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Sung SH, Hovden R. The Structure of Charge Density Waves in TaS2 across Temperature and Dimensionality. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1694. [PMID: 37613922 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert Hovden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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2
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Schnitzer N, Powers G, Goodge BH, Bianco E, Baggari IE, Kourkoutis LF. Atomic-Resolution Imaging of Phase Transitions in Strongly Correlated Oxides with Continuously Variable Temperature Cryo-STEM. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1688-1690. [PMID: 37613771 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noah Schnitzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Powers
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
| | - Berit H Goodge
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
- Present Address: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ismail El Baggari
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
- Present Address: Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
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Colletta M, Chang R, El Baggari I, Kourkoutis LF. Imaging of Chemical Structure from Low-signal-to-noise EELS Enabled by Diffusion Mapping. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:394-396. [PMID: 37613070 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Colletta
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ray Chang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Goodge BH, El Baggari I, Hong SS, Wang Z, Schlom DG, Hwang HY, Kourkoutis LF. Disentangling Coexisting Structural Order Through Phase Lock-In Analysis of Atomic-Resolution STEM Data. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-8. [PMID: 35190012 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a real-space technique, atomic-resolution STEM imaging contains both amplitude and geometric phase information about structural order in materials, with the latter encoding important information about local variations and heterogeneities present in crystalline lattices. Such phase information can be extracted using geometric phase analysis (GPA), a method which has generally focused on spatially mapping elastic strain. Here we demonstrate an alternative phase demodulation technique and its application to reveal complex structural phenomena in correlated quantum materials. As with other methods of image phase analysis, the phase lock-in approach can be implemented to extract detailed information about structural order and disorder, including dislocations and compound defects in crystals. Extending the application of this phase analysis to Fourier components that encode periodic modulations of the crystalline lattice, such as superlattice or secondary frequency peaks, we extract the behavior of multiple distinct order parameters within the same image, yielding insights into not only the crystalline heterogeneity but also subtle emergent order parameters such as antipolar displacements. When applied to atomic-resolution images spanning large (~0.5 × 0.5 μm2) fields of view, this approach enables vivid visualizations of the spatial interplay between various structural orders in novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit H Goodge
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | | | - Seung Sae Hong
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025, USA
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
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Mun J, Peng W, Roh CJ, Lee S, Matsumura S, Lee JS, Noh TW, Kim M. In Situ Cryogenic HAADF-STEM Observation of Spontaneous Transition of Ferroelectric Polarization Domain Structures at Low Temperatures. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8679-8686. [PMID: 34644077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Precise determination of atomic structures in ferroelectric thin films and their evolution with temperature is crucial for fundamental study and design of functional materials. However, this has been impeded by the lack of techniques applicable to a thin-film geometry. Here we use cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to observe the atomic structure of a BaTiO3 film on a (111)-SrTiO3 substrate under varying temperatures. Our study explicitly proves a structure transition from a complex polymorphic nanodomain configuration at room temperature transitioning to a homogeneous ground-state rhombohedral structure of BaTiO3 below ∼250 K, which was predicted by phase-field simulation. More importantly, another unexpected transition is revealed, a transition to complex nanodomains below ∼105 K caused by an altered mechanical boundary condition due to the antiferrodistortive phase transition of the SrTiO3 substrate. This study demonstrates the power of cryogenic STEM in elucidating structure-property relationships in numerous functional materials at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsik Mun
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Peng
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jae Roh
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Syo Matsumura
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Noh
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Bianco E, Kourkoutis LF. Atomic-Resolution Cryogenic Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy for Quantum Materials. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3277-3287. [PMID: 34415721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe rich physics permeating the phase diagrams of quantum materials have commanded the attention of the solid-state chemistry, materials science, and condensed-matter physics communities, sparking immense research into quantum phase transitions including superconducting, ferroic, and charge-order transitions. Many of these transitions occur at low temperatures and involve electronic, magnetic, or lattice order, which emerges on the atomic to mesoscopic scales. The complex interplay of these states and the heterogeneity that arises due to competition and intertwining of phases, however, is not fully understood and requires probes that capture ordering over multiple length scales down to the local atomic symmetries. Advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) have enabled atomic-resolution imaging as well as mapping of functional picometer-scale atomic displacements inside materials. In this Account, we discuss our group's work to expand the reach of atomic-resolution STEM to cryogenic temperatures (cryo-STEM) to study quantum materials with focus on charge-ordered systems.Charge-ordered phases, in which electrons as well as the atomic lattice form periodic patterns that lift the translational symmetries of the crystal, are not only intertwined with superconductivity but also underlie other exotic electronic phenomena such as colossal magnetoresistance and metal-insulator transitions. The periodic lattice distortions (PLDs) modulate the positions of the crystal's nuclei, which can be readily probed by electron microscopy. In a set of examples, we demonstrate cryo-STEM as a powerful technique for probing local order, nanometer-scale heterogeneities, and topological defects in charge-ordered manganites and in transition metal dichalcogenide charge density wave (CDW) systems.With the nearly commensurate-to-commensurate CDW transition upon cooling in 1T-TaS2, we show that nanoscale lattice textures in CDW phases can be revealed through direct imaging. These early atomic-resolution results, however, also highlighted the need for improvements in cryo-STEM imaging, which led to a push to advance data collection and analysis for direct spatial mapping and quantification of PLDs. By introducing an image registration algorithm developed specifically to accommodate fast, low signal-to-noise image acquisitions of crystalline lattices, we address previous limitations due to sample drift in cryo-STEM experiments. This has enabled subangstrom cryo-STEM imaging with sufficient signal-to-noise to reveal the low temperature structure of 1T'-TaTe2. Furthermore, it allows mapping and quantification of PLD atomic displacements in the charge-ordered manganites Bi0.35Sr0.18Ca0.47MnO3 and Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 with picometer precision at ∼95 K to resolve not only distinct ordered phases (i.e., site- and bond-centered charge order) but also their nanoscale coexistence within the same sample.Atomic-resolution cryo-STEM opens new opportunities for understanding the microscopic underpinnings of quantum phases. In this Account, we focus on spatial mapping of lattice degrees of freedom in phases that are present at temperatures down to liquid nitrogen. Further advances in instrumentation are needed to expand the temperature range and to also enable atomic-resolution measurements that rely on weaker signals such as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for probing of electronic structure or 4D-STEM approaches to map electric and magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bianco
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lena F. Kourkoutis
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Hart JL, Cha JJ. Seeing Quantum Materials with Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5449-5452. [PMID: 34159783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James L Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Judy J Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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