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Zhang Z, Leng BL, Zhang SN, Xu D, Li QY, Lin X, Chen JS, Li XH. Electrocatalytic Aromatic Alcohols Splitting to Aldehydes and H 2 Gas. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:27179-27185. [PMID: 39298293 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Selective electrocatalytic transformation of alcohols to aldehydes offers an efficient and environmentally friendly platform for the simultaneous production of fine chemicals and pure hydrogen gas. However, traditional alcohol oxidation reactions (AORs) in aqueous electrolyte unavoidably face competitive reactions (e.g., water oxidation and overoxidations reactions) for the presence of active oxygen species from water oxidation, causing an unwanted decrease in final efficiency and selectivity. Here, we developed an integrated all-solid proton generator-transfer electrolyzer to trigger the pure alcohol splitting reaction (ASR). In this splitting process, only O-H and C-H bonds can be cleaved at the proton generator (Pt nanoparticles), thereby completely avoiding all competitive reactions involving oxygen active species to give a > 99% selectivity to aldehydes. The as-generated protons are transported to the cathode by a three-dimensional (3D) conducting network (assemblies of ionomers and carbon spheres) for efficient hydrogen production. Unlike the poor selectivity (<22%) and durability (<3 h) of a conventional AOR electrolyzer, this ASR electrolyzer could be continuously operated at a low cell voltage of 1.2 V for at least 10 days to give a high Faradaic efficiency of 80-93% for aldehyde production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformation Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Bing-Liang Leng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformation Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shi-Nan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformation Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Dong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformation Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Qi-Yuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformation Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xiu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformation Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformation Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xin-Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformation Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Kim T, Kim Y, Wuttig A. Interfacial Science for Electrosynthesis. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2024; 47:101569. [PMID: 39092135 PMCID: PMC11290363 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2024.101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial science and electroorganic syntheses are inextricably linked because all electrochemical reactions occur at the interface between the electrode and the solution. Thus, the surface chemistry of the electrode material impacts the organic reaction selectivity. In this short review, we highlight emergent examples of electrode surface chemistries that enable selective electroorganic synthesis in three reaction classes: (1) hydrogenation, (2) oxidation, and (3) reductive C‒C bond formation between two electrophiles. We showcase the breadth of techniques, including materials and in-situ characterization, requisite to establish mechanistic schemes consistent with the observed reactivity patterns. Leveraging an electrode's unique surface chemistry will provide complementary approaches to tune the selectivity of electroorganic syntheses and unlock an electrode's catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taemin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - YeJi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Anna Wuttig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
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3
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Leng BL, Lin X, Chen JS, Li XH. Electrocatalytic water-to-oxygenates conversion: redox-mediated versus direct oxygen transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7523-7534. [PMID: 38957004 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxygenation of hydrocarbons with high selectivity has attracted much attention for its advantages in the sustainable and controllable production of oxygenated compounds with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Especially when utilizing water as an oxygen source, by constructing a water-to-oxygenates conversion system at the anode, the environment and/or energy costs of producing oxygenated compounds and hydrogen energy can be significantly reduced. There is a broad consensus that the generation and transformation of oxygen species are among the decisive factors determining the overall efficiency of oxygenation reactions. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate the oxygen transfer process to suggest more efficient strategies for electrocatalytic oxygenation. Herein, we introduce oxygen transfer routes through redox-mediated pathways or direct oxygen transfer methods. Especially for the scarcely investigated direct oxygen transfer at the anode, we aim to detail the strategies of catalyst design targeting the efficient oxygen transfer process including activation of organic substrate, generation/adsorption of oxygen species, and transformation of oxygen species for oxygenated compounds. Based on these examples, the significance of balancing the generation and transformation of oxygen species, tuning the states of organic substrates and intermediates, and accelerating electron transfer for organic activation for direct oxygen transfer has been elucidated. Moreover, greener organic synthesis routes through heteroatom transfer and molecular fragment transfer are anticipated beyond oxygen transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Liang Leng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Xiu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
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Fei J, Zhang D, Wang T, Shi Y, Zhu J, Zhan T, Tian M, Lai J, Wang L. Precise Interstitial Built-In Electric Field Tuning for Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 38012066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The built-in electric field (BEF) has become an effective means of adjusting the electronic structure and hydrogen spillover to influence the adsorption of intermediates. However, the previously reported BEF cannot be tuned continuously and precisely. Herein, a series of nanocatalysts with interstitial BEF were successfully synthesized, and the effect of precisely tuned interstitial BEF on the intermediate's adsorption and hydrogen spillover was systematically investigated using changing the insertion of interstitial B. Three catalysts with different BEF strengths were obtained by changing the interstitial content (B0.22-Cu/NC, B0.30-Cu/NC, B0.41-Cu/NC), and it was demonstrated that B0.30-Cu/NC gave the best catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs). The turnover frequency (TOF) value is shown to reach 0.36 s-1 at just -0.1 V vs. RHE, which is about 3 times that of Cu (0.12 s-1). For the HER, it is one of the best Cu-based catalysts reported to date (Table S3). Besides, when the catalyst was applied to the cathode of the PEM water electrolyzer, B0.30-Cu/NC exhibited long-time stability at a water-splitting current density of 500 mA cm-2. Density functional theory and in situ Raman spectroscopy suggest that a suitable interstitial BEF can not only optimize the intermediate's adsorption but also promote hydrogen spillover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yue Shi
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tianrong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Minge Tian
- Jining Economic Development Zone, Scientific Green (Shandong) Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Jining 272113, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Lai
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, P. R. China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, P. R. China
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5
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Bandyopadhyay M, Bhadra S, Pathak S, Menon AM, Chopra D, Patra S, Escorihuela J, De S, Ganguly D, Bhadra S, Bera MK. An Atom-Economic Method for 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives via Oxidative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Harnessing the Power of Electrochemical Oxidation and Click Chemistry. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15772-15782. [PMID: 37924324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical method was developed to accomplish the reagentless synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted triazole derivatives employing secondary propargyl alcohol as C-3 synthon and sodium azide as cycloaddition counterpart. The reaction was conducted at room temperature in an undivided cell with a constant current using a pencil graphite (C) anode and stainless-steel cathode in a MeCN solvent system. The proposed reaction mechanism was convincingly established by carrying out a series of control experiments and further supported by electrochemical and density functional theory (DFT) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayan Bhadra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Swastik Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Anila M Menon
- Department of Chemistry, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Snehangshu Patra
- Sustainable Hydrogen for Valuable Applications (SHYVA), 23 Allee Gilbert Becaud, 34470 Perols, France
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Souradeep De
- School of Advanced Materials, Green Energy and Sensor Systems, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabani Ganguly
- Centre for Health Science and Technology (CHeST), JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research Kolkata, Saltlake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Bhadra
- Centre for Health Science and Technology (CHeST), JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research Kolkata, Saltlake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Mrinal K Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
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Tan L, Kong X, Liu M, Su H, Guo H, Li CJ. Palladium nanoparticles on gallium nitride as a Mott-Schottky catalyst for efficient and durable photoactivation of unactivated alkanes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11761-11767. [PMID: 37920336 PMCID: PMC10619641 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct functionalization of inert C-H bonds has long been a "holy grail" for the chemistry world. In this report, the direct C(sp3)-N bond formation of unactivated alkanes is reported with a GaN based Mott-Schottky catalyst under photocatalytic reaction conditions. Long term stability and reaction efficiency (up to 92%) were achieved with this photocatalyst. The deposition of a Pd co-catalyst on the surface of GaN significantly enhanced the reaction efficiency. Microscopic investigation suggested a remarkable interaction in the Pd/GaN Schottky junction, giving a significant Pd/GaN depletion layer. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to show the distinct performance of Pd nanoparticles at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Tan
- Department of Chemistry, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Xianghua Kong
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Avenue Nanshan District Shenzhen 518061 Guangdong China
- Department of Physics, McGill University Rutherford Building 3600 University Montreal QC H3A 2T8 Canada
| | - Mingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University 222 Tianshui South Road Chengguan District Lanzhou 730000 Gansu China
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Chemistry, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Physics, McGill University Rutherford Building 3600 University Montreal QC H3A 2T8 Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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7
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Ni S, Qu H, Xu Z, Zhu X, Chen L, Xing H, Wu X, Liu H, Yang L. Regulating the Spin State of Metal and Metal Carbide Heterojunctions for Efficient Oxygen Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37466139 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of importance for improving the overall efficiency of water splitting. Herein, the CoFe/(CoxFe1-x)3Mo3C heterojunction is purposely designed as an OER catalyst, which displays a low overpotential of 293 mV for affording a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a small Tafel slope of 48 mV/dec. Various characterization results demonstrate that the significant work-function difference between CoFe and (CoxFe1-x)3Mo3C can induce interfacial charge redistribution, which results in the formation of Co and Fe sites with a high-spin state, thus stimulating the surface phase reconstruction of CoFe/(CoxFe1-x)3Mo3C to corresponding active oxyhydroxide. Meanwhile, the electrochemical leaching of Mo ions from the initial structure can contribute to the formation of defective sites, further benefiting OH- adsorption and surface oxidation. Moreover, the remaining CoFe can accelerate electron migration during the electrocatalytic process. This study presents new insights into constructing efficient OER electrocatalysts with an optimized spin-state configuration via interfacial engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongnan Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zihao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liyan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huifang Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huizhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Liangrong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266061, China
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8
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Wang K, Xia GJ, Liu T, Yun Y, Wang W, Cao K, Yao F, Zhao X, Yu B, Wang YG, Jin C, He J, Li Y, Yang F. Anisotropic Growth of One-Dimensional Carbides in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Strong Interaction for Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37154477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten and molybdenum carbides have shown great potential in catalysis and superconductivity. However, the synthesis of ultrathin W/Mo carbides with a controlled dimension and unique structure is still difficult. Here, inspired by the host-guest assembly strategy with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a transparent template, we reported the synthesis of ultrathin (0.8-2.0 nm) W2C and Mo2C nanowires confined in SWCNTs deriving from the encapsulated W/Mo polyoxometalate clusters. The atom-resolved electron microscope combined with spectroscopy and theoretical calculations revealed that the strong interaction between the highly carbophilic W/Mo and SWCNT resulted in the anisotropic growth of carbide nanowires along a specific crystal direction, accompanied by lattice strain and electron donation to the SWCNTs. The SWCNT template endowed carbides with resistance to H2O corrosion. Different from normal modification on the outer surface of SWCNTs, such M2C@SWCNTs (M = W, Mo) provided a delocalized and electron-enriched SWCNT surface to uniformly construct the negatively charged Pd catalyst, which was demonstrated to inhibit the formation of active PdHx hydride and thus achieve highly selective semihydrogenation of a series of alkynes. This work could provide a nondestructive way to design the electron-delocalized SWCNT surface and expand the methodology in synthesizing unusual 1D ultrathin carbophilic-metal nanowires (e.g., TaC, NbC, β-W) with precise control of the anisotropy in SWCNT arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guang-Jie Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yulong Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kecheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fenfa Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Boyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiaqing He
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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9
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Holt E, Wang M, Harry SA, He C, Wang Y, Henriquez N, Xiang MR, Zhu A, Ghorbani F, Lectka T. An Electrochemical Approach to Directed Fluorination. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2557-2560. [PMID: 36702475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis has made a revival in the field of organic chemistry and, in particular, radical-mediated reactions. Herein, we report a simple directed, electrochemical C-H fluorination method. Employing a dabconium mediator, commercially available Selectfluor, and RVC electrodes, we provide a range of steroid-based substrates with competent regioselective directing groups, including enones, ketones, and hydroxy groups, as well as never reported before lactams, imides, lactones, and esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Holt
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Muyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Stefan Andrew Harry
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chengkun He
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Yuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Nicolas Henriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Michael Richard Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Andrea Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Fereshte Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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10
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Xu D, Zhang SN, Chen JS, Li XH. Design of the Synergistic Rectifying Interfaces in Mott-Schottky Catalysts. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1-30. [PMID: 36342422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The functions of interfacial synergy in heterojunction catalysts are diverse and powerful, providing a route to solve many difficulties in energy conversion and organic synthesis. Among heterojunction-based catalysts, the Mott-Schottky catalysts composed of a metal-semiconductor heterojunction with predictable and designable interfacial synergy are rising stars of next-generation catalysts. We review the concept of Mott-Schottky catalysts and discuss their applications in various realms of catalysis. In particular, the design of a Mott-Schottky catalyst provides a feasible strategy to boost energy conversion and chemical synthesis processes, even allowing realization of novel catalytic functions such as enhanced redox activity, Lewis acid-base pairs, and electron donor-acceptor couples for dealing with the current problems in catalysis for energy conversion and storage. This review focuses on the synthesis, assembly, and characterization of Schottky heterojunctions for photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and organic synthesis. The proposed design principles, including the importance of constructing stable and clean interfaces, tuning work function differences, and preparing exposable interfacial structures for designing electronic interfaces, will provide a reference for the development of all heterojunction-type catalysts, electrodes, energy conversion/storage devices, and even super absorbers, which are currently topics of interest in fields such as electrocatalysis, fuel cells, CO2 reduction, and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Nan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
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11
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Lin X, Zhou Z, Li Q, Xu D, Xia S, Leng B, Zhai G, Zhang S, Sun L, Zhao G, Chen J, Li X. Direct Oxygen Transfer from H
2
O to Cyclooctene over Electron‐Rich RuO
2
Nanocrystals for Epoxidation and Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207108. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Qi‐Yuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Dong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Si‐Yuan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Bing‐Liang Leng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Yao Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Nan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Lu‐Han Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability Tongji University Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Jie‐Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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12
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Recent advances in organic electrosynthesis using heterogeneous catalysts modified electrodes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Zhao X, Zhu X, Wang K, Lv J, Chen S, Yao G, Lang J, Lv F, Pu Y, Yang R, Zhang B, Jiang Z, Wan Y. Palladium catalyzed radical relay for the oxidative cross-coupling of quinolines. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4180. [PMID: 35853877 PMCID: PMC9296488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional approaches for transition-metal catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reactions rely on sp2-hybridized starting materials, such as aryl halides, and more specifically, homogeneous catalysts. We report a heterogeneous Pd-catalyzed radical relay method for the conversion of a heteroarene C(sp3)–H bond into ethers. Pd nanoparticles are supported on an ordered mesoporous composite which, when compared with microporous activated carbons, greatly increases the Pd d charge because of their strong interaction with N-doped anatase nanocrystals. Mechanistic studies provide evidence that electron-deficient Pd with Pd–O/N coordinations efficiently catalyzes the radical relay reaction to release diffusible methoxyl radicals, and highlight the difference between this surface reaction and C–H oxidation mediated by homogeneous catalysts that operate with cyclopalladated intermediates. The reactions proceed efficiently with a turn-over frequency of 84 h−1 and high selectivity toward ethers of >99%. Negligible Pd leaching and activity loss are observed after 7 catalytic runs. Traditional approaches for transition-metal catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reactions rely on sp2-hybridized starting materials. Here the authors report a heterogeneous Pd-catalyzed radical relay method for the conversion of a heteroarene C(sp3)–H bond into ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhao
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junqian Lv
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shangjun Chen
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Yao
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Lang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fei Lv
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Pu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ruoou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P. R. China.
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang National Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Wan
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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14
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Lin X, Zhou Z, Li QY, Xu D, Xia SY, Leng BL, Zhai GY, Zhang SN, Sun LH, Zhao G, Chen JS, Li XH. Direct Oxygen Transfer from H2O to Cyclooctene over Electron‐Rich RuO2 Nanocrystals for Epoxidation and Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Lin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 上海市闵行区上海交通大学建工楼513 200240 上海市 CHINA
| | - Zhaoyu Zhou
- Tongji University School of Chemical Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Qi-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Dong Xu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Si-Yuan Xia
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Bing-Liang Leng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Guang-Yao Zhai
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Shi-Nan Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Lu-Han Sun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Tongji University School of Chemical Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xin-Hao Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering No.800 Dongchuan Road 200240 Shanghai CHINA
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15
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Bajada MA, Sanjosé-Orduna J, Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G, Noël T, Vilé G. Interfacing single-atom catalysis with continuous-flow organic electrosynthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3898-3925. [PMID: 35481480 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The global warming crisis has sparked a series of environmentally cautious trends in chemistry, allowing us to rethink the way we conduct our synthesis, and to incorporate more earth-abundant materials in our catalyst design. "Single-atom catalysis" has recently appeared on the catalytic spectrum, and has truly merged the benefits that homogeneous and heterogeneous analogues have to offer. Further still, the possibility to activate these catalysts by means of a suitable electric potential could pave the way for a true integration of diverse synthetic methodologies and renewable electricity. Despite their esteemed benefits, single-atom electrocatalysts are still limited to the energy sector (hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction, etc.) and numerous examples in the literature still invoke the use of precious metals (Pd, Pt, Ir, etc.). Additionally, batch electroreactors are employed, which limit the intensification of such processes. It is of paramount importance that the field continues to grow in a more sustainable direction, seeking new ventures into the space of organic electrosynthesis and flow electroreactor technologies. In this piece, we discuss some of the progress being made with earth abundant homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysts and flow electrochemistry, within the context of organic electrosynthesis, and highlight the prospects of alternatively utilizing single-atom catalysts for such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bajada
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Jesús Sanjosé-Orduna
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gianvito Vilé
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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16
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Xu D, Lin X, Li QY, Zhang SN, Xia SY, Zhai GY, Chen JS, Li XH. Boosting Mass Exchange between Pd/NC and MoC/NC Dual Junctions via Electron Exchange for Cascade CO 2 Fixation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5418-5423. [PMID: 35230846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Merging existing catalysts together as a cascade catalyst may achieve "one-pot" synthesis of complex but functional molecules by simplifying multistep reactions, which is the blueprint of sustainable chemistry with low pollutant emission and consumption of energy and materials only when the smooth mass exchange between different catalysts is ensured. Effective strategies to facilitate the mass exchange between different active centers, which may dominate the final activity of various cascade catalysts, have not been reached until now, even though charged interfaces due to work function driven electron exchange have been widely observed. Here, we successfully constructed mass (reactants and intermediates) exchange paths between Pd/N-doped carbon and MoC/N-doped carbon induced by interfacial electron exchange to trigger the mild and cascade methylation of amines using CO2 and H2. Theoretical and experimental results have demonstrated that the mass exchange between electron-rich MoC and electron-deficient Pd could prominently improve the production of N,N-dimethyl tertiary amine, which results in a remarkably high turnover frequency value under mild conditions, outperforming the state-of-the-art catalysts in the literature by a factor of 5.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Nan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yuan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yao Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang SN, Gao P, Sun LH, Chen JS, Li XH. Tunable surface electric field of electrode materials via constructing Schottky heterojunctions for selective conversion of trash ions to treasures. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103918. [PMID: 34936146 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Surface electric field of catalyst is widely recognized as one of the key points to boost catalytic activity. However, there is still a lack of convenient ways to tune the surface electric field to selectively boost the catalytically conversions of different types of reactants in specific catalytic reaction. Here, we introduce a concept-new method to tune the surface electric field of electrode materials by adjusting the number and density of heterojunctions inside. Both theoretical and experimental results prove that the well-designed surface electric field of an electrocatalyst plays a key role in facilitating pre-adsorption and/or activation of reactants for selective conversion of trash ions to useful products in hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction and NO x - reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Nan Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China, 200240, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Peng Gao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China, 200240, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Lu-Han Sun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China, 200240, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China, 200240, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Xin-Hao Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, No.800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, CHINA
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