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Torre J, Cimavilla-Román P, Cuadra-Rodríguez D, Rodríguez-Pérez MÁ, Guttmann P, Werner S, Pinto J, Barroso-Solares S. Unveiling the Inner Structure of Micrometric Hollow Polymeric Fibers Using Synchrotron X-Ray Nanotomography. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:14-26. [PMID: 38214892 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel application of synchrotron X-ray nanotomography based on high-resolution full-field transmission X-ray microscopy for characterizing the structure and morphology of micrometric hollow polymeric fibers is presented. By employing postimage analysis using an open-source software such as Tomviz and ImageJ, various key parameters in fiber morphology, including diameter, wall thickness, wall thickness distribution, pore size, porosity, and surface roughness, were assessed. Electrospun polycaprolactone fibers with micrometric diameters and submicrometric features with induced porosity via gas dissolution foaming were used to this aim. The acquired synchrotron X-ray nanotomography data were analyzed using two approaches: 3D tomographic reconstruction and 2D radiographic projection-based analysis. The results of the combination of both approaches demonstrate unique capabilities of this technique, not achievable by other available techniques, allowing for a full characterization of the internal and external morphology and structure of the fibers as well as to obtain valuable qualitative insights into the overall fiber structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Torre
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
- BioEcoUVA Research Institute on Bioeconomy, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, 47011, Spain
- Study, Preservation, and Recovery of Archaeological, Historical and Environmental Heritage (AHMAT) Research Group, Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
| | - Paula Cimavilla-Román
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
| | - Daniel Cuadra-Rodríguez
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
- Study, Preservation, and Recovery of Archaeological, Historical and Environmental Heritage (AHMAT) Research Group, Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
- BioEcoUVA Research Institute on Bioeconomy, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, 47011, Spain
| | - Peter Guttmann
- Department of X-Ray Microscopy, Electron Storage Ring at BESSY II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße, 12489, 15, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Werner
- Department of X-Ray Microscopy, Electron Storage Ring at BESSY II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße, 12489, 15, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javier Pinto
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
- BioEcoUVA Research Institute on Bioeconomy, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, 47011, Spain
- Study, Preservation, and Recovery of Archaeological, Historical and Environmental Heritage (AHMAT) Research Group, Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
| | - Suset Barroso-Solares
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
- BioEcoUVA Research Institute on Bioeconomy, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, 47011, Spain
- Study, Preservation, and Recovery of Archaeological, Historical and Environmental Heritage (AHMAT) Research Group, Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
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2
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Shrestha P, LaManna JM, Fahy KF, Kim P, Lee C, Lee JK, Baltic E, Jacobson DL, Hussey DS, Bazylak A. Simultaneous multimaterial operando tomography of electrochemical devices. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8634. [PMID: 37939178 PMCID: PMC10631724 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The performance of electrochemical energy devices, such as fuel cells and batteries, is dictated by intricate physiochemical processes within. To better understand and rationally engineer these processes, we need robust operando characterization tools that detect and distinguish multiple interacting components/interfaces in high contrast. Here, we uniquely combine dual-modality tomography (simultaneous neutron and x-ray tomography) and advanced image processing (iterative reconstruction and metal artifact reduction) for high-contrast multimaterial imaging, with signal and contrast enhancements of up to 10 and 48 times, respectively, compared to conventional single-modality imaging. Targeted development and application of these methods to electrochemical devices allow us to resolve operando distributions of six interacting fuel cell components (including void space) with the highest reported pairwise contrast for simultaneous yet decoupled spatiotemporal characterization of component morphology and hydration. Such high-contrast tomography ushers in key gold standards for operando electrochemical characterization, with broader applicability to numerous multimaterial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Shrestha
- Bazylak Group, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob M. LaManna
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kieran F. Fahy
- Bazylak Group, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal Kim
- Bazylak Group, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - ChungHyuk Lee
- Bazylak Group, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason K. Lee
- Bazylak Group, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elias Baltic
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - David L. Jacobson
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S. Hussey
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Aimy Bazylak
- Bazylak Group, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Wu H, Chen X, Kong L, Liu P. Mechanical and Biological Properties of Titanium and Its Alloys for Oral Implant with Preparation Techniques: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6860. [PMID: 37959457 PMCID: PMC10649385 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental implants have revolutionised restorative dentistry, offering patients a natural-looking and durable solution to replace missing or severely damaged teeth. Titanium and its alloys have emerged as the gold standard among the various materials available due to their exceptional properties. One of the critical advantages of titanium and its alloys is their remarkable biocompatibility which ensures minimal adverse reactions within the human body. Furthermore, they exhibit outstanding corrosion resistance ensuring the longevity of the implant. Their mechanical properties, including hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and fatigue strength, align perfectly with the demanding requirements of dental implants, guaranteeing the restoration's functionality and durability. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the manufacturing techniques employed for titanium and its alloy dental implants while shedding light on their intrinsic properties. It also presents crucial proof-of-concept examples, offering tangible evidence of these materials' effectiveness in clinical applications. However, despite their numerous advantages, certain limitations still exist necessitating ongoing research and development efforts. This review will briefly touch upon these restrictions and explore the evolving trends likely to shape the future of titanium and its alloy dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ping Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (H.W.); (X.C.); (L.K.)
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4
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Chen-Wiegart YCK. Synchrotron X-ray Nano-tomography and Multimodal Analysis on Metal - Molten Salt Interactions. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1504. [PMID: 37613686 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States
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5
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Fayfar S, Zheng G, Sprouster D, Marshall MSJ, Stavitski E, Leshchev D, Khaykovich B. In-Situ Analysis of Corrosion Products in Molten Salt: X-ray Absorption Reveals Both Ionic and Metallic Species. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24673-24679. [PMID: 37457454 PMCID: PMC10339427 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the chemical processes between molten salts and alloys is vital for the safe operation of molten-salt nuclear reactors. Corrosion processes in molten salts are highly dependent on the redox potential of the solution that changes with the presence of fission and corrosion processes, and as such, reactor designers develop electrochemical methods to monitor the salt. However, electrochemical techniques rely on the deconvolution of broad peaks, a process that may be imprecise in the presence of multiple species that emerge during reactor operation. Here, we describe in situ measurements of the concentration and chemical state of corrosion products in molten FLiNaK (eutectic mixture of LiF-NaK-KF) by high-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy. We placed a NiCr foil in molten FLiNaK and found the presence of both Ni2+ ions and metallic Ni in the melt, which we attribute to the foil disintegration due to Cr dealloying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Fayfar
- Nuclear
Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Guiqiu Zheng
- Nuclear
Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Sprouster
- Nuclear
Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11784, United States
| | | | - Eli Stavitski
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Denis Leshchev
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Boris Khaykovich
- Nuclear
Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Liu X, Bawane K, Zheng X, Ge M, Halstenberg P, Maltsev DS, Ivanov AS, Dai S, Xiao X, Lee WK, He L, Chen-Wiegart YCK. Temperature-Dependent Morphological Evolution during Corrosion of the Ni-20Cr Alloy in Molten Salt Revealed by Multiscale Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13772-13782. [PMID: 36877214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms leading to the degradation of alloys in molten salts at elevated temperatures is significant for developing several key energy generation and storage technologies, including concentrated solar and next-generation nuclear power plants. Specifically, the fundamental mechanisms of different types of corrosion leading to various morphological evolution characteristics for changing reaction conditions between the molten salt and alloy remain unclear. In this work, the three-dimensional (3D) morphological evolution of Ni-20Cr in KCl-MgCl2 is studied at 600 °C by combining in situ synchrotron X-ray and electron microscopy techniques. By further comparing different morphology evolution characteristics in the temperature range of 500-800 °C, the relative rates between diffusion and reaction at the salt-metal interface lead to different morphological evolution pathways, including intergranular corrosion and percolation dealloying. In this work, the temperature-dependent mechanisms of the interactions between metals and molten salts are discussed, providing insights for predicting molten salt corrosion in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Kaustubh Bawane
- Advanced Characterization Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Xiaoyin Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Mingyuan Ge
- National Synchrotron Light Source - II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Phillip Halstenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Dmitry S Maltsev
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Alexander S Ivanov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- National Synchrotron Light Source - II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Wah-Keat Lee
- National Synchrotron Light Source - II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lingfeng He
- Advanced Characterization Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yu-Chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- National Synchrotron Light Source - II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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7
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Zhang Z, Bi X, Li P, Zhang C, Yang Y, Liu Y, Chen G, Dong Y, Liu G, Zhang Y. Automatic synchrotron tomographic alignment schemes based on genetic algorithms and human-in-the-loop software. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:169-178. [PMID: 36601935 PMCID: PMC9814067 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522011067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tomography imaging methods at synchrotron light sources keep evolving, pushing multi-modal characterization capabilities at high spatial and temporal resolutions. To achieve this goal, small probe size and multi-dimensional scanning schemes are utilized more often in the beamlines, leading to rising complexities and challenges in the experimental setup process. To avoid spending a significant amount of human effort and beam time on aligning the X-ray probe, sample and detector for data acquisition, most attention has been drawn to realigning the systems at the data processing stages. However, post-processing cannot correct everything, and is not time efficient. Here we present automatic alignment schemes of the rotational axis and sample pre- and during the data acquisition process using a software approach which combines the advantages of genetic algorithms and human intelligence. Our approach shows excellent sub-pixel alignment efficiency for both tasks in a short time, and therefore holds great potential for application in the data acquisition systems of future scanning tomography experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Bi
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gongfa Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Alshahrie A, Arkook B, Al-Ghamdi W, Eldera S, Alzaidi T, Bamashmus H, Shalaan E. Electrochemical Performance and Hydrogen Storage of Ni-Pd-P-B Glassy Alloy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4310. [PMID: 36500933 PMCID: PMC9740777 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The search for hydrogen storage materials is a challenging task. In this work, we tried to test metallic glass-based pseudocapacitive material for electrochemical hydrogen storage potential. An alloy ingot with an atomic composition of Ni60Pd20P16B4 was prepared via arc melting of extremely pure elements in an Ar environment. A ribbon sample with a width of 2 mm and a thickness of 20 mm was produced via melt spinning of the prepared ingot. Electrochemical dealloying of the ribbon sample was conducted in 1 M H2SO4 to prepare a nanoporous glassy alloy. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Langmuir methods were implemented to obtain the total surface area of the nanoporous glassy alloy ribbon. The obtained values were 6.486 m2/g and 15.082 m2/g, respectively. The Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) method was used to calculate pore radius and pore volume; those values were 1.07 nm and 0.09 cm3/g, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry of the dealloyed samples revealed the pseudocapacitive nature of this alloy. Impedance of the dealloying sample was measured at different frequencies through use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A Cole-Cole plot established a semicircle with a radius of ~6 Ω at higher frequency, indicating low interfacial charge-transfer resistance, and an almost vertical Warburg slope at lower frequency, indicating fast diffusion of ions to the electrode surface. Charge-discharge experiments were performed at different constant currents (75, 100, 125, 150, and 200 mA/g) under a cutoff potential of 2.25 V vs. Ag/AgCl electrode in a 1 M KOH solution. The calculated maximum storage capacity was 950 mAh/g. High-rate dischargeability (HRD) and capacity retention (Sn) for the dealloyed glassy alloy ribbon sample were evaluated. The calculated capacity retention rate at the 40th cycle was 97%, which reveals high stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alshahrie
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassim Arkook
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wafaa Al-Ghamdi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Eldera
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Thuraya Alzaidi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Bamashmus
- College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology (UBT), Jeddah 23847, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Shalaan
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Evolution of micro-pores in Ni–Cr alloys via molten salt dealloying. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20785. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPorous materials with high specific surface area, high porosity, and high electrical conductivity are promising materials for functional applications, including catalysis, sensing, and energy storage. Molten salt dealloying was recently demonstrated in microwires as an alternative method to fabricate porous structures. The method takes advantage of the selective dissolution process introduced by impurities often observed in molten salt corrosion. This work further investigates molten salt dealloying in bulk Ni–20Cr alloy in both KCl–MgCl2 and KCl–NaCl salts at 700 ℃, using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as synchrotron X-ray nano-tomography. Micro-sized pores with irregular shapes and sizes ranging from sub-micron to several microns and ligaments formed during the process, while the molten salt dealloying was found to progress several microns into the bulk materials within 1–16 h, a relatively short reaction time, enhancing the practicality of using the method for synthesis. The ligament size increased from ~ 0.7 μm to ~ 1.3 μm in KCl–MgCl2 from 1 to 16 h due to coarsening, while remaining ~ 0.4 μm in KCl–NaCl during 16 h of exposure. The XRD analysis shows that the corrosion occurred primarily near the surface of the bulk sample, and Cr2O3 was identified as a corrosion product when the reaction was conducted in an air environment (controlled amount sealed in capillaries); thus surface oxides are likely to slow the morphological coarsening rate by hindering the surface diffusion in the dealloyed structure. 3D-connected pores and grain boundary corrosion were visualized by synchrotron X-ray nano-tomography. This study provides insights into the morphological and chemical evolution of molten salt dealloying in bulk materials, with a connection to molten salt corrosion concerns in the design of next-generation nuclear and solar energy power plants.
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Niauzorau S, Sharstniou A, Sampath VK, Kublik N, Bandarenka H, Azeredo B. Electroless Dealloying of Thin-Film Nanocrystalline Au-Ag Alloys: Mechanisms of Ligament Nucleation and Sources of Its Synthesis Variability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17927-17939. [PMID: 35394272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Control of ligament size in nanoporous gold through process inputs in chemical dealloying holds the potential to exploit its size dependent properties in applications in energy and biomedicine. While its morphology evolution is regulated by the kinetics of coarsening, recent studies are focused on the early stage of dealloying (e.g., ∼ 5-42 at. % in residual alloy content) to understand mechanisms of ligament nucleation and its role in altering process-structure relationships. This paper examines this stage in chemical dealloying of nanocrystalline Au49Ag51 thin films and finds that ligaments are nucleated uniformly through its thickness due to the dealloying front rapidly propagating through the thickness of the film. Further, through the establishment of process-structure relationships with large data sets (i.e., 80 samples), this paper quantifies sources of variability that alter the kinetics of ligament growth such as aging of the precursor (e.g., grain growth) and solution evaporation. It is found that ligament diameter is better predicted by the residual silver content rather than by the dealloying time even amidst both effects and independent control of ligament diameter and solid area fraction is demonstrated within a limited window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislau Niauzorau
- Arizona State University - The Polytechnic School -6075 S. Innovation Way West, Meza Arizona 85212, United States
| | - Aliaksandr Sharstniou
- Arizona State University - The Polytechnic School -6075 S. Innovation Way West, Meza Arizona 85212, United States
| | - Venkata Krishnan Sampath
- Arizona State University - The Polytechnic School -6075 S. Innovation Way West, Meza Arizona 85212, United States
| | - Natalya Kublik
- Arizona State University - The Polytechnic School -6075 S. Innovation Way West, Meza Arizona 85212, United States
| | - Hanna Bandarenka
- Applied Plasmonics Laboratory, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6, P. Brovki str., 220013, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Bruno Azeredo
- Arizona State University - The Polytechnic School -6075 S. Innovation Way West, Meza Arizona 85212, United States
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11
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Jiao H, Qu Z, Jiao S, Gao Y, Li S, Song WL, Chen H, Zhu H, Zhu R, Fang D. A 4D x-ray computer microtomography for high-temperature electrochemistry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5678. [PMID: 35138887 PMCID: PMC8827660 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature electrochemistry is widely used in many fields. However, real-time observations and an in-depth understanding of the inside evolution of this system from an experimental perspective remain limited because of harsh reaction conditions and multiphysics fields. Here, we tackled this challenge with a high-temperature electrolysis facility developed in-house. This facility permits in situ x-ray computer microtomography (μ-CT) for nondestructive and quantitative three-dimensional (3D) imaging. In an electrorefining system, the μ-CT probed the dynamic evolution of 3D morphology and components of electrodes (4D). Subsequently, this 4D process was visually presented via reconstructed images. The results monitor the efficiency of the process, explore the dynamic mechanisms, and even offer real-time optimization. This 4D analysis platform is notable for in-depth combinations of traditional electrochemistry with digital twin technologies owing to its multiscale visualization and high efficiency of data extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handong Jiao
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zhaoliang Qu
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shuqiang Jiao
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shijie Li
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Wei-Li Song
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Haosen Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hongmin Zhu
- Tohoku University, 6-6-02, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aobo-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Rongqi Zhu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Daining Fang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Jiao H, Qu Z, Jiao S, Gao Y, Li S, Song W, Wang M, Chen H, Fang D. Quantificational 4D Visualization of Industrial Electrodeposition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101373. [PMID: 34708941 PMCID: PMC8693065 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrodeposition is a fundamental technology in modern society and has been widely used in metal plating and extraction, etc. However, extreme reaction conditions, including wide operation temperature ranges and corrosive media (molten salt/oxide systems as a particular example), inhibit direct in situ observation of the electrodeposition process. To visualize the electrode kinetics in such "black box," X-ray tomography is employed to monitor the electrochemical processes and three-dimensional (3D) evolution of morphology. Benefiting from the excellent penetration of X-ray, a non-destructive and non-contact in situ four-dimensional (4D) visualization of Ti deposition is realized. Real-time 3D reconstructed images reveal that the counterintuitive nucleation and growth process of a mesoscale Ti dendrite at both solid and liquid cathodes. According to 3D morphology evolution, unusual mechanism based on synergetic effect of the diffusion of metallic Ti and local field enhancement is achieved utilizing a simulation method based on a finite element method. This approach allows for timely and accurately regulating the electrodeposition process upon in situ monitored parameters. More importantly, the 4D technique upon operando X-ray tomography and numerical simulation can be easily applied to other electrodeposition systems, which will help deeply understand the internal kinetics and the precise optimization of the electrodeposition conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handong Jiao
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Zhaoliang Qu
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Shuqiang Jiao
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced MetallurgyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced MetallurgyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Shijie Li
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Li Song
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced MetallurgyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Haosen Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Daining Fang
- Institute of Advanced Structure TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
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