1
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Wang K, Xu Y, Xie X, Ma H. Theoretical investigation of distal charge separation in a perylenediimide trimer. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164303. [PMID: 38647303 DOI: 10.1063/5.0205671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An exciton-phonon (ex-ph) model based on our recently developed block interaction product basis framework is introduced to simulate the distal charge separation (CS) process in aggregated perylenediimide (PDI) trimer incorporating the quantum dynamic method, i.e., the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group. The electronic Hamiltonian in the ex-ph model is represented by nine constructed diabatic states, which include three local excited (LE) states and six charge transfer (CT) states from both the neighboring and distal chromophores. These diabatic states are automatically generated from the direct products of the leading localized neutral or ionic states of each chromophore's reduced density matrix, which are obtained from ab initio quantum chemical calculation of the subsystem consisting of the targeted chromophore and its nearest neighbors, thus considering the interaction of the adjacent environment. In order to quantum-dynamically simulate the distal CS process with massive coupled vibrational modes in molecular aggregates, we used our recently proposed hierarchical mapping approach to renormalize these modes and truncate those vibrational modes that are not effectively coupled with electronic states accordingly. The simulation result demonstrates that the formation of the distal CS process undergoes an intermediate state of adjacent CT, i.e., starts from the LE states, passes through an adjacent CT state to generate the intermediates (∼200 fs), and then formalizes the targeted distal CS via further charge transference (∼1 ps). This finding agrees well with the results observed in the experiment, indicating that our scheme is capable of quantitatively investigating the CS process in a realistic aggregated PDI trimer and can also be potentially applied to exploring CS and other photoinduced processes in larger systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yihe Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Haibo Ma
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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2
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Yeung A, Zwijnenburg MA, Orton GRF, Robertson JH, Barendt TA. Investigating the diastereoselective synthesis of a macrocycle under Curtin-Hammett control. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5516-5524. [PMID: 38638241 PMCID: PMC11023033 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This work sheds new light on the stereoselective synthesis of chiral macrocycles containing twisted aromatic units, valuable π-conjugated materials for recognition, sensing, and optoelectronics. For the first time, we use the Curtin-Hammett principle to investigate a chiral macrocyclisation reaction, revealing the potential for supramolecular π-π interactions to direct the outcome of a dynamic kinetic resolution, favouring the opposite macrocyclic product to that expected under reversible, thermodynamically controlled conditions. Specifically, a dynamic, racemic perylene diimide dye (1 : 1 P : M) is strapped with an enantiopure (S)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol group (P-BINOL) to form two diastereomeric macrocyclic products, the homochiral macrocycle (PP) and the heterochiral species (PM). We find there is notable selectivity for the PM macrocycle (dr = 4 : 1), which is rationalised by kinetic templation from intramolecular aromatic non-covalent interactions between the P-BINOL π-donor and the M-PDI π-acceptor during the macrocyclisation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Yeung
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Martijn A Zwijnenburg
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Georgia R F Orton
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | | | - Timothy A Barendt
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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3
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Niu W, Fu Y, Qiu ZL, Schürmann CJ, Obermann S, Liu F, Popov AA, Komber H, Ma J, Feng X. π-Extended Helical Multilayer Nanographenes with Layer-Dependent Chiroptical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38048528 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Helical nanographenes (NGs) have attracted increasing attention recently because of their intrinsic chirality and exotic chiroptical properties. However, the efficient synthesis of extended helical NGs featuring a multilayer topology is still underdeveloped, and their layer-dependent chiroptical properties remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate a modular synthetic strategy to construct a series of novel helical NGs (1-3) with a multilayer topology through a consecutive Diels-Alder reaction and regioselective cyclodehydrogenation from the readily accessible phenanthrene-based precursors bearing ethynyl groups. The resultant NGs exhibit bilayer, trilayer, and tetralayer structures with elongated π extension and rigid helical backbones, as unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray or electron diffraction analysis. We find that the photophysical properties of these helical NGs are notably influenced by the degree of π extension, which varies with the number of layers, leading to obvious redshifted absorption, a fast rising molar extinction coefficient (ε), and markedly boosted fluorescence quantum yield (Φf). Moreover, the embedded [7]helicene subunits in these NGs result in stable chirality, enabling both chiral resolution and exploration of their layer-dependent chiroptical properties. Profiting from the good alignment of electric and magnetic dipole moments determined by the multilayer structure, the resultant NGs exhibit excellent circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence response with unprecedented high CPL brightness up to 168 M-1 cm-1, rendering them promising candidates for CPL emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Niu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Obermann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Bektas N, Aydogan A. A poly-pseudorotaxane constructed by threading pillar[5]arene onto an ion-pair recognition-based calix[4]pyrrole supramolecular polymer. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1862-1867. [PMID: 36799237 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02268k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The ion-pair recognition ability of calix[4]pyrrole was utilized to form a multicomponent monomeric assembly and a linear supramolecular polymer via concurrent anion and bis-cation complexation. The inherent dynamic interactions of these assemblies were further used to construct pseudorotaxanes in monomeric and supramolecular polymer forms with pillar[5]arene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Bektas
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Abdullah Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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5
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Han H, Seale JSW, Feng L, Qiu Y, Stoddart JF. Sequence‐controlled synthesis of rotaxanes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - James S. W. Seale
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou China
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6
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Dnyaneshwar Veer S, Chandrakant Wakchaure V, Asokan K, Dixit R, Goswami T, Saha R, Gonnade R, Ghosh HN, Santhosh Babu S. Oligothiophene-Ring-Strapped Perylene Bisimides: Functionalizable Coaxial Donor-Acceptor Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212934. [PMID: 36266975 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aesthetic designs from nature enable new knowledge to be gained and, at the same time, inspire scientific models. In this context, multicomponent macrocycles embody the advantage of precisely positioning the structural units to achieve efficient communication between them. However, the construction of a functionalizable macrocycle for ultrafast charge separation and stabilization has not been attempted. Herein, we report the synthesis, crystal structure, and transient absorption of a new functionalizable macrocycle consisting of an oligothiophene-ring-strapped perylene bisimide. Transient absorption results point to a sequential improvement in charge separation and stabilization from the macrocycle to the corresponding linear dimer and 2D polymer due to the unique design. Our macrocycle design with a supportive spatial arrangement of the donor and acceptor units will inspire the development of more complex synthetic systems with exciting electron-transfer and charge-separation features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairam Dnyaneshwar Veer
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Vivek Chandrakant Wakchaure
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Kiran Asokan
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Ruchi Dixit
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.,Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Tanmay Goswami
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, 411008, Punjab, India
| | - Ramchandra Saha
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, 411008, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Gonnade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.,Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, 411008, Punjab, India.,Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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7
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Quinn S, Davies ES, Pearce N, Rosenberg C, Pfeiffer CR, Orton GRF, Champness NR. Donor-Acceptor Dyads and Triads Employing Core-Substituted Naphthalene Diimides: A Synthetic and Spectro (Electrochemical) Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248671. [PMID: 36557805 PMCID: PMC9783862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor dyads and triads comprising core-substituted naphthalene diimide (NDI) chromophores and either phenothiazine or phenoxazine donors are described. Synthesis combined with electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical investigations facilitates characterisation of the various redox states of these molecules, confirming the ability to combine arrays of electron donating and accepting moieties into single species that retain the redox properties of these individual moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - E. Stephen Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nicholas Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Callum Rosenberg
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Constance R. Pfeiffer
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Georgia R. F. Orton
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neil R. Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence:
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8
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Filimonova D, Nazarova A, Yakimova L, Stoikov I. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Based on Monosubstituted Pillar[5]arenes: Chemoselective Synthesis of Macrocycles and Their Supramolecular Self-Assembly. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4266. [PMID: 36500889 PMCID: PMC9738619 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Novel monosubstituted pillar[5]arenes with one or two terminal carboxyl groups were synthesized by the reaction of succinic anhydride with pillar[5]arene derivative containing a diethylenetriamine function. The ability for non-covalent self-assembly in chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, as well as in tetrahydrofuran-water system was studied. The ability of the synthesized macrocycles to form different types of associates depending on the substituent nature was established. The formation of stable particles with average diameter of 192 nm in chloroform and of 439 nm in DMSO was shown for pillar[5]arene containing two carboxyl fragments. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) based on monosubstituted pillar[5]arenes were synthesized by nanoprecipitation in THF-water system. Minor changes in the structure of the macrocycle substituent can dramatically influence the stability and shape of SLN (spherical and rod-like structures) accordingly to DLS and TEM. The presence of two carboxyl groups in the macrocycle substituent leads to the formation of stable spherical SLN with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 364-454 nm. Rod-like structures are formed by pillar[5]arene containing one carboxyl fragment, which diameter is about of 50-80 nm and length of 700-1000 nm. The synthesized stable SLN open up great prospects for their use as drug storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Filimonova
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anastasia Nazarova
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Luidmila Yakimova
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation, and Biological Safety», Nauchny Gorodok-2, 420075 Kazan, Russia
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9
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Synthesis and Characterization of a Calcium‐Pyrazolonato Complex. Observation of
In‐Situ
Desolvation During Micro‐Electron Diffraction. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Luo J, Guo Y, Li P, Sue ACH, Cheng C. Dynamic combinatorial libraries of a dimercapto-pillar[5]arene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8646-8649. [PMID: 35822240 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02752f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) of an A1/A2-dimercapto-functionalized pillar[5]arene (Di-SH-P5). The introduction of thiol moieties into this macrocyclic host makes it an effective building block for making a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL), giving rise to a set of cyclic trimers with intriguing host-guest properties as the dominant constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Luo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yunlong Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chuyang Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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11
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Kato K, Fa S, Ohtani S, Shi TH, Brouwer AM, Ogoshi T. Noncovalently bound and mechanically interlocked systems using pillar[ n]arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3648-3687. [PMID: 35445234 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arenes are pillar-shaped macrocyclic compounds owing to the methylene bridges linking the para-positions of the units. Owing to their unique pillar-shaped structures, these compounds exhibit various excellent properties compared with other cyclic host molecules, such as versatile functionality using various organic synthesis techniques, substituent-dependent solubility, cavity-size-dependent host-guest properties in organic media, and unit rotation along with planar chiral inversion. These advantages have enabled the high-yield synthesis and rational design of pillar[n]arene-based mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). In particular, new types of pillar[n]arene-based MIMs that can dynamically convert between interlocked and unlocked states through unit rotation have been produced. The highly symmetrical pillar-shaped structures of pillar[n]arenes result in simple NMR spectra, which are useful for studying the motion of pillar[n]arene wheels in MIMs and creating sophisticated MIMs with higher-order structures. The creation and application of polymeric MIMs based on pillar[n]arenes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Tan-Hao Shi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan. .,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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