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Chen M, Bustillo KC, Patel V, Savitzky BH, Sternlicht H, Maslyn JA, Loo WS, Ciston J, Ophus C, Jiang X, Balsara NP, Minor AM. Direct Imaging of the Crystalline Domains and Their Orientation in the PS- b-PEO Block Copolymer with 4D-STEM. Macromolecules 2024; 57:5629-5638. [PMID: 38948181 PMCID: PMC11210284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The arrangement of crystalline domains in semicrystalline polymers is key to understanding how to optimize the nanostructured morphology for enabling better properties. For example, in polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO), the degree of crystallinity and arrangement of the crystallites within the PEO phase plays a crucial role in determining the physical properties of the electrolyte. Here, we used four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy to directly visualize the crystal domains within the PEO-rich region of the PS-b-PEO block copolymer and show the relative angle of the domain with respect to the PEO-PS interface. As demonstrated here, our analysis method is applicable to other electron-beam sensitive materials, especially semicrystalline polymers, to unveil their local phase condition and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National
Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karen C. Bustillo
- National
Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vivaan Patel
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Savitzky
- National
Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hadas Sternlicht
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National
Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jacqueline A. Maslyn
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Whitney S. Loo
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Jim Ciston
- National
Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Colin Ophus
- National
Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xi Jiang
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew M. Minor
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National
Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Wu M, Stroppa D, Spiecker E. Dose-Efficient Structure Mapping of Nano-Crystallites in Organic Solar Cells with Fast 4D-SCED Experiments Using Hybrid Pixel Detector. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1752-1753. [PMID: 37613918 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Wu
- CENEM, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Chatterjee D, Huang S, Gu K, Ju J, Yu J, Bock H, Yu L, Ediger MD, Voyles PM. Using 4D STEM to Probe Mesoscale Order in Molecular Glass Films Prepared by Physical Vapor Deposition. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2009-2015. [PMID: 36799489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Physical vapor deposition can be used to prepare highly stable organic glass systems where the molecules show orientational and translational ordering at the nanoscale. We have used low-dose four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM), enabled by a fast direct electron detector, to map columnar order in glassy samples of a discotic mesogen using a 2 nm probe. Both vapor-deposited and liquid-cooled glassy films show domains of similar orientation, but their size varies from tens to hundreds of nanometers, depending on processing. Domain sizes are consistent with surface-diffusion-mediated ordering during film deposition. These results demonstrate the ability of low-dose 4D STEM to characterize a mesoscale structure in a molecular glass system which may be relevant to organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaditya Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Applied Materials Inc., Santa Clara, California, 95054 United States
| | - Shuoyuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kaichen Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jianzhu Ju
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Junguang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal-CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - M D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Paul M Voyles
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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