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Wang J, Sadeghi CA, Le LV, Le Bouteiller M, Frock RL. ATM and 53BP1 regulate alternative end joining-mediated V(D)J recombination. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn4682. [PMID: 39083600 PMCID: PMC11290492 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
G0-G1 phase alternative end joining (A-EJ) is a recently defined mutagenic pathway characterized by resected deletion and translocation joints that are predominantly direct and are distinguished from A-EJ in cycling cells that rely much more on microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). Using chemical and genetic approaches, we systematically evaluate potential A-EJ factors and DNA damage response (DDR) genes to support this mechanism by mapping the repair fates of RAG1/2-initiated double-strand breaks in the context of Igκ locus V-J recombination and chromosome translocation. Our findings highlight a polymerase theta-independent Parp1-XRCC1/LigIII axis as central A-EJ components, supported by 53BP1 in the context of an Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-activated DDR. Mechanistically, we demonstrate varied changes in short-range resection, MMEJ, and translocation, imposed by compromising specific DDR activities, which include polymerase alpha, Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR), DNA2, and Mre11. This study advances our understanding of DNA damage repair within the 53BP1 regulatory domain and the RAG1/2 postcleavage complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Wang
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cheyenne A. Sadeghi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Long V. Le
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marie Le Bouteiller
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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King A, Reichl P, Metson JS, Parker R, Munro D, Oliveira C, Becker JR, Biggs D, Preece C, Davies B, Chapman JR. Shieldin and CST co-orchestrate DNA polymerase-dependent tailed-end joining reactions independently of 53BP1-governed repair pathway choice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572534. [PMID: 38187711 PMCID: PMC10769304 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
53BP1 regulates DNA end-joining in lymphocytes, diversifying immune antigen receptors. This involves nucleosome-bound 53BP1 at DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) recruiting RIF1 and shieldin, a poorly understood DNA-binding complex. The 53BP1-RIF1-shieldin axis is pathological in BRCA1-mutated cancers, blocking homologous recombination (HR) and driving illegitimate non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). However, how this axis regulates DNA end-joining and HR suppression remains unresolved. We investigated shieldin and its interplay with CST, a complex recently implicated in 53BP1-dependent activities. Immunophenotypically, mice lacking shieldin or CST are equivalent, with class-switch recombination co-reliant on both complexes. ATM-dependent DNA damage signalling underpins this cooperation, inducing physical interactions between these complexes that reveal shieldin as a DSB-responsive CST adaptor. Furthermore, DNA polymerase ζ functions downstream of shieldin, establishing DNA fill-in synthesis as the physiological function of shieldin-CST. Lastly, 53BP1 suppresses HR and promotes NHEJ in BRCA1-deficient mice and cells independently of shieldin. These findings showcase the resilience of the 53BP1 pathway, achieved through the collaboration of chromatin-bound 53BP1 complexes and DNA end-processing effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh King
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pia Reichl
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean S. Metson
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Parker
- Centre for ImmunoOncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniella Munro
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordan R. Becker
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Biggs
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Preece
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, UK
| | - J. Ross Chapman
- Genome Integrity laboratory, Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Kabrani E, Saha T, Di Virgilio M. DNA repair and antibody diversification: the 53BP1 paradigm. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:782-791. [PMID: 37640588 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair factor 53BP1 has long been implicated in V(D)J and class switch recombination (CSR) of mammalian lymphocyte receptors. However, the dissection of the underlying molecular activities is hampered by a paucity of studies [V(D)J] and plurality of phenotypes (CSR) associated with 53BP1 deficiency. Here, we revisit the currently accepted roles of 53BP1 in antibody diversification in view of the recent identification of its downstream effectors in DSB protection and latest advances in genome architecture. We propose that, in addition to end protection, 53BP1-mediated end-tethering stabilization is essential for CSR. Furthermore, we support a pre-DSB role during V(D)J recombination. Our perspective underscores the importance of evaluating repair of DSBs in relation to their dynamic architectural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kabrani
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Tannishtha Saha
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Michela Di Virgilio
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.
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Bello A, Hirth G, Voigt S, Tepper S, Jungnickel B. Mechanism and regulation of secondary immunoglobulin diversification. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2070-2087. [PMID: 37909747 PMCID: PMC10761156 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2275397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary immunoglobulin diversification by somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination in B cells is instrumental for an adequate adaptive humoral immune response. These genetic events may, however, also introduce aberrations into other cellular genes and thereby cause B cell malignancies. While the basic mechanism of somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination is now well understood, their regulation and in particular the mechanism of their specific targeting to immunoglobulin genes is still rather mysterious. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanism and regulation of secondary immunoglobulin diversification and discuss known mechanisms of physiological targeting to immunoglobulin genes and mistargeting to other cellular genes. We summarize open questions in the field and provide an outlook on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bello
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gianna Hirth
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Voigt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Tepper
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Berit Jungnickel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Veneziani AC, Scott C, Wakefield MJ, Tinker AV, Lheureux S. Fighting resistance: post-PARP inhibitor treatment strategies in ovarian cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231157644. [PMID: 36872947 PMCID: PMC9983116 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231157644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) represent a therapeutic milestone in the management of epithelial ovarian cancer. The concept of 'synthetic lethality' is exploited by PARPi in tumors with defects in DNA repair pathways, particularly homologous recombination deficiency. The use of PARPis has been increasing since its approval as maintenance therapy, particularly in the first-line setting. Therefore, resistance to PARPi is an emerging issue in clinical practice. It brings an urgent need to elucidate and identify the mechanisms of PARPi resistance. Ongoing studies address this challenge and investigate potential therapeutic strategies to prevent, overcome, or re-sensitize tumor cells to PARPi. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms of resistance to PARPi, discuss emerging strategies to treat patients post-PARPi progression, and discuss potential biomarkers of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Veneziani
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clare Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna V Tinker
- BC Cancer Agency, Medical Oncology Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5B 2M9, Canada
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Oksenych V. DNA Repair and Immune Response: Editorial. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010084. [PMID: 36671469 PMCID: PMC9855733 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing B and T lymphocytes requires programmed DNA double-strand breaks followed by the activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and DNA repair [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Oksenych
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
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