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Todorov Y, Dhillon S, Mangeney J. THz quantum gap: exploring potential approaches for generating and detecting non-classical states of THz light. NANOPHOTONICS 2024; 13:1681-1691. [PMID: 38681681 PMCID: PMC11052537 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, THz technology has made considerable progress, evidenced by the performance of current THz sources and detectors, as well as the emergence of several THz applications. However, in the realm of quantum technologies, the THz spectral domain is still in its infancy, unlike neighboring spectral domains that have flourished in recent years. Notably, in the microwave domain, superconducting qubits currently serve as the core of quantum computers, while quantum cryptography protocols have been successfully demonstrated in the visible and telecommunications domains through satellite links. The THz domain has lagged behind in these impressive advancements. Today, the current gap in the THz domain clearly concerns quantum technologies. Nonetheless, the emergence of quantum technologies operating at THz frequencies will potentially have a significant impact. Indeed, THz radiation holds significant promise for wireless communications with ultimate security owing to its low sensitivity to atmospheric disturbances. Moreover, it has the potential to raise the operating temperature of solid-state qubits, effectively addressing existing scalability issues. In addition, THz radiation can manipulate the quantum states of molecules, which are recognized as new platforms for quantum computation and simulation with long range interactions. Finally, its ability to penetrate generally opaque materials or its resistance to Rayleigh scattering are very appealing features for quantum sensing. In this perspective, we will discuss potential approaches that offer exciting prospects for generating and detecting non-classical states of THz light, thereby opening doors to significant breakthroughs in THz quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanko Todorov
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sukhdeep Dhillon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Mangeney
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Mornhinweg J, Diebel L, Halbhuber M, Riepl J, Cortese E, De Liberato S, Bougeard D, Huber R, Lange C. Sculpting ultrastrong light-matter coupling through spatial matter structuring. NANOPHOTONICS 2024; 13:1909-1915. [PMID: 38681678 PMCID: PMC11052535 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The central theme of cavity quantum electrodynamics is the coupling of a single optical mode with a single matter excitation, leading to a doublet of cavity polaritons which govern the optical properties of the coupled structure. Especially in the ultrastrong coupling regime, where the ratio of the vacuum Rabi frequency and the quasi-resonant carrier frequency of light, ΩR/ω c, approaches unity, the polariton doublet bridges a large spectral bandwidth 2ΩR, and further interactions with off-resonant light and matter modes may occur. The resulting multi-mode coupling has recently attracted attention owing to the additional degrees of freedom for designing light-matter coupled resonances, despite added complexity. Here, we experimentally implement a novel strategy to sculpt ultrastrong multi-mode coupling by tailoring the spatial overlap of multiple modes of planar metallic THz resonators and the cyclotron resonances of Landau-quantized two-dimensional electrons, on subwavelength scales. We show that similarly to the selection rules of classical optics, this allows us to suppress or enhance certain coupling pathways and to control the number of light-matter coupled modes, their octave-spanning frequency spectra, and their response to magnetic tuning. This offers novel pathways for controlling dissipation, tailoring quantum light sources, nonlinearities, correlations as well as entanglement in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mornhinweg
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44227Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laura Diebel
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maike Halbhuber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040Regensburg, Germany
| | - Josef Riepl
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erika Cortese
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simone De Liberato
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- IFN – Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, I-20133Milan, Italy
| | - Dominique Bougeard
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44227Dortmund, Germany
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Mornhinweg J, Diebel LK, Halbhuber M, Prager M, Riepl J, Inzenhofer T, Bougeard D, Huber R, Lange C. Mode-multiplexing deep-strong light-matter coupling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1847. [PMID: 38418459 PMCID: PMC10901777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dressing electronic quantum states with virtual photons creates exotic effects ranging from vacuum-field modified transport to polaritonic chemistry, and squeezing or entanglement of modes. The established paradigm of cavity quantum electrodynamics maximizes the light-matter coupling strengthΩ R / ω c , defined as the ratio of the vacuum Rabi frequency and the frequency of light, by resonant interactions. Yet, the finite oscillator strength of a single electronic excitation sets a natural limit toΩ R / ω c . Here, we enter a regime of record-strong light-matter interaction which exploits the cooperative dipole moments of multiple, highly non-resonant magnetoplasmon modes tailored by our metasurface. This creates an ultrabroadband spectrum of 20 polaritons spanning 6 optical octaves, calculated vacuum ground state populations exceeding 1 virtual excitation quantum, and coupling strengths equivalent toΩ R / ω c = 3.19 . The extreme interaction drives strongly subcycle energy exchange between multiple bosonic vacuum modes akin to high-order nonlinearities, and entangles previously orthogonal electronic excitations solely via vacuum fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mornhinweg
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Maike Halbhuber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Prager
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Josef Riepl
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Inzenhofer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Bougeard
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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Kuroyama K, Kwoen J, Arakawa Y, Hirakawa K. Coherent Interaction of a Few-Electron Quantum Dot with a Terahertz Optical Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:066901. [PMID: 38394566 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.066901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
We have investigated light-matter hybrid excitations in a quantum dot (QD) THz resonator coupled system. We fabricate a gate-defined QD near a THz split-ring resonator (SRR) by using a AlGaAs/GaAs two-dimensional electron system. By illuminating the system with THz radiation, the QD shows a current change whose spectrum exhibits coherent coupling between the electrons in the QD and the SRR as well as coupling between the two-dimensional electron system and the SRR. The latter coupling enters the ultrastrong coupling regime and the electron excitation in the QD also exhibits coherent coupling with the SRR with the remarkably large coupling constant, despite the fact that only a few electrons reside in the QD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kuroyama
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Jinkwan Kwoen
- Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Arakawa
- Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hirakawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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