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Liu ZH, Xiao J, Zhai QQ, Tang X, Xu LJ, Zhuang ZY, Wang YW, Peng Y. Intramolecular Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling enables enantiodivergent synthesis of linoxepin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:694-697. [PMID: 38105647 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive tandem cyclization of the elaborated β-bromo acetal with a dibenzoxepin scaffold was invented to strategically construct the remaining two rings in linoxepin. The generated diasterodivergent intermediates could be easily converted to both enantiomers of this unique cyclolignan molecule via facile oxidations, thus realizing enantiodivergent total synthesis of linoxepin for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Liu
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Qian-Qian Zhai
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Xi Tang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Peng
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
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Hao M, Xu H. Chemistry and Biology of Podophyllotoxins: An Update. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302595. [PMID: 37814110 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin is an aryltetralin lignan lactone derived from different plants of Podophyllum. It consists of five rings with four chiral centers, one trans-lactone and one aryl tetrahydronaphthalene skeleton with multiple modification sites. Moreover, podophyllotoxin and its derivatives showed lots of bioactivities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and insecticidal properties. The demand for podophyllotoxin and its derivatives is rising as a result of their high efficacy. As a continuation of our previous review (Chem. Eur. J., 2017, 23, 4467-4526), herein, total synthesis, biotransformation, structural modifications, bioactivities, and structure-activity relationships of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives from 2017 to 2022 are summarized. Meanwhile, a piece of update information on the origin of new podophyllotoxin analogues from plants from 2014 to 2022 was compiled. We hope that this review will provide a reference for future high value-added applications of podophyllotoxin and its analogues in the pharmaceutical and agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xian Yang Shi, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xian Yang Shi, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
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3
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Lutovsky GA, Yoon TP. Cu(II) salts as terminal oxidants in visible-light photochemical oxidation reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 22:25-36. [PMID: 38047405 PMCID: PMC10842929 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01678a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Photochemistry provides an important platform for the discovery of synthetically useful transformations. The development of new oxidative photoreactions, however, has proven to be relatively challenging. The importance of the identity of the terminal oxidant has been an underappreciated consideration in the design of these reactions. Many of the most common terminal oxidants used in ground-state catalytic methods are poorly compatible with the one-electron oxidation state changes characteristic of photoredox reactions and result in hard-to-control deleterious side reactions. As an alternative, Cu(II) salts have emerged as versatile terminal oxidants in photochemical oxidation reactions that are terrestrially abundant, cost-effective, and readily compatible with one-electron oxidation state changes. This review highlights recent reaction methods that leverage Cu(II) oxidation in combination with the photochemical activation of substrates or that use Cu(II) salts as both the active chromophore and terminal oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Lutovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Yuan P, Liu R, Zhu HM, Liao Z, Xiang JC, Wu AX. An I 2-DMSO catalytic manifold enabled aromatization for C-ring editing of podophyllotoxone. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6468-6473. [PMID: 37539709 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00927k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The precise aromatization of the C-ring of podophyllotoxone to access value-added dehydropodophyllotoxin derivatives conventionally requires the use of equivalent amounts of unsustainable oxidants and suffers from inefficiencies. Taking advantage of the hydridic character of the C8 and C8' of podophyllotoxone, we have developed an I2-DMSO catalytic manifold that enables a green and selective dehydrogenative aromatization to overcome these synthetic challenges. An unprecedented dehydrogenative amination of podophyllotoxone derivatives was also realized using aniline as the reaction partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Hui-Min Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Zhixin Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Chen Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - An-Xin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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Yang B, Li G, Wang Q, Zhu J. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Stephadiamine. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5001-5006. [PMID: 36848312 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis of (+)-stephadiamine has been accomplished featuring (a) an enantioselective dearomatizative Michael addition to generate a quaternary stereocenter; (b) a domino sequence involving reductive generation of nitrone from γ-nitro ketone followed by a highly regio- and diastereo-selective intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition to construct the aza[4,3,3]propellane core with concurrent generation of two quaternary stereocenters and two functional groups ready for subsequent transformations; (c) the Curtius rearrangement of the sensitive α,α-disubstituted malonic acid mono ester for the installation of α,α-disubstituted amino ester moiety; (d) a benzylic C-H oxidation under photoredox catalytic conditions; and (e) a highly diastereoselective ketone reduction affording δ-hydroxyester preorganized for lactonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochao Yang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guang Li
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gennaiou K, Kelesidis A, Kourgiantaki M, Zografos AL. Combining the best of both worlds: radical-based divergent total synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1-26. [PMID: 36686041 PMCID: PMC9830495 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A mature science, combining the art of the total synthesis of complex natural structures and the practicality of delivering highly diverged lead compounds for biological screening, is the constant aim of the organic chemistry community. Delivering natural lead compounds became easier during the last two decades, with the evolution of green chemistry and the concepts of atom economy and protecting-group-free synthesis dominating the field of total synthesis. In this new era, total synthesis is moving towards natural efficacy by utilizing both the biosynthetic knowledge of divergent synthesis and the latest developments in radical chemistry. This contemporary review highlights recent total syntheses that incorporate the best of both worlds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Gennaiou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Antonios Kelesidis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Maria Kourgiantaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Alexandros L Zografos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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Yao SC, Xiao J, Nan GM, Peng Y. Progress on total synthesis and their divergent transformations of aryltetrahydrofuran-type lignans. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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