793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia is a non-specific term for hair loss clinically diagnosed by the hair loss pattern and histological analysis of patient scalp biopsies. The immune-mediated alopecia subtypes, including alopecia areata, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, are common, significant forms of alopecia subtypes. For example, alopecia areata is the most common autoimmune disease with a lifetime incidence of approximately 2% of the world's population. In this perspective, we discuss major results from studies of immune-mediated alopecia subtypes. These studies suggest the key event in disease onset as the collapse in immune privilege, which alters the hair follicle microenvironment, e.g., upregulation of major histocompatibility complex molecules and increase of cytokine production, and results in immune cell infiltration, inflammatory responses, and damage of hair follicles. We note that previous studies have established that the hair follicle has a complex mechanical microenvironment, which may regulate the function of not only tissue cells but also immune cell infiltrates. This suggests a potential for mechanobiology to contribute to alopecia research by adding new methods, new approaches, and new ways of thinking, which is missing in the existing literature. To fill this a gap in the alopecia research space, we develop a mechanobiological hypothesis that alterations in the hair follicle microenvironment, specifically in the mechanically responsive tissues and cells, partially due to loss of immune privilege, may be contributors to disease pathology. We further focus our discussion on the potential for applying mechanoimmunology to the study of T cell infiltrates in the hair follicle, as they are considered primary contributors to alopecia pathology. To establish the connection between the mechanoimmunological hypothesis and immune-mediated alopecia subtypes, we discuss what is known about the role of T cells in immune-mediated alopecia subtypes, using the most extensively studied AA as our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencia E Watson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA; Bioengineering PhD Program, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Makala L Faniel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA; Bioengineering PhD Program, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Loren D Krueger
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA; Bioengineering PhD Program, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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29
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Le Biannic R, Magnez R, Klupsch F, Leleu-Chavain N, Thiroux B, Tardy M, El Bouazzati H, Dezitter X, Renault N, Vergoten G, Bailly C, Quesnel B, Thuru X, Millet R. Pyrazolones as inhibitors of immune checkpoint blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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Yi M, Zheng X, Niu M, Zhu S, Ge H, Wu K. Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:28. [PMID: 35062949 PMCID: PMC8780712 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 219.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 rescue T cells from exhausted status and revive immune response against cancer cells. Based on the immense success in clinical trials, ten α-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, sintilimab, camrelizumab, toripalimab, tislelizumab, zimberelimab, prolgolimab, and dostarlimab) and three α-PD-L1 antibodies (atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab) have been approved for various types of cancers. Nevertheless, the low response rate of α-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy remains to be resolved. For most cancer patients, PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is not the sole speed-limiting factor of antitumor immunity, and it is insufficient to motivate effective antitumor immune response by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 axis. It has been validated that some combination therapies, including α-PD-1/PD-L1 plus chemotherapy, radiotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, targeted therapy, other immune checkpoint inhibitors, agonists of the co-stimulatory molecule, stimulator of interferon genes agonists, fecal microbiota transplantation, epigenetic modulators, or metabolic modulators, have superior antitumor efficacies and higher response rates. Moreover, bifunctional or bispecific antibodies containing α-PD-1/PD-L1 moiety also elicited more potent antitumor activity. These combination strategies simultaneously boost multiple processes in cancer-immunity cycle, remove immunosuppressive brakes, and orchestrate an immunosupportive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarized the synergistic antitumor efficacies and mechanisms of α-PD-1/PD-L1 in combination with other therapies. Moreover, we focused on the advances of α-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunomodulatory strategies in clinical studies. Given the heterogeneity across patients and cancer types, individualized combination selection could improve the effects of α-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunomodulatory strategies and relieve treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Hong Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
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31
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Van Braeckel-Budimir N, Dolina JS, Wei J, Wang X, Chen SH, Santiago P, Tu G, Micci L, Al-Khami AA, Pfister S, Ram S, Sundar P, Thomas G, Long H, Yang W, Potluri S, Salek-Ardakani S. Combinatorial immunotherapy induces tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells with distinct functional, migratory, and stem-like properties. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003614. [PMID: 34903555 PMCID: PMC8672007 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed death (ligand) 1 (PD-(L)1) blockade and OX40/4-1BB costimulation have been separately evaluated in the clinic to elicit potent antitumor T cell responses. The precise mechanisms underlying single agent activity are incompletely understood. It also remains unclear if combining individual therapies leads to synergism, elicits novel immune mechanisms, or invokes additive effects. Methods We performed high-dimensional flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing-based immunoprofiling of murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from hosts bearing B16 or MC38 syngeneic tumors. This baseline infiltrate was compared to TILs after treatment with either anti-PD-(L)1, anti-OX40, or anti-4-1BB as single agents or as double and triple combinatorial therapies. Fingolimod treatment and CXCR3 blockade were used to evaluate the contribution of intratumoral versus peripheral CD8+ T cells to therapeutic efficacy. Results We identified CD8+ T cell subtypes with distinct functional and migratory signatures highly predictive of tumor rejection upon treatment with single agent versus combination therapies. Rather than reinvigorating terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells, OX40/4-1BB agonism expanded a stem-like PD-1loKLRG-1+Ki-67+CD8+ T cell subpopulation, which PD-(L)1 blockade alone did not. However, PD-(L)1 blockade synergized with OX40/4-1BB costimulation by dramatically enhancing stem-like TIL presence via a CXCR3-dependent mechanism. Conclusions Our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the interplay between components of combinatorial immunotherapy, where agonism of select costimulatory pathways seeds a pool of stem-like CD8+ T cells more responsive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Wei
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Computational Biology, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shih-Hsun Chen
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Pamela Santiago
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Guanghuan Tu
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Luca Micci
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Amir A Al-Khami
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sophia Pfister
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sripad Ram
- Global Pathology, Drug Safety Reserach and Development, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Purnima Sundar
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Graham Thomas
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hua Long
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Computational Biology, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shobha Potluri
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
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Munhoz J, Thomé R, Rostami A, Ishikawa LLW, Verinaud L, Rapôso C. The SNX-482 peptide from Hysterocrates gigas spider acts as an immunomodulatory molecule activating macrophages. Peptides 2021; 146:170648. [PMID: 34537257 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are molecules that have emerged as crucial candidates for the development of anticancer drugs. Spider venoms are a rich source of peptides (venom peptides - VPs) with biological effects. VPs have been tested as adjuvants in the activation of cells of the immune system with the aim of improving immunotherapies for the treatment of neoplasms. In the present study, the effects of SNX-482, a peptide from the African tarantula Hysterocrates gigas, on macrophages were described. The results showed that the peptide activated M0-macrophages, increasing costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD68, CD80, CD83, CD86) involved in antigen presentation, and also augmenting the checkpoint molecules PD-L1, CTLA-4 and FAS-L; these effects were not concentration-dependent. SNX-482 also increased the release of IL-23 and upregulated the expression of ccr4, ifn-g, gzmb and pdcd1, genes important for the anticancer response. The pretreatment of macrophages with the peptide did not interfere in the modulation of T cells, and macrophages previously polarized to M1 and M2 profile did not respond to SNX-482. These findings represent the expansion of knowledge about the use of VPs in drug discovery, pointing to a potential new candidate for anticancer immunotherapy. Considering that most immunotherapies target the adaptive system, the modulation of macrophages (an innate immune cell) by SNX-482 is especially relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Munhoz
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Thomé
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Liana Verinaud
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Catarina Rapôso
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Brazil.
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Zhou F, Zhang F, Zarnitsyna VI, Doudy L, Yuan Z, Li K, McEver RP, Lu H, Zhu C. The kinetics of E-selectin- and P-selectin-induced intermediate activation of integrin αLβ2 on neutrophils. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271954. [PMID: 34435628 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Selectins and integrins are key players in the adhesion and signaling cascade that recruits leukocytes to inflamed tissues. Selectin binding induces β2 integrin binding to slow leukocyte rolling. Here, a micropipette was used to characterize neutrophil adhesion to E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) at room temperature. The time-dependent adhesion frequency displayed two-stage kinetics, with an E-selectin-mediated fast increase to a low plateau followed by a slow increase to a high plateau mediated by intermediate-affinity binding of integrin αLβ2 to ICAM-1. The αLβ2 activation required more than 5 s contact to E-selectin and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activity. A multi-zone channel was used to analyze αLβ2 activation by P-selectin in separate zones of receptors or antibodies, finding an inverse relationship between the rolling velocity on ICAM-1 and P-selectin dose, and a P-selectin dose-dependent change from bent to extended conformations with a closed headpiece that was faster at 37°C than at room temperature. Activation of αLβ2 exhibited different levels of cooperativity and persistent times depending on the strength and duration of selectin stimulation. These results define the precise timing and kinetics of intermediate activation of αLβ2 by E- and P-selectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhou
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Fang Zhang
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Veronika I Zarnitsyna
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Larissa Doudy
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Kaitao Li
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
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Liu X, Yan W, Nie Z, Liang Y, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Song Y, Zhang X. Longitudinal magnetization superoscillation enabled by high-order azimuthally polarized Laguerre-Gaussian vortex modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:26137-26149. [PMID: 34614926 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present an all-optical scheme for the generation of longitudinal magnetization superoscillation based on the vectorial diffraction theory and the inverse Faraday effect. To achieve this, an azimuthally polarized high-order Laguerre-Gaussian vortex mode is firstly focused by a high numerical aperture (NA) objective and then impinges on an isotropic magneto-optical material. It is found that, by judiciously controlling the intrinsic arguments (radial mode index (p) and truncation parameter (β)) of such a configurable vectorial vortex beam, the longitudinal magnetic domain induced in the focal plane can be switched from a peak sub-wavelength magnetization (> 0.36λ/NA), via the fastest Fourier magnetization component (∼0.36λ/NA), to a super-oscillation magnetization hotspot (< 0.36λ/NA). We further examine the dependence of the transverse size, the side lobe, and the energy conversion efficiency within the focal magnetization domain on both the p and β of the initial vortex modes, confirming that the higher-order structured vortex beams are preferable alternatives to trigger robust longitudinal magnetization superoscillation. In addition, the underlying mechanisms behind the well-defined magnetization phenomena are unveiled. The ultra-small-scale longitudinal magnetization demonstrated here may hold massive potential applications in high-density all-optical magnetic recording/storage, super-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, atom trapping and spintronics.
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