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Wang Y, Jiang H, Li M, Xu Z, Xu H, Chen Y, Chen K, Zheng W, Lin W, Liu Z, Lin Z, Zhang M. Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system by AAV as vectors for gene therapy. Gene 2024; 927:148733. [PMID: 38945310 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a defective single-stranded DNA virus with the simplest structure reported to date. It constitutes a capsid protein and single-stranded DNA. With its high transduction efficiency, low immunogenicity, and tissue specificity, it is the most widely used and promising gene therapy vector. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic sequence (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing system is an emerging technology that utilizes cas9 nuclease to specifically recognize and cleave target genes under the guidance of small guide RNA and realizes gene editing through homologous directional repair and non-homologous recombination repair. In recent years, an increasing number of animal experiments and clinical studies have revealed the great potential of AAV as a vector to deliver the CRISPR/cas9 system for treating genetic diseases and viral infections. However, the immunogenicity, toxicity, low transmission efficiency in brain and ear tissues, packaging size limitations of AAV, and immunogenicity and off-target effects of Cas9 protein pose several clinical challenges. This research reviews the role, challenges, and countermeasures of the AAV-CRISPR/cas9 system in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibin Jiang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mopu Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zidi Xu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Xu
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kepei Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihong Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Andrysiak K, Ferdek PE, Sanetra AM, Machaj G, Schmidt L, Kraszewska I, Sarad K, Palus-Chramiec K, Lis O, Targosz-Korecka M, Krüger M, Lewandowski MH, Ylla G, Stępniewski J, Dulak J. Upregulation of utrophin improves the phenotype of Duchenne muscular dystrophy hiPSC-derived CMs. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102247. [PMID: 39035791 PMCID: PMC11259739 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic neuromuscular disease. Although it leads to muscle weakness, affected individuals predominantly die from cardiomyopathy, which remains uncurable. Accumulating evidence suggests that an overexpression of utrophin may counteract some of the pathophysiological outcomes of DMD. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of utrophin in dystrophin-deficient human cardiomyocytes (CMs) and to test whether an overexpression of utrophin, implemented via the CRISPR-deadCas9-VP64 system, can improve their phenotype. We used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) lacking either dystrophin (DMD) or both dystrophin and utrophin (DMD KO/UTRN(+/-)). We carried out proteome analysis, which revealed considerable differences in the proteins related to muscle contraction, cell-cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix organization. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of utrophin in maintaining the physiological properties of DMD hiPSC-CMs using atomic force microscopy, patch-clamp, and Ca2+ oscillation analysis. Our results showed higher values of afterhyperpolarization and altered patterns of cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in DMD; the latter was further disturbed in DMD KO/UTRN(+/-) hiPSC-CMs. Utrophin upregulation improved both parameters. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that utrophin maintains the physiological functions of DMD hiPSC-CMs, and that its upregulation can compensate for the loss of dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Andrysiak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł E. Ferdek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna M. Sanetra
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Machaj
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Luisa Schmidt
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Izabela Kraszewska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sarad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Lis
- Department of Physics of Nanostructures and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Targosz-Korecka
- Department of Physics of Nanostructures and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marian H. Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Guillem Ylla
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Stępniewski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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3
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Tong M, Palmer N, Dailamy A, Kumar A, Khaliq H, Han S, Finburgh E, Wing M, Hong C, Xiang Y, Miyasaki K, Portell A, Rainaldi J, Suhardjo A, Nourreddine S, Chew WL, Kwon EJ, Mali P. Robust genome and cell engineering via in vitro and in situ circularized RNAs. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01245-z. [PMID: 39187662 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Circularization can improve RNA persistence, yet simple and scalable approaches to achieve this are lacking. Here we report two methods that facilitate the pursuit of circular RNAs (cRNAs): cRNAs developed via in vitro circularization using group II introns, and cRNAs developed via in-cell circularization by the ubiquitously expressed RtcB protein. We also report simple purification protocols that enable high cRNA yields (40-75%) while maintaining low immune responses. These methods and protocols facilitate a broad range of applications in stem cell engineering as well as robust genome and epigenome targeting via zinc finger proteins and CRISPR-Cas9. Notably, cRNAs bearing the encephalomyocarditis internal ribosome entry enabled robust expression and persistence compared with linear capped RNAs in cardiomyocytes and neurons, which highlights the utility of cRNAs in these non-dividing cells. We also describe genome targeting via deimmunized Cas9 delivered as cRNA and a long-range multiplexed protein engineering methodology for the combinatorial screening of deimmunized protein variants that enables compatibility between persistence of expression and immunogenicity in cRNA-delivered proteins. The cRNA toolset will aid research and the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Palmer
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amir Dailamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hammza Khaliq
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sangwoo Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emma Finburgh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Madeleine Wing
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Camilla Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yichen Xiang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katelyn Miyasaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Portell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Rainaldi
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Suhardjo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sami Nourreddine
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Leong Chew
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ester J Kwon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Prashant Mali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Ge W, Gou S, Zhao X, Jin Q, Zhuang Z, Zhao Y, Liang Y, Ouyang Z, Liu X, Chen F, Shi H, Yan H, Wu H, Lai L, Wang K. In vivo evaluation of guide-free Cas9-induced safety risks in a pig model. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:184. [PMID: 39025833 PMCID: PMC11258294 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has shown great potential for treating human genetic diseases through gene therapy. However, there are concerns about the safety of this system, specifically related to the use of guide-free Cas9. Previous studies have shown that guide-free Cas9 can induce genomic instability in vitro. However, the in vivo safety risks associated with guide-free Cas9 have not been evaluated, which is necessary for the development of gene therapy in clinical settings. In this study, we used doxycycline-inducible Cas9-expressing pigs to evaluate the safety risks of guide-free Cas9 in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that expression of guide-free Cas9 could induce genomic damages and transcriptome changes in vivo. The severity of the genomic damages and transcriptome changes were correlate with the expression levels of Cas9 protein. Moreover, prolonged expression of Cas9 in pigs led to abnormal phenotypes, including a significant decrease in body weight, which may be attributable to genomic damage-induced nutritional absorption and metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we observed an increase in whole-genome and tumor driver gene mutations in pigs with long-term Cas9 expression, raising the risk of tumor occurrence. Our in vivo evaluation of guide-free Cas9 in pigs highlights the necessity of considering and monitoring the detrimental effects of Cas9 alone as genome editing via the CRISPR/Cas9 system is implemented in clinical gene therapy. This research emphasizes the importance of further study and implementation of safety measures to ensure the successful and safe application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikai Ge
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Shixue Gou
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Xiaozhu Zhao
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Jin
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhuang
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yanhui Liang
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Fangbing Chen
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Hui Shi
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Haizhao Yan
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Han Wu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China.
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Liangxue Lai
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Kepin Wang
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Sanya institute of Swine resource, Hainan Provincial Research Center of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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5
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Liang SQ, Navia AW, Ramseier M, Zhou X, Martinez M, Lee C, Zhou C, Wu J, Xie J, Su Q, Wang D, Flotte TR, Anderson DG, Tarantal AF, Shalek AK, Gao G, Xue W. AAV5 Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Mediates Genome Editing in the Lungs of Young Rhesus Monkeys. Hum Gene Ther 2024. [PMID: 38767512 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2024.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome editing has the potential to treat genetic diseases in a variety of tissues, including the lung. We have previously developed and validated a dual adeno-associated virus (AAV) CRISPR platform that supports effective editing in the airways of mice. To validate this delivery vehicle in a large animal model, we have shown that intratracheal instillation of CRISPR/Cas9 in AAV5 can edit a housekeeping gene or a disease-related gene in the lungs of young rhesus monkeys. We observed up to 8% editing of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in lung lobes after single-dose administration. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing revealed that AAV5 transduces multiple cell types in the caudal lung lobes, including alveolar cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and B cells. These results demonstrate that AAV5 is efficient in the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 in the lung lobes of young rhesus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Qing Liang
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew W Navia
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle Ramseier
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuntao Zhou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michele Martinez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Charles Lee
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chen Zhou
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joae Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qin Su
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Terence R Flotte
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alice F Tarantal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Wang J, Gao G, Wang D. Developing AAV-delivered nonsense suppressor tRNAs for neurological disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00391. [PMID: 38959711 PMCID: PMC11269797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy is a clinical stage therapeutic modality for neurological disorders. A common genetic defect in myriad monogenic neurological disorders is nonsense mutations that account for about 11% of all human pathogenic mutations. Stop codon readthrough by suppressor transfer RNA (sup-tRNA) has long been sought as a potential gene therapy approach to target nonsense mutations, but hindered by inefficient in vivo delivery. The rapid advances in AAV delivery technology have not only powered gene therapy development but also enabled in vivo preclinical assessment of a range of nucleic acid therapeutics, such as sup-tRNA. Compared with conventional AAV gene therapy that delivers a transgene to produce therapeutic proteins, AAV-delivered sup-tRNA has several advantages, such as small gene sizes and operating within the endogenous gene expression regulation, which are important considerations for treating some neurological disorders. This review will first examine sup-tRNA designs and delivery by AAV vectors. We will then analyze how AAV-delivered sup-tRNA can potentially address some neurological disorders that are challenging to conventional gene therapy, followed by discussing available mouse models of neurological diseases for in vivo preclinical testing. Potential challenges for AAV-delivered sup-tRNA to achieve therapeutic efficacy and safety will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Dan Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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7
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Liu Y, Xia X, Zheng M, Shi B. Bio-Nano Toolbox for Precision Alzheimer's Disease Gene Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314354. [PMID: 38778446 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most burdensome aging-associated neurodegenerative disorder, and its treatment encounters numerous failures during drug development. Although there are newly approved in-market β-amyloid targeting antibody solutions, pathological heterogeneity among patient populations still challenges the treatment outcome. Emerging advances in gene therapies offer opportunities for more precise personalized medicine; while, major obstacles including the pathological heterogeneity among patient populations, the puzzled mechanism for druggable target development, and the precision delivery of functional therapeutic elements across the blood-brain barrier remain and limit the use of gene therapy for central neuronal diseases. Aiming for "precision delivery" challenges, nanomedicine provides versatile platforms that may overcome the targeted delivery challenges for AD gene therapy. In this perspective, to picture a toolbox for AD gene therapy strategy development, the most recent advances from benchtop to clinics are highlighted, possibly available gene therapy targets, tools, and delivery platforms are outlined, their challenges as well as rational design elements are addressed, and perspectives in this promising research field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Radiotherapy and Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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8
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Hosseini SY, Mallick R, Mäkinen P, Ylä-Herttuala S. Insights into Prime Editing Technology: A Deep Dive into Fundamentals, Potentials, and Challenges. Hum Gene Ther 2024. [PMID: 38832869 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2024.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most versatile and precise gene editing technology, prime editing (PE) can establish a durable cure for most human genetic disorders. Several generations of PE have been developed based on an editor machine or prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) to achieve any kind of genetic correction. However, due to the early stage of development, PE complex elements need to be optimized for more efficient editing. Smart optimization of editor proteins as well as pegRNA has been contemplated by many researchers, but the universal PE machine's current shortcomings remain to be solved. The modification of PE elements, fine-tuning of the host genes, manipulation of epigenetics, and blockage of immune responses could be used to reach more efficient PE. Moreover, the host factors involved in the PE process, such as repair and innate immune system genes, have not been determined, and PE cell context dependency is still poorly understood. Regarding the large size of the PE elements, delivery is a significant challenge and the development of a universal viral or nonviral platform is still far from complete. PE versions with shortened variants of reverse transcriptase are still too large to fit in common viral vectors. Overall, PE faces challenges in optimization for efficiency, high context dependency during the cell cycling, and delivery due to the large size of elements. In addition, immune responses, unpredictability of outcomes, and off-target effects further limit its application, making it essential to address these issues for broader use in nonpersonalized gene editing. Besides, due to the limited number of suitable animal models and computational modeling, the prediction of the PE process remains challenging. In this review, the fundamentals of PE, including generations, potential, optimization, delivery, in vivo barriers, and the future landscape of the technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Younes Hosseini
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Mäkinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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9
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Kodippili K, Hakim CH, Burke MJ, Yue Y, Teixeira JA, Zhang K, Yao G, Babu GJ, Herzog RW, Duan D. SERCA2a overexpression improves muscle function in a canine Duchenne muscular dystrophy model. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101268. [PMID: 38911286 PMCID: PMC11190715 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Excessive cytosolic calcium accumulation contributes to muscle degeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium pump that actively transports calcium from the cytosol into the SR. We previously showed that adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated SERCA2a therapy reduced cytosolic calcium overload and improved muscle and heart function in the murine DMD model. Here, we tested whether AAV SERCA2a therapy could ameliorate muscle disease in the canine DMD model. 7.83 × 1013 vector genome particles of the AAV vector were injected into the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) muscles of four juvenile affected dogs. Contralateral ECU muscles received excipient. Three months later, we observed widespread transgene expression and significantly increased SERCA2a levels in the AAV-injected muscles. Treatment improved SR calcium uptake, significantly reduced calpain activity, significantly improved contractile kinetics, and significantly enhanced resistance to eccentric contraction-induced force loss. Nonetheless, muscle histology was not improved. To evaluate the safety of AAV SERCA2a therapy, we delivered the vector to the ECU muscle of adult normal dogs. We achieved strong transgene expression without altering muscle histology and function. Our results suggest that AAV SERCA2a therapy has the potential to improve muscle performance in a dystrophic large mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Kodippili
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Chady H. Hakim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Matthew J. Burke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yongping Yue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James A. Teixeira
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Keqing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gang Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gopal J. Babu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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10
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Weber JA, Lang JF, Carrell EM, Alameh MG, Davidson BL. Temporal restriction of Cas9 expression improves CRISPR-mediated deletion efficacy and fidelity. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102172. [PMID: 38978694 PMCID: PMC11229411 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Clinical application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for large deletions of somatic mutations is inefficient, and methods to improve utility suffer from our inability to rapidly assess mono- vs. biallelic deletions. Here we establish a model system for investigating allelic heterogeneity at the single-cell level and identify indel scarring from non-simultaneous nuclease activity at gRNA cut sites as a major barrier to CRISPR-del efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. We show that non-simultaneous nuclease activity is partially prevented via restriction of CRISPR-Cas9 expression via inducible adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) or lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Inducible AAV-based expression of CRISPR-del machinery significantly improved mono- and biallelic deletion frequency in vivo, supporting the use of the Xon cassette over traditional constitutively expressing AAV approaches. These data depicting improvements to deletions and insight into allelic heterogeneity after CRISPR-del will inform therapeutic approaches for phenotypes that require either large mono- or biallelic deletions, such as autosomal recessive diseases or where mutant allele-specific gRNAs are not readily available, or in situations where the targeted sequence for excision is located multiple times in a genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Weber
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Biomedical Graduate Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan F Lang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Biomedical Graduate Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellie M Carrell
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beverly L Davidson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Yi H, Yun Y, Choi WH, Hwang HY, Cha JH, Seok H, Song JJ, Lee JH, Lee SY, Kim D. CRISPR-based editing strategies to rectify EYA1 complex genomic rearrangement linked to haploinsufficiency. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102199. [PMID: 38766525 PMCID: PMC11101721 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic structure variations (SVs) are associated with various types of cancer and rare genetic diseases. Recent studies have used Cas9 nuclease with paired guide RNAs (gRNAs) to generate targeted chromosomal rearrangements, focusing on producing fusion proteins that cause cancer, whereas research on precision genome editing for rectifying SVs is limited. In this study, we identified a novel complex genomic rearrangement (CGR), specifically an EYA1 inversion with a deletion, implicated in branchio-oto-renal/branchio-oto syndrome. To address this, two CRISPR-based approaches were tested. First, we used Cas9 nuclease and paired gRNAs tailored to the patient's genome. The dual CRISPR-Cas9 system induced efficient correction of paracentric inversion in patient-derived fibroblast, and effectively restored the expression of EYA1 mRNA and protein, along with its transcriptional activity required to regulate the target gene expression. Additionally, we used CRISPR activation (CRISPRa), which leads to the upregulation of EYA1 mRNA expression in patient-derived fibroblasts. Moreover, CRISPRa significantly improved EYA1 protein expression and transcriptional activity essential for target gene expression. This suggests that CRISPRa-based gene therapies could offer substantial translational potential for approximately 70% of disease-causing EYA1 variants responsible for haploinsufficiency. Our findings demonstrate the potential of CRISPR-guided genome editing for correcting SVs, including those with EYA1 CGR linked to haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwalin Yi
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Yun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Won Hoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyuen Cha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Heeyoung Seok
- Department of Transdisciplinary Research and Collaboration, Genomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesik Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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12
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Jauze L, Vie M, Miagoux Q, Rossiaud L, Vidal P, Montalvo-Romeral V, Saliba H, Jarrige M, Polveche H, Nozi J, Le Brun PR, Bocchialini L, Francois A, Cosette J, Rouillon J, Collaud F, Bordier F, Bertil-Froidevaux E, Georger C, van Wittenberghe L, Miranda A, Daniele NF, Gross DA, Hoch L, Nissan X, Ronzitti G. Synergism of dual AAV gene therapy and rapamycin rescues GSDIII phenotype in muscle and liver. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172614. [PMID: 38753465 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII) is a rare metabolic disorder due to glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) deficiency. Reduced GDE activity leads to pathological glycogen accumulation responsible for impaired hepatic metabolism and muscle weakness. To date, there is no curative treatment for GSDIII. We previously reported that 2 distinct dual AAV vectors encoding for GDE were needed to correct liver and muscle in a GSDIII mouse model. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of rapamycin in combination with AAV gene therapy. Simultaneous treatment with rapamycin and a potentially novel dual AAV vector expressing GDE in the liver and muscle resulted in a synergic effect demonstrated at biochemical and functional levels. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed synergy and suggested a putative mechanism based on the correction of lysosomal impairment. In GSDIII mice livers, dual AAV gene therapy combined with rapamycin reduced the effect of the immune response to AAV observed in this disease model. These data provide proof of concept of an approach exploiting the combination of gene therapy and rapamycin to improve efficacy and safety and to support clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Jauze
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Mallaury Vie
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Quentin Miagoux
- CECS, I-STEM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Lucille Rossiaud
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
- CECS, I-STEM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Patrice Vidal
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Valle Montalvo-Romeral
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Hanadi Saliba
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Margot Jarrige
- CECS, I-STEM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Helene Polveche
- CECS, I-STEM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Justine Nozi
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | | | - Luca Bocchialini
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Amandine Francois
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | | | - Jérémy Rouillon
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Fanny Collaud
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David-Alexandre Gross
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Lucile Hoch
- CECS, I-STEM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Xavier Nissan
- CECS, I-STEM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Giuseppe Ronzitti
- Généthon, Évry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Évry, Inserm, Généthon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
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13
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Riley JS, Luks VL, Berkowitz CL, Dumitru AM, Kus NJ, Dave A, Menon P, De Paepe ME, Jain R, Li L, Dugoff L, Teefey CP, Alameh MG, Zoltick PW, Peranteau WH. Preexisting maternal immunity to AAV but not Cas9 impairs in utero gene editing in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e179848. [PMID: 38950310 PMCID: PMC11178531 DOI: 10.1172/jci179848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In utero gene editing (IUGE) is a potential treatment for inherited diseases that cause pathology before or soon after birth. Preexisting immunity to adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and Cas9 endonuclease may limit postnatal gene editing. The tolerogenic fetal immune system minimizes a fetal immune barrier to IUGE. However, the ability of maternal immunity to limit fetal gene editing remains a question. We investigated whether preexisting maternal immunity to AAV or Cas9 impairs IUGE. Using a combination of fluorescent reporter mice and a murine model of a metabolic liver disease, we demonstrated that maternal anti-AAV IgG antibodies were efficiently transferred from dam to fetus and impaired IUGE in a maternal titer-dependent fashion. By contrast, maternal cellular immunity was inefficiently transferred to the fetus, and neither maternal cellular nor humoral immunity to Cas9 impaired IUGE. Using human umbilical cord and maternal blood samples collected from mid- to late-gestation pregnancies, we demonstrated that maternal-fetal transmission of anti-AAV IgG was inefficient in midgestation compared with term, suggesting that the maternal immune barrier to clinical IUGE would be less relevant at midgestation. These findings support immunologic advantages for IUGE and inform maternal preprocedural testing protocols and exclusion criteria for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Riley
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie L. Luks
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cara L. Berkowitz
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ana Maria Dumitru
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole J. Kus
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Apeksha Dave
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pallavi Menon
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Monique E. De Paepe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Li Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Lorraine Dugoff
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip W. Zoltick
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William H. Peranteau
- Center for Fetal Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment and
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14
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Piñón Hofbauer J, Guttmann-Gruber C, Wally V, Sharma A, Gratz IK, Koller U. Challenges and progress related to gene editing in rare skin diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115294. [PMID: 38527624 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Genodermatoses represent a large group of inherited skin disorders encompassing clinically-heterogeneous conditions that manifest in the skin and other organs. Depending on disease variant, associated clinical manifestations and secondary complications can severely impact patients' quality of life and currently available treatments are transient and not curative. Multiple emerging approaches using CRISPR-based technologies offer promising prospects for therapy. Here, we explore current advances and challenges related to gene editing in rare skin diseases, including different strategies tailored to mutation type and structural organization of the affected gene, considerations for in vivo and ex vivo applications, the critical issue of delivery into the skin, and immune aspects of therapy. Against the backdrop of a landmark FDA approval for the first re-dosable gene replacement therapy for a rare genetic skin disorder, gene editing approaches are inching closer to the clinics and the possibility of a local permanent cure for patients affected by these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Guttmann-Gruber
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anshu Sharma
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Iris K Gratz
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Romanishin A, Vasilev A, Khasanshin E, Evtekhov A, Pusynin E, Rubina K, Kakotkin V, Agapov M, Semina E. Oncolytic viral therapy for gliomas: Advances in the mechanisms and approaches to delivery. Virology 2024; 593:110033. [PMID: 38442508 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Glioma is a diverse category of tumors originating from glial cells encompasses various subtypes, based on the specific type of glial cells involved. The most aggressive is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which stands as the predominant primary malignant tumor within the central nervous system in adults. Despite the application of treatment strategy, the median survival rate for GBM patients still hovers around 15 months. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are artificially engineered viruses designed to selectively target and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. While clinical trials have demonstrated encouraging results with intratumoral OV injections for some cancers, applying this approach to GBM presents unique challenges. Here we elaborate on current trends in oncolytic viral therapy and their delivery methods. We delve into the various methods of delivering OVs for therapy, exploring their respective advantages and disadvantages and discussing how selecting the optimal delivery method can enhance the efficacy of this innovative treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romanishin
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia.
| | - A Vasilev
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia
| | - E Khasanshin
- Kaliningrad Regional Hospital, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia
| | - A Evtekhov
- Kaliningrad Regional Hospital, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia
| | - E Pusynin
- Kaliningrad Regional Hospital, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia
| | - K Rubina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Kakotkin
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia
| | - M Agapov
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Semina
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Kaczmarek R, Miesbach W, Ozelo MC, Chowdary P. Current and emerging gene therapies for haemophilia A and B. Haemophilia 2024; 30 Suppl 3:12-20. [PMID: 38528615 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After decades of stumbling clinical development, the first gene therapies for haemophilia A and B have been commercialized and have normalized factor (F)VIII and factor (F)IX levels in some individuals in the long term. Several other clinical programs testing adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector gene therapy are at various stages of clinical testing. DISCUSSION Multiyear follow-up in phase 1/2 and 3 studies showed long-term and sometimes curative but widely variable and unpredictable efficacy. Liver toxicities, mostly low-grade, occur in the 1st year in at least some individuals in all haemophilia A and B trials and are poorly understood. Wide variability and unpredictability of outcome and slow decline of FVIII levels are a major disadvantage because immune responses to AAV vectors preclude repeat dosing, which otherwise could improve suboptimal or restore declining expression, while overexpression may predispose to thrombosis. Long-term safety outcomes will need lifelong monitoring because AAV vectors infused at high doses integrate into chromosomes at rates that raise questions about potential oncogenicity and necessitate vigilance. Alternative gene transfer systems employing gene editing and/or non-viral vectors are under development and promise to overcome some limitations of the current state of the art for both haemophilia A and B. CONCLUSIONS AAV gene therapies for haemophilia have now become new treatment options but not universal cures. AAV is a powerful but imperfect gene transfer platform. Biobetter FVIII transgenes may help solve some problems plaguing gene therapy for haemophilia A. Addressing variability and unpredictability of efficacy, and delivery of gene therapy to ineligible patient subgroups may require different gene transfer systems, most of which are not ready for clinical translation yet but bring innovations needed to overcome the current limitations of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Wells Centre for Paediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wolfgang Miesbach
- Department of Haemostasis/Haemophilia Centre, Laboratory for Coagulation Disorders, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Margareth C Ozelo
- Hemocentro UNICAMP, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pratima Chowdary
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Boutin J, Genevois C, Couillaud F, Lamrissi-Garcia I, Guyonnet-Duperat V, Bibeyran A, Lalanne M, Amintas S, Moranvillier I, Richard E, Blouin JM, Dabernat S, Moreau-Gaudry F, Bedel A. CRISPR editing to mimic porphyria combined with light: A new preclinical approach for prostate cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200772. [PMID: 38596305 PMCID: PMC10899051 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to its very high genome-editing efficiency, CRISPR-Cas9 technology could be a promising anticancer weapon. Clinical trials using CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease to ex vivo edit and alter immune cells are ongoing. However, to date, this strategy still has not been applied in clinical practice to directly target cancer cells. Targeting a canonical metabolic pathway essential to good functioning of cells without potential escape would represent an attractive strategy. We propose to mimic a genetic metabolic disorder in cancer cells to weaken cancer cells, independent of their genomic abnormalities. Mutations affecting the heme biosynthesis pathway are responsible for porphyria, and most of them are characterized by an accumulation of toxic photoreactive porphyrins. This study aimed to mimic porphyria by using CRISPR-Cas9 to inactivate UROS, leading to porphyrin accumulation in a prostate cancer model. Prostate cancer is the leading cancer in men and has a high mortality rate despite therapeutic progress, with a primary tumor accessible to light. By combining light with gene therapy, we obtained high efficiency in vitro and in vivo, with considerable improvement in the survival of mice. Finally, we achieved the preclinical proof-of-principle of performing cancer CRISPR gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Boutin
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Biochemistry Laboratory, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Coralie Genevois
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Vivoptic Platform INSERM US 005—CNRS UAR 3427-TBM-Core, Bordeaux University, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Franck Couillaud
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Vivoptic Platform INSERM US 005—CNRS UAR 3427-TBM-Core, Bordeaux University, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Lamrissi-Garcia
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Veronique Guyonnet-Duperat
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Vect’UB, Vectorology Platform, INSERM US 005—CNRS UAR 3427-TBM-Core, Bordeaux University, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Bibeyran
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Vect’UB, Vectorology Platform, INSERM US 005—CNRS UAR 3427-TBM-Core, Bordeaux University, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Magalie Lalanne
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Samuel Amintas
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Tumor Biology and Tumor Bank Laboratory, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Moranvillier
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Richard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Biochemistry Laboratory, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Marc Blouin
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Biochemistry Laboratory, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Dabernat
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Biochemistry Laboratory, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Moreau-Gaudry
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Biochemistry Laboratory, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélie Bedel
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Biochemistry Laboratory, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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18
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Kolesnik VV, Nurtdinov RF, Oloruntimehin ES, Karabelsky AV, Malogolovkin AS. Optimization strategies and advances in the research and development of AAV-based gene therapy to deliver large transgenes. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1607. [PMID: 38488469 PMCID: PMC10941601 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based therapies are recognized as one of the most potent next-generation treatments for inherited and genetic diseases. However, several biological and technological aspects of AAV vectors remain a critical issue for their widespread clinical application. Among them, the limited capacity of the AAV genome significantly hinders the development of AAV-based gene therapy. In this context, genetically modified transgenes compatible with AAV are opening up new opportunities for unlimited gene therapies for many genetic disorders. Recent advances in de novo protein design and remodelling are paving the way for new, more efficient and targeted gene therapeutics. Using computational and genetic tools, AAV expression cassette and transgenic DNA can be split, miniaturized, shuffled or created from scratch to mediate efficient gene transfer into targeted cells. In this review, we highlight recent advances in AAV-based gene therapy with a focus on its use in translational research. We summarize recent research and development in gene therapy, with an emphasis on large transgenes (>4.8 kb) and optimizing strategies applied by biomedical companies in the research pipeline. We critically discuss the prospects for AAV-based treatment and some emerging challenges. We anticipate that the continued development of novel computational tools will lead to rapid advances in basic gene therapy research and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria V. Kolesnik
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical ParasitologyTropical and Vector‐Borne Diseases, Sechenov UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Ruslan F. Nurtdinov
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical ParasitologyTropical and Vector‐Borne Diseases, Sechenov UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Ezekiel Sola Oloruntimehin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical ParasitologyTropical and Vector‐Borne Diseases, Sechenov UniversityMoscowRussia
| | | | - Alexander S. Malogolovkin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical ParasitologyTropical and Vector‐Borne Diseases, Sechenov UniversityMoscowRussia
- Center for Translational MedicineSirius University of Science and TechnologySochiRussia
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19
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Pacesa M, Pelea O, Jinek M. Past, present, and future of CRISPR genome editing technologies. Cell 2024; 187:1076-1100. [PMID: 38428389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Genome editing has been a transformative force in the life sciences and human medicine, offering unprecedented opportunities to dissect complex biological processes and treat the underlying causes of many genetic diseases. CRISPR-based technologies, with their remarkable efficiency and easy programmability, stand at the forefront of this revolution. In this Review, we discuss the current state of CRISPR gene editing technologies in both research and therapy, highlighting limitations that constrain them and the technological innovations that have been developed in recent years to address them. Additionally, we examine and summarize the current landscape of gene editing applications in the context of human health and therapeutics. Finally, we outline potential future developments that could shape gene editing technologies and their applications in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pacesa
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oana Pelea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Jinek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Kovalev MA, Davletshin AI, Karpov DS. Engineering Cas9: next generation of genomic editors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:209. [PMID: 38353732 PMCID: PMC10866799 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The Cas9 endonuclease of the CRISPR/Cas type IIA system from Streptococcus pyogenes is the heart of genome editing technology that can be used to treat human genetic and viral diseases. Despite its large size and other drawbacks, S. pyogenes Cas9 remains the most widely used genome editor. A vast amount of research is aimed at improving Cas9 as a promising genetic therapy. Strategies include directed evolution of the Cas9 protein, rational design, and domain swapping. The first generation of Cas9 editors comes directly from the wild-type protein. The next generation is obtained by combining mutations from the first-generation variants, adding new mutations to them, or refining mutations. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances and ways in the creation of next-generation genomic editors derived from S. pyogenes Cas9. KEY POINTS: • The next-generation Cas9-based editors are more active than in the first one. • PAM-relaxed variants of Cas9 are improved by increased specificity and activity. • Less mutagenic and immunogenic variants of Cas9 are created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Kovalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem I Davletshin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Karpov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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21
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Kumar SRP, Biswas M, Cao D, Arisa S, Muñoz-Melero M, Lam AK, Piñeros AR, Kapur R, Kaisho T, Kaufman RJ, Xiao W, Shayakhmetov DM, Terhorst C, de Jong YP, Herzog RW. TLR9-independent CD8 + T cell responses in hepatic AAV gene transfer through IL-1R1-MyD88 signaling. Mol Ther 2024; 32:325-339. [PMID: 38053332 PMCID: PMC10861967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon viral infection of the liver, CD8+ T cell responses may be triggered despite the immune suppressive properties that manifest in this organ. We sought to identify pathways that activate responses to a neoantigen expressed in hepatocytes, using adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer. It was previously established that cooperation between plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which sense AAV genomes by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and conventional DCs promotes cross-priming of capsid-specific CD8+ T cells. Surprisingly, we find local initiation of a CD8+ T cell response against antigen expressed in ∼20% of murine hepatocytes, independent of TLR9 or type I interferons and instead relying on IL-1 receptor 1-MyD88 signaling. Both IL-1α and IL-1β contribute to this response, which can be blunted by IL-1 blockade. Upon AAV administration, IL-1-producing pDCs infiltrate the liver and co-cluster with XCR1+ DCs, CD8+ T cells, and Kupffer cells. Analogous events were observed following coagulation factor VIII gene transfer in hemophilia A mice. Therefore, pDCs have alternative means of promoting anti-viral T cell responses and participate in intrahepatic immune cell networks similar to those that form in lymphoid organs. Combined TLR9 and IL-1 blockade may broadly prevent CD8+ T responses against AAV capsid and transgene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep R P Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Di Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sreevani Arisa
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maite Muñoz-Melero
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anh K Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Samford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dmitry M Shayakhmetov
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ype P de Jong
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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22
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Chuecos MA, Lagor WR. Liver directed adeno-associated viral vectors to treat metabolic disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:22-40. [PMID: 37254440 PMCID: PMC10687323 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the metabolic center of the body and an ideal target for gene therapy of inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors can deliver transgenes to the liver with high efficiency and specificity and a favorable safety profile. Recombinant AAV vectors contain only the transgene cassette, and their payload is converted to non-integrating circular double-stranded DNA episomes, which can provide stable expression from months to years. Insights from cellular studies and preclinical animal models have provided valuable information about AAV capsid serotypes with a high liver tropism. These vectors have been applied successfully in the clinic, particularly in trials for hemophilia, resulting in the first approved liver-directed gene therapy. Lessons from ongoing clinical trials have identified key factors affecting efficacy and safety that were not readily apparent in animal models. Circumventing pre-existing neutralizing antibodies to the AAV capsid, and mitigating adaptive immune responses to transduced cells are critical to achieving therapeutic benefit. Combining the high efficiency of AAV delivery with genome editing is a promising path to achieve more precise control of gene expression. The primary safety concern for liver gene therapy with AAV continues to be the small risk of tumorigenesis from rare vector integrations. Hepatotoxicity is a key consideration in the safety of neuromuscular gene therapies which are applied at substantially higher doses. The current knowledge base and toolkit for AAV is well developed, and poised to correct some of the most severe IMDs with liver-directed gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A. Chuecos
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - William R. Lagor
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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23
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Hosseini SY, Mallick R, Mäkinen P, Ylä-Herttuala S. Navigating the prime editing strategy to treat cardiovascular genetic disorders in transforming heart health. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2024; 22:75-89. [PMID: 38494784 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2024.2328642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After understanding the genetic basis of cardiovascular disorders, the discovery of prime editing (PE), has opened new horizons for finding their cures. PE strategy is the most versatile editing tool to change cardiac genetic background for therapeutic interventions. The optimization of elements, prediction of efficiency, and discovery of the involved genes regulating the process have not been completed. The large size of the cargo and multi-elementary structure makes the in vivo heart delivery challenging. AREAS COVERED Updated from recent published studies, the fundamentals of the PEs, their application in cardiology, potentials, shortcomings, and the future perspectives for the treatment of cardiac-related genetic disorders will be discussed. EXPERT OPINION The ideal PE for the heart should be tissue-specific, regulatable, less immunogenic, high transducing, and safe. However, low efficiency, sup-optimal PE architecture, the large size of required elements, the unclear role of transcriptomics on the process, unpredictable off-target effects, and its context-dependency are subjects that need to be considered. It is also of great importance to see how beneficial or detrimental cell cycle or epigenomic modifier is to bring changes into cardiac cells. The PE delivery is challenging due to the size, multi-component properties of the editors and liver sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Younes Hosseini
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Mäkinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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24
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Pfeiffer LS, Stafforst T. Precision RNA base editing with engineered and endogenous effectors. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1526-1542. [PMID: 37735261 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
RNA base editing refers to the rewriting of genetic information within an intact RNA molecule and serves various functions, such as evasion of the endogenous immune system and regulation of protein function. To achieve this, certain enzymes have been discovered in human cells that catalyze the conversion of one nucleobase into another. This natural process could be exploited to manipulate and recode any base in a target transcript. In contrast to DNA base editing, analogous changes introduced in RNA are not permanent or inheritable but rather allow reversible and doseable effects that appeal to various therapeutic applications. The current practice of RNA base editing involves the deamination of adenosines and cytidines, which are converted to inosines and uridines, respectively. In this Review, we summarize current site-directed RNA base-editing strategies and highlight recent achievements to improve editing efficiency, precision, codon-targeting scope and in vivo delivery into disease-relevant tissues. Besides engineered editing effectors, we focus on strategies to harness endogenous adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes and discuss limitations and future perspectives to apply the tools in basic research and as a therapeutic modality. We expect the field to realize the first RNA base-editing drug soon, likely on a well-defined genetic disease. However, the long-term challenge will be to carve out the sweet spot of the technology where its unique ability is exploited to modulate signaling cues, metabolism or other clinically relevant processes in a safe and doseable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Pfeiffer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stafforst
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Gene and RNA Therapy Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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25
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Duan D. Lethal immunotoxicity in high-dose systemic AAV therapy. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3123-3126. [PMID: 37822079 PMCID: PMC10638066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High-dose systemic gene therapy with adeno-associated virus (AAV) is in clinical trials to treat various inherited diseases. Despite remarkable success in spinal muscular atrophy and promising results in other diseases, fatality has been observed due to liver, kidney, heart, or lung failure. Innate and adaptive immune responses to the vector play a critical role in the toxicity. Host factors also contribute to patient death. This mini-review summarizes clinical findings and calls for concerted efforts from all stakeholders to better understand the mechanisms underlying lethality in AAV gene therapy and to develop effective strategies to prevent/treat high-dose systemic AAV-gene-therapy-induced immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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26
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Kise S, Iijima A, Nagao C, Okada T, Nishikawa M, Ikushiro S, Nakanishi T, Sato S, Yasuda K, Sakaki T. Gene therapy for alopecia in type II rickets model rats using vitamin D receptor-expressing adenovirus vector. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18528. [PMID: 37898650 PMCID: PMC10613246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II rickets is a hereditary disease caused by a mutation in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. The main symptoms of this disease are bone dysplasia and alopecia. Bone dysplasia can be ameliorated by high calcium intake; however, there is no suitable treatment for alopecia. In this study, we verified whether gene therapy using an adenoviral vector (AdV) had a therapeutic effect on alopecia in Vdr-KO rats. The VDR-expressing AdV was injected into six 7-week-old female Vdr-KO rats (VDR-AdV rats). On the other hand, control-AdV was injected into 7-week-old female rats (control-AdV rats); non-infected Vdr-KO rats (control rats) were also examined. The hair on the backs of the rats was shaved with hair clippers, and VDR-AdV or control-AdV was intradermally injected. Part of the back skin was collected from each rat after AdV administration. Hair follicles were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and VDR expression was examined using immunostaining and western blotting. VDR-AdV rats showed significant VDR expression in the skin, enhanced hair growth, and low cyst formation, whereas control-AdV and non-infected rats did not show any of these effects. The effect of VDR-AdV lasted for nearly 60 days. These results indicate that gene therapy using VDR-AdV may be useful to treat alopecia associated with type II rickets, if multiple injections are possible after a sufficient period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Kise
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Ayano Iijima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Chika Nagao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okada
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Okayama Gakuin University, 787 Aruki, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-8511, Japan
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakanishi
- Center of Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeto Sato
- Center of Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan.
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Aerts-Kaya F, van Til NP. Gene and Cellular Therapies for Leukodystrophies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2522. [PMID: 38004502 PMCID: PMC10675548 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a heterogenous group of inherited, degenerative encephalopathies, that if left untreated, are often lethal at an early age. Although some of the leukodystrophies can be treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, not all patients have suitable donors, and new treatment strategies, such as gene therapy, are rapidly being developed. Recent developments in the field of gene therapy for severe combined immune deficiencies, Leber's amaurosis, epidermolysis bullosa, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy, have paved the way for the treatment of leukodystrophies, revealing some of the pitfalls, but overall showing promising results. Gene therapy offers the possibility for overexpression of secretable enzymes that can be released and through uptake, allow cross-correction of affected cells. Here, we discuss some of the leukodystrophies that have demonstrated strong potential for gene therapy interventions, such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), and metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), which have reached clinical application. We further discuss the advantages and disadvantages of ex vivo lentiviral hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy, an approach for targeting microglia-like cells or rendering cross-correction. In addition, we summarize ongoing developments in the field of in vivo administration of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors, which can be used for direct targeting of affected cells, and other recently developed molecular technologies that may be applicable to treating leukodystrophies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Aerts-Kaya
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
- Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Niek P. van Til
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Riedmayr LM, Hinrichsmeyer KS, Thalhammer SB, Mittas DM, Karguth N, Otify DY, Böhm S, Weber VJ, Bartoschek MD, Splith V, Brümmer M, Ferreira R, Boon N, Wögenstein GM, Grimm C, Wijnholds J, Mehlfeld V, Michalakis S, Fenske S, Biel M, Becirovic E. mRNA trans-splicing dual AAV vectors for (epi)genome editing and gene therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6578. [PMID: 37852949 PMCID: PMC10584818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Large genes including several CRISPR-Cas modules like gene activators (CRISPRa) require dual adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for an efficient in vivo delivery and expression. Current dual AAV vector approaches have important limitations, e.g., low reconstitution efficiency, production of alien proteins, or low flexibility in split site selection. Here, we present a dual AAV vector technology based on reconstitution via mRNA trans-splicing (REVeRT). REVeRT is flexible in split site selection and can efficiently reconstitute different split genes in numerous in vitro models, in human organoids, and in vivo. Furthermore, REVeRT can functionally reconstitute a CRISPRa module targeting genes in various mouse tissues and organs in single or multiplexed approaches upon different routes of administration. Finally, REVeRT enabled the reconstitution of full-length ABCA4 after intravitreal injection in a mouse model of Stargardt disease. Due to its flexibility and efficiency REVeRT harbors great potential for basic research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Riedmayr
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | | | | | - David Manuel Mittas
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Nina Karguth
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Dina Yehia Otify
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | | | - Valentin Johannes Weber
- Laboratory for Retinal Gene Therapy, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Manuela Brümmer
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Raphael Ferreira
- Genetics Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nanda Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Maria Wögenstein
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Christian Grimm
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Jan Wijnholds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Verena Mehlfeld
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Stylianos Michalakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fenske
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Elvir Becirovic
- Laboratory for Retinal Gene Therapy, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952, Switzerland.
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Han X, Ji G, Wang N, Yi L, Mao Y, Deng J, Wu H, Ma S, Han J, Bu Y, Fang P, Liu J, Sun F, Song X. Comprehensive analysis of m 6A regulators characterized by the immune microenvironment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:459. [PMID: 37434186 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked, incurable, degenerative neuromuscular disease that is exacerbated by secondary inflammation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common base modification of RNA, has pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects in many diseases. However, the role of m6A modification in the immune microenvironment of DMD remains elusive. METHODS Our study retrospectively analyzed the expression data of 56 muscle tissues from DMD patients and 26 from non-muscular dystrophy individuals. Based on single sample gene set enrichment analysis, immune cells infiltration was identified and the result was validated by flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Then, we described the features of genetic variation in 26 m6A regulators and explored their relationship with the immune mircoenvironment of DMD patients through a series of bioinformatical analysis. At last, we determined subtypes of DMD patients by unsupervised clustering analysis and characterized the molecular and immune characteristics in different subgroups. RESULTS DMD patients have a sophisticated immune microenvironment that is significantly different from non-DMD controls. Numerous m6A regulators were aberrantly expressed in the muscle tissues of DMD and inversely related to most muscle-infiltrating immune cell types and immune response-related signaling pathways. A diagnostic model involving seven m6A regulators was established using LASSO. Furthermore, we determined three m6A modification patterns (cluster A/B/C) with distinct immune microenvironmental characteristics. CONCLUSION In summary, our study demonstrated that m6A regulators are intimately linked to the immune microenvironment of muscle tissues in DMD. These findings may facilitate a better understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanisms in DMD and provide novel strategies for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Ji
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jinliang Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongran Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhe Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Bu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Department of Neurology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Juyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanzhe Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu H, Liu D, Sui M, Zhou M, Wang B, Qi Q, Wang T, Zhang G, Wan F, Zhang B. CRISPRa-based activation of Fgf21 and Fndc5 ameliorates obesity by promoting adipocytes browning. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1326. [PMID: 37462619 PMCID: PMC10353577 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle-secreted myokines widely participate in lipids metabolism through autocrine, paracrine and endocrine actions. The myokines represented by FGF21 and Irisin can promote the browning of adipocytes and serve as promising targets for treating obesity. Although recombinant myokines replacement therapy and AAV (adeno-associated virus)-based myokines overexpression have shown a definite effect in ameliorating obesity, novel myokine activation strategies with higher efficacy and safety are still in pressing need. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a novel CRISPR-based myokines activation strategy in obesity treatments. METHODS In this study, we used lentivirus and a single AAV vector containing dCas9-VP64 with a single-guide RNA to selectively activate Fgf21 and Fndc5 expression in skeletal muscles both in vitro and in vivo. The activation efficacy of the CRISPRa system was determined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and ELISA. The treatment effect of CRISPR-based myokines activation was tested in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice (male C57BL/6 mice, induced at 6-week-old for 10 weeks). RESULTS The virus upregulates myokines expression in both mRNA and protein levels of muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Myokines secreted by muscle cells promoted browning of 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes. In vivo activation of myokines by AAVs can reduce body weight and fat mass, increase the adipocytes browning and improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in DIO mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a novel CRISPR-based myokines activation strategy that can ameliorate obesity by promoting adipocytes browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Sui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinqin Qi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Essawi K, Hakami W, Naeem Khan MB, Martin R, Zeng J, Chu R, Uchida N, Bonifacino AC, Krouse AE, Linde NS, Donahue RE, Blobel GA, Gerdemann U, Kean LS, Maitland SA, Wolfe SA, Metais JY, Gottschalk S, Bauer DE, Tisdale JF, Demirci S. Pre-existing immunity does not impair the engraftment of CRISPR-Cas9-edited cells in rhesus macaques conditioned with busulfan or radiation. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:483-493. [PMID: 37273902 PMCID: PMC10236215 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9-based therapeutic genome editing approaches hold promise to cure a variety of human diseases. Recent findings demonstrate pre-existing immunity for the commonly used Cas orthologs from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) and Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9) in humans, which threatens the success of this powerful tool in clinical use. Thus, a comprehensive investigation and potential risk assessment are required to exploit the full potential of the system. Here, we investigated existence of immunity to SpCas9 and SaCas9 in control rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) alongside monkeys transplanted with either lentiviral transduced or CRISPR-SpCas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-edited cells. We observed significant levels of Cas9 antibodies in the peripheral blood of all transplanted and non-transplanted control animals. Transplantation of ex vivo transduced or SpCas9-mediated BCL11A enhancer-edited cells did not alter the levels of Cas9 antibodies in rhesus monkeys. Following stimulation of peripheral blood cells with SpCas9 or SaCas9, neither Cas9-specific T cells nor cytokine induction were detected. Robust and durable editing frequencies and expression of high levels of fetal hemoglobin in BCL11A enhancer-edited rhesus monkeys with no evidence of an immune response (>3 years) provide an optimistic outlook for the use of ex vivo CRISPR-SpCas9 (RNP)-edited cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Essawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Behroz Naeem Khan
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Reid Martin
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jing Zeng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Chu
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | - Allen E. Krouse
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Robert E. Donahue
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gerd A. Blobel
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulrike Gerdemann
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leslie S. Kean
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacy A. Maitland
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Scot A. Wolfe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Metais
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel E. Bauer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Lamothe RC, Storlie MD, Espinosa DA, Rudlaff R, Browne P, Liu J, Rivas A, Devoto A, Oki J, Khoubyari A, Goltsman DSA, Lin JL, Butterfield CN, Brown CT, Thomas BC, Cost GJ. Novel CRISPR-Associated Gene-Editing Systems Discovered in Metagenomic Samples Enable Efficient and Specific Genome Engineering. CRISPR J 2023. [PMID: 37219969 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of medicines using gene editing has been hampered by enzymological and immunological impediments. We described previously the discovery and characterization of improved, novel gene-editing systems from metagenomic data. In this study, we substantially advance this work with three such gene-editing systems, demonstrating their utility for cell therapy development. All three systems are capable of reproducible, high-frequency gene editing in primary immune cells. In human T cells, disruption of the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha-chain was induced in >95% of cells, both paralogs of the TCR beta-chain in >90% of cells, and >90% knockout of β2-microglobulin, TIGIT, FAS, and PDCD1. Simultaneous double knockout of TRAC and TRBC was obtained at a frequency equal to that of the single edits. Gene editing with our systems had minimal effect on T cell viability. Furthermore, we integrate a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) construct into TRAC (up to ∼60% of T cells), and demonstrate CAR expression and cytotoxicity. We next applied our novel gene-editing tools to natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells, generating similarly efficient cell-engineering outcomes including the creation of active CAR-NK cells. Interrogation of our gene-editing systems' specificity reveals a profile comparable with or better than Cas9. Finally, our nucleases lack preexisting humoral and T cell-based immunity, consistent with their sourcing from nonhuman pathogens. In all, we show these new gene-editing systems have the activity, specificity, and translatability necessary for use in cell therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason Liu
- Metagenomi, Inc., Emeryville, California, USA
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Ma L, Yang S, Peng Q, Zhang J, Zhang J. CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technology for sickle cell disease. Gene 2023; 874:147480. [PMID: 37182559 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common monogenic hematologic disorder and is essentially congenital hemolytic anemia caused by an inherited point mutation in the β-globin on chromosome 11. Although the genetic basis of SCD was revealed as early as 1957, treatment options for SCD have been very limited to date. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was thought to hold promise as a cure for SCD, but the available donors were still only 15% useful. Gene therapy has advanced rapidly into the 21st century with the promise of a cure for SCD, and gene editing strategies based on the cluster-based regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequence (CRISPR)/Cas9 system have revolutionized the field of gene therapy by precisely targeting genes. In this paper, we review the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches of SCD, briefly summarize the delivery strategies of CRISPR/Cas9, and finally discuss in depth the current status, application barriers, and solution directions of CRISPR/Cas9 in SCD. Through the review in this paper, we hope to provide some references for gene therapy in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Ma
- Department of Hematology, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan City, Sichuan Province 620000, China
| | - Shanglun Yang
- Department of Hematology, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan City, Sichuan Province 620000, China
| | - Qianya Peng
- Department of Hematology, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan City, Sichuan Province 620000, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan City, Sichuan Province 620000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan City, Sichuan Province 620000, China.
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Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) was named more than 150 years ago. About four decades ago, the DMD gene was discovered, and the reading frame shift was determined as the genetic underpinning. These pivotal findings significantly changed the landscape of DMD therapy development. Restoration of dystrophin expression with gene therapy became a primary focus. Investment in gene therapy has led to the approval of exon skipping by regulatory agencies, multiple clinical trials of systemic microdystrophin therapy using adeno-associated virus vectors, and revolutionary genome editing therapy using the CRISPR technology. However, many important issues surfaced during the clinical translation of DMD gene therapy (such as low efficiency of exon skipping, immune toxicity-induced serious adverse events, and patient death). In this issue of Human Gene Therapy, several research articles highlighted some of the latest developments in DMD gene therapy. Importantly, a collection of articles from experts in the field reviewed the progress, major challenges, and future directions of DMD gene therapy. These insightful discussions have significant implications for gene therapy of other neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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O'Geen H, Beitnere U, Garcia MS, Adhikari A, Cameron DL, Fenton TA, Copping NA, Deng P, Lock S, Halmai JANM, Villegas IJ, Liu J, Wang D, Fink KD, Silverman JL, Segal DJ. Transcriptional reprogramming restores UBE3A brain-wide and rescues behavioral phenotypes in an Angelman syndrome mouse model. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1088-1105. [PMID: 36641623 PMCID: PMC10124086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by the loss of ubiquitin ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene expression in the brain. The UBE3A gene is paternally imprinted in brain neurons. Clinical features of AS are primarily due to the loss of maternally expressed UBE3A in the brain. A healthy copy of paternal UBE3A is present in the brain but is silenced by a long non-coding antisense transcript (UBE3A-ATS). Here, we demonstrate that an artificial transcription factor (ATF-S1K) can silence Ube3a-ATS in an adult mouse model of Angelman syndrome (AS) and restore endogenous physiological expression of paternal Ube3a. A single injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing ATF-S1K (AAV-S1K) into the tail vein enabled whole-brain transduction and restored UBE3A protein in neurons to ∼25% of wild-type protein. The ATF-S1K treatment was highly specific to the target site with no detectable inflammatory response 5 weeks after AAV-S1K administration. AAV-S1K treatment of AS mice showed behavioral rescue in exploratory locomotion, a task involving gross and fine motor abilities, similar to low ambulation and velocity in AS patients. The specificity and tolerability of a single injection of AAV-S1K therapy for AS demonstrate the use of ATFs as a promising translational approach for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Adhikari
- MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David L Cameron
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Timothy A Fenton
- MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nycole A Copping
- MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Peter Deng
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Lock
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Julian A N M Halmai
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Isaac J Villegas
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jiajian Liu
- Genome Editing and Novel Modalities (GENM), MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danhui Wang
- Genome Editing and Novel Modalities (GENM), MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jill L Silverman
- MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David J Segal
- Genome Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Carneiro SP, Greco A, Chiesa E, Genta I, Merkel OM. Shaping the future from the small scale: dry powder inhalation of CRISPR-Cas9 lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of lung diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:471-487. [PMID: 36896650 PMCID: PMC7614984 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2185220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most lung diseases are serious conditions resulting from genetic and environmental causes associated with high mortality and severe symptoms. Currently, treatments available have a palliative effect and many targets are still considered undruggable. Gene therapy stands as an attractive approach to offering innovative therapeutic solutions. CRISPRCas9 has established a remarkable potential for genome editing with high selectivity to targeted mutations. To ensure high efficacy with minimum systemic exposure, the delivery and administration route are key components that must be investigated. AREAS COVERED This review is focused on the delivery of CRISPRCas9 to the lungs, taking advantage of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), the most clinically advanced nucleic acid carriers. We also aim to highlight the benefits of pulmonary administration as a local delivery route and the use of spray drying to prepare stable nucleic-acid-based dry powder formulations that can overcome multiple lung barriers. EXPERT OPINION Exploring the pulmonary administration to deliver CRISPRCas9 loaded in LNPs as a dry powder increases the chances to achieve high efficacy and reduced adverse effects. CRISPRCas9 loaded in LNP-embedded microparticles has not yet been reported in the literature but has the potential to reach and accumulate in target cells in the lung, thus, enhancing overall efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone P. Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonietta Greco
- University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Olivia M. Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Musunuru K. CRISPR and cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:79-93. [PMID: 35388882 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR technologies have progressed by leaps and bounds over the past decade, not only having a transformative effect on biomedical research but also yielding new therapies that are poised to enter the clinic. In this review, I give an overview of (i) the various CRISPR DNA-editing technologies, including standard nuclease gene editing, base editing, prime editing, and epigenome editing, (ii) their impact on cardiovascular basic science research, including animal models, human pluripotent stem cell models, and functional screens, and (iii) emerging therapeutic applications for patients with cardiovascular diseases, focusing on the examples of hypercholesterolaemia, transthyretin amyloidosis, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Musunuru
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Mohan K, Dubey SK, Jung K, Dubey R, Wang QJ, Prajapati S, Roney J, Abney J, Kleinman ME. Long-Term Evaluation of Retinal Morphology and Function in Rosa26-Cas9 Knock-In Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5186. [PMID: 36982266 PMCID: PMC10049241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a robust, efficient, and cost-effective gene editing tool widely adopted in translational studies of ocular diseases. However, in vivo CRISPR-based editing in animal models poses challenges such as the efficient delivery of the CRISPR components in viral vectors with limited packaging capacity and a Cas9-associated immune response. Using a germline Cas9-expressing mouse model would help to overcome these limitations. Here, we evaluated the long-term effects of SpCas9 expression on retinal morphology and function using Rosa26-Cas9 knock-in mice. We observed abundant SpCas9 expression in the RPE and retina of Rosa26-Cas9 mice using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunostaining. SD-OCT imaging and histological analysis of the RPE, retinal layers, and vasculature showed no apparent structural abnormalities in adult and aged Cas9 mice. Full-field electroretinogram of adult and aged Cas9 mice showed no long-term functional changes in the retinal tissues because of constitutive Cas9 expression. The current study showed that both the retina and RPE maintain their phenotypic and functional features in Cas9 knock-in mice, establishing this as an ideal animal model for developing therapeutics for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabhilan Mohan
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA (S.K.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA (S.K.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kyungsik Jung
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA (S.K.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Rashmi Dubey
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA (S.K.D.)
| | - Qing Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Subhash Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jacob Roney
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jennifer Abney
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mark Ellsworth Kleinman
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA (S.K.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Addison AP, McGinnis J, Ortiz-Guzman J, Tantry EK, Patel DM, Belfort BDW, Srivastava S, Romero JM, Arenkiel BR, Curry DJ. Molecular Neurosurgery: Introduction to Gene Therapy and Clinical Applications. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTo date, more than 100 clinical trials have used sequence-based therapies to address diseases of the pediatric central nervous system. The first targeted pathologies share common features: the diseases are severe; they are due (mostly) to single variants; the variants are well characterized within the genome; and the interventions are technically feasible. Interventions range from intramuscular and intravenous injection to intrathecal and intraparenchymal infusions. Whether the therapeutic sequence consists of RNA or DNA, and whether the sequence is delivered via simple oligonucleotide, nanoparticle, or viral vector depends on the disease and the involved cell type(s) of the nervous system. While only one active trial targets an epilepsy disorder—Dravet syndrome—experiences with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, spinal muscular atrophy, and others have taught us several lessons that will undoubtedly apply to the future of gene therapy for epilepsies. Epilepsies, with their diverse underlying mechanisms, will have unique aspects that may influence gene therapy strategies, such as targeting the epileptic zone or nodes in affected circuits, or alternatively finding ways to target nearly every neuron in the brain. This article focuses on the current state of gene therapy and includes its history and premise, the strategy and delivery vehicles most commonly used, and details viral vectors, current trials, and considerations for the future of pediatric intracranial gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela P. Addison
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - J.P. McGinnis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Joshua Ortiz-Guzman
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Evelyne K. Tantry
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Dhruv M. Patel
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Benjamin D. W. Belfort
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Snigdha Srivastava
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Juan M. Romero
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Arenkiel
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Daniel J. Curry
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Padmaswari MH, Agrawal S, Jia MS, Ivy A, Maxenberger DA, Burcham LA, Nelson CE. Delivery challenges for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011307. [PMID: 36864908 PMCID: PMC9969352 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked neuromuscular disorder that affects about one in every 5000 live male births. DMD is caused by mutations in the gene that codes for dystrophin, which is required for muscle membrane stabilization. The loss of functional dystrophin causes muscle degradation that leads to weakness, loss of ambulation, cardiac and respiratory complications, and eventually, premature death. Therapies to treat DMD have advanced in the past decade, with treatments in clinical trials and four exon-skipping drugs receiving conditional Food and Drug Administration approval. However, to date, no treatment has provided long-term correction. Gene editing has emerged as a promising approach to treating DMD. There is a wide range of tools, including meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and, most notably, RNA-guided enzymes from the bacterial adaptive immune system clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Although challenges in using CRISPR for gene therapy in humans still abound, including safety and efficiency of delivery, the future for CRISPR gene editing for DMD is promising. This review will summarize the progress in CRISPR gene editing for DMD including key summaries of current approaches, delivery methodologies, and the challenges that gene editing still faces as well as prospective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpi Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Mary S. Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Allie Ivy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Daniel A. Maxenberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Landon A. Burcham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Kise S, Iijima A, Nagao C, Okada T, Mano H, Nishikawa M, Ikushiro S, Kanemoto Y, Kato S, Nakanishi T, Sato S, Yasuda K, Sakaki T. Functional analysis of vitamin D receptor (VDR) using adenovirus vector. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 230:106275. [PMID: 36854350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we generated type II rickets model rats, including Vdr(R270L), Vdr(H301Q), Vdr(R270L/H301Q), and Vdr-knockout (KO), by genome editing. All generated animals showed symptoms of rickets, including growth retardation and abnormal bone formation. Among these, only Vdr-KO rats exhibited abnormal skin formation and alopecia. To elucidate the relationship between VDR function and rickets symptoms, each VDR was expressed in human HaCaT-VDR-KO cells using an adenovirus vector. We also constructed an adenovirus vector expressing VDR(V342M) corresponding to human VDR(V346M) which causes alopecia. We compared the nuclear translocation of VDRs after adding 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) at final concentrations of 10 and 100 nM, respectively. Both 25D3 and 1,25D3 induced the nuclear translocation of wild type VDR and VDR(V342M). Conversely, VDR(R270L) translocation was observed in the presence of 100 nM 25D3, with almost no translocation following treatment with 10 nM 1,25D3. VDR(R270L/H301Q) failed to undergo nuclear translocation. These results were consistent with their affinity for each ligand. Notably, VDR(R270L/H301Q) may exist in an unliganded form under physiological conditions, and factors interacting with VDR(R270L/H301Q) may be involved in the hair growth cycle. Thus, this novel system using an adenovirus vector could be valuable in elucidating vitamin D receptor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Kise
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Ayano Iijima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Chika Nagao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okada
- Health Sciences Research Center, Iryo Sosei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan; Research Institute of Innovative Medicine (RIIM), Tokiwa Foundation, 57 Kaminodai Jyoban Kamiyunagayamachi, Iwaki, Fukushima 972-8322, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kanemoto
- Research Institute of Innovative Medicine (RIIM), Tokiwa Foundation, 57 Kaminodai Jyoban Kamiyunagayamachi, Iwaki, Fukushima 972-8322, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Health Sciences Research Center, Iryo Sosei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai Iino, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan; Research Institute of Innovative Medicine (RIIM), Tokiwa Foundation, 57 Kaminodai Jyoban Kamiyunagayamachi, Iwaki, Fukushima 972-8322, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakanishi
- Center of Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeto Sato
- Center of Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
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Leeb T, Bannasch D, Schoenebeck JJ. Identification of Genetic Risk Factors for Monogenic and Complex Canine Diseases. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2023; 11:183-205. [PMID: 36322969 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-050622-055534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Advances in DNA sequencing and other technologies have greatly facilitated the identification of genetic risk factors for inherited diseases in dogs. We review recent technological developments based on selected examples from canine disease genetics. The identification of disease-causing variants in dogs with monogenic diseases may become a widely employed diagnostic approach in clinical veterinary medicine in the not-too-distant future. Diseases with complex modes of inheritance continue to pose challenges to researchers but have also become much more tangible than in the past. In addition to strategies for identifying genetic risk factors, we provide some thoughts on the interpretation of sequence variants that are largely inspired by developments in human clinical genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Danika Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Jeffrey J Schoenebeck
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School for Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom;
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43
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Lek A, Atas E, Hesterlee SE, Byrne BJ, Bönnemann CG. Meeting Report: 2022 Muscular Dystrophy Association Summit on 'Safety and Challenges in Gene Transfer Therapy'. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:327-336. [PMID: 36806515 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-221639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) has invested over $125M in the development of gene therapy for neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) over the past 20 years. As a lead initiator of progress in this important field of medicine and to help ensure continued progress towards therapies for patients, MDA organized a dedicated summit in January 2022 to address emerging challenges in safely delivering AAV gene therapies with a focus on their application in NMD. In this meeting, chaired by Carsten Bönnemann (NINDS, NIH) and Barry Byrne (University of Florida), academic and industry experts and stakeholders convened to openly discuss adverse events linked to clinical trials, as well as other challenges emerging in preclinical studies associated with difficulties in the translation of AAV gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lek
- Muscular Dystrophy Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evrim Atas
- Muscular Dystrophy Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Barry J Byrne
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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44
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Mingarro G, Del Olmo ML. Improvements in the genetic editing technologies: CRISPR-Cas and beyond. Gene 2023; 852:147064. [PMID: 36435506 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene editing is a great hope not only for the scientific community, but also for society in general. This is due to its potential therapeutic applications that would allow curing diseases of genetic origin. The first realistic approach to achieve this goal was the development of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) tools. This review deals with some of the improvements that have been designed to obtain more efficient and safer genome editing. Initial CRISPR-Cas (CRISPR associated) editing systems yield low efficiency and undesired editing products. To solve these problems, new approaches emerged, such as the creation of base editors. Recent discoveries have led to the development of many interesting alternatives, such as the CRISPR-associated transposable systems, which open the range by generating guided insertions, or the discovery of other programmable nucleases like the IscB family, which greatly increase the range of proteins available for editing uses. Also, to address the limitations of base editors, prime editors were created; this novel system, despite having some disadvantages compared to base editor systems, has the potential to generate all the possible point mutations. On the other hand, dual prime editing systems (like twin and homologous 3' extension-mediated prime editors) have been developed to create targeted insertions and enhance the editing outcomes, respectively. Furthermore, advances in gene editing do not reside solely in CRISPR-dependent systems, as we will discuss when treating the Replication Interrupted Template-Driven DNA Modification technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Mingarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València. Burjassot (València), Spain
| | - Marcel Lí Del Olmo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València. Burjassot (València), Spain.
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45
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Abstract
Pre-symptomatic gene editing in preclinical models of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy show therapeutic promise; clinical studies are now needed to assess safety and efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Strong
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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46
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Li G, Jin M, Li Z, Xiao Q, Lin J, Yang D, Liu Y, Wang X, Xie L, Ying W, Wang H, Zuo E, Shi L, Wang N, Chen W, Xu C, Yang H. Mini-dCas13X-mediated RNA editing restores dystrophin expression in a humanized mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:162809. [PMID: 36512423 PMCID: PMC9888377 DOI: 10.1172/jci162809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of monogenic diseases are caused by nonsense point mutations that generate premature termination codons (PTCs), resulting in a truncated protein and nonsense-mediated decay of the mutant mRNAs. Here, we demonstrate a mini-dCas13X-mediated RNA adenine base editing (mxABE) strategy to treat nonsense mutation-related monogenic diseases via A-to-G editing in a genetically humanized mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Initially, we identified a nonsense point mutation (c.4174C>T, p.Gln1392*) in the DMD gene of a patient and validated its pathogenicity in humanized mice. In this model, mxABE packaged in a single adeno-associated virus (AAV) reached A-to-G editing rates up to 84% in vivo, at least 20-fold greater than rates reported in previous studies using other RNA editing modalities. Furthermore, mxABE restored robust expression of dystrophin protein to over 50% of WT levels by enabling PTC read-through in multiple muscle tissues. Importantly, systemic delivery of mxABE by AAV also rescued dystrophin expression to averages of 37%, 6%, and 54% of WT levels in the diaphragm, tibialis anterior, and heart muscle, respectively, as well as rescued muscle function. Our data strongly suggest that mxABE-based strategies may be a viable new treatment modality for DMD and other monogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Li
- HuiGene Therapeutics, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Qingquan Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong Yang
- HuiGene Therapeutics, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- HuiGene Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Xie
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenqin Ying
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Erwei Zuo
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linyu Shi
- HuiGene Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wanjin Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunlong Xu
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- HuiGene Therapeutics, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China
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47
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Chey YCJ, Arudkumar J, Aartsma-Rus A, Adikusuma F, Thomas PQ. CRISPR applications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: From animal models to potential therapies. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1580. [PMID: 35909075 PMCID: PMC10078488 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR gene-editing technology creates precise and permanent modifications to DNA. It has significantly advanced our ability to generate animal disease models for use in biomedical research and also has potential to revolutionize the treatment of genetic disorders. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a monogenic muscle-wasting disease that could potentially benefit from the development of CRISPR therapy. It is commonly associated with mutations that disrupt the reading frame of the DMD gene that encodes dystrophin, an essential scaffolding protein that stabilizes striated muscles and protects them from contractile-induced damage. CRISPR enables the rapid generation of various animal models harboring mutations that closely simulates the wide variety of mutations observed in DMD patients. These models provide a platform for the testing of sequence-specific interventions like CRISPR therapy that aim to reframe or skip DMD mutations to restore functional dystrophin expression. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu C J Chey
- School of Biomedicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jayshen Arudkumar
- School of Biomedicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fatwa Adikusuma
- School of Biomedicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, Australia
| | - Paul Q Thomas
- School of Biomedicine and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Genome Editing Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Genome Editing (SAGE), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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48
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Hakim CH, Kumar SRP, Pérez-López D, Teixeira J, Herzog RW, Duan D. Assessment of the Gene Therapy Immune Response in the Canine Muscular Dystrophy Model. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2587:353-375. [PMID: 36401038 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2772-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The immune response is a primary hurdle in the development of gene therapy for neuromuscular diseases. Both innate and adaptive immune responses have been observed in human trials. The canine model is an excellent platform to understand immunological consequences of gene therapy. Over the last several decades, we have conducted gene replacement and gene repair therapies in the canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of the highly abbreviated micro-dystrophin gene, the larger mini-dystrophin gene, and the Cas9-based CRISPR genome editing machinery. We have evaluated the innate, humoral, and cellular immune responses to the AAV vector and the transgene product. In this chapter, we share our experience in collecting and processing of the dog blood samples for immunological assays, and our protocols for quantitative evaluation of cytokines and chemokines, antibodies, and T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chady H Hakim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sandeep R P Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dennis Pérez-López
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James Teixeira
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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49
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Hakim CH, Pérez-López D, Burke MJ, Teixeira J, Duan D. Molecular and Biochemical Assessment of Gene Therapy in the Canine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2587:255-301. [PMID: 36401035 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2772-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the dystrophin gene result in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a progressive muscle-wasting disease. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated gene replacement, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing hold the potential to treat DMD. Molecular and biochemical analyses are essential to determine gene transfer efficiency and therapeutic efficacy. In this chapter, we present a series of methods routinely used in our laboratory to extract and quantify DNA, RNA, and protein in gene therapy studies performed in the canine DMD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chady H Hakim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dennis Pérez-López
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Burke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James Teixeira
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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50
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Ewaisha R, Anderson KS. Immunogenicity of CRISPR therapeutics-Critical considerations for clinical translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1138596. [PMID: 36873375 PMCID: PMC9978118 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1138596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR offers new hope for many patients and promises to transform the way we think of future therapies. Ensuring safety of CRISPR therapeutics is a top priority for clinical translation and specific recommendations have been recently released by the FDA. Rapid progress in the preclinical and clinical development of CRISPR therapeutics leverages years of experience with gene therapy successes and failures. Adverse events due to immunogenicity have been a major setback that has impacted the field of gene therapy. As several in vivo CRISPR clinical trials make progress, the challenge of immunogenicity remains a significant roadblock to the clinical availability and utility of CRISPR therapeutics. In this review, we examine what is currently known about the immunogenicity of CRISPR therapeutics and discuss several considerations to mitigate immunogenicity for the design of safe and clinically translatable CRISPR therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Ewaisha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Newgiza, Egypt
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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